Summary
Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow attackers to impersonate charging stations, hijack sessions, suppress or misroute legitimate traffic to cause large-scale denial-of-service, and manipulate data sent to the backend.
Vulnerabilities 4
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Critical 9.4
SWITCH EV swtchenergy.com Missing Authentication for Critical Function
WebSocket endpoints lack proper authentication mechanisms, enabling attackers to perform unauthorized station impersonation and manipulate data sent to the backend. An unauthenticated attacker can connect to the OCPP WebSocket endpoint using a known or discov…
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High 7.5
SWITCH EV swtchenergy.com Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts
The WebSocket Application Programming Interface lacks restrictions on the number of authentication requests. This absence of rate limiting may allow an attacker to conduct denial-of-service attacks by suppressing or mis-routing legitimate charger telemetry, o…
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High 7.3
SWITCH EV swtchenergy.com Insufficient Session Expiration
The WebSocket backend uses charging station identifiers to uniquely associate sessions but allows multiple endpoints to connect using the same session identifier. This implementation results in predictable session identifiers and enables session hijacking or …
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Medium 6.5
SWITCH EV swtchenergy.com Insufficiently Protected Credentials
Charging station authentication identifiers are publicly accessible via web-based mapping platforms.
Revision history
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#2
Update A - Adjusted the spelling of the vendor to match the company name. Added mitigations as described by SWTCH
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#1
Initial Publication
References
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ICSA Advisory ICSA-26-057-06 - Web Version
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-057-06
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Recommended Practices
https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/alerts/ICS-ALERT-10-301-01
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Recommended Practices
https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ics-recommended-practices
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Recommended Practices
https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Cybersecurity_Best_Practices_for_Industrial_Control_Systems.pdf
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Recommended Practices
https://www.cisa.gov/topics/industrial-control-systems
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Recommended Practices
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-alerts/ics-alert-10-301-01
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Recommended Practices
https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
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Recommended Practices
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/targeted-cyber-intrusion-detection-and-mitigation-strategies-update-b
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Recommended Practices
https://www.cisa.gov/secure-our-world/teach-employees-avoid-phishing
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Recommended Practices
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/avoiding-social-engineering-and-phishing-attacks