Summary
Impact: Remote Code Execution. Microsoft rating: Important. Not known to be exploited — Exploitation More Likely. Customer action: Required.
Details
According to the CVSS metric, the attack vector is local (AV:L). Why does the CVE title indicate that this is a remote code execution?
The word Remote in the title refers to the location of the attacker. This type of exploit is sometimes referred to as Arbitrary Code Execution (ACE). The attack itself is carried out locally. This means an attacker or victim needs to execute code from the local machine to exploit the vulnerability.
According to the CVSS metric, the attack vector is local (AV:L) while user interaction is required (UI:R). What does that mean for this vulnerability?
An attacker can trick a local user on a vulnerable system into mounting a specially crafted VHD that would then trigger the vulnerability.
Security updates
10.0.17763.7009 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5053596
10.0.20348.3328 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5053603
10.0.20348.3270 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5053638
10.0.19044.5608 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5053606
10.0.22621.5039 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5053602
10.0.26100.3476 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5053598
10.0.26100.3403 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5053636
10.0.25398.1486 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5053599
10.0.10240.20947 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5053618
10.0.14393.7876 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5053594
6.0.6003.23168 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5053888
6.0.6003.23168 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5053995
6.1.7601.27618 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5053620
6.1.7601.27618 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5053627
6.2.9200.25368 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5053886
6.3.9600.22470 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5053887
Vulnerabilities 1
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High 7.8
Windows exFAT File System Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows exFAT File System allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
Revision history
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#1
Information published.
References
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CVE-2025-21180 Windows exFAT File System Remote Code Execution Vulnerability - HTML
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21180
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Microsoft Exploitability Index
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/msrc/exploitability-index?rtc=1
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Microsoft Support Lifecycle
https://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle
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Common Vulnerability Scoring System
https://www.first.org/cvss