Summary
Impact: Spoofing. Microsoft rating: Important. Not known to be exploited — Exploitation Less Likely. Customer action: Required.
Details
How could an attacker exploit this vulnerability?
An attacker could exploit the vulnerability by tricking a victim into connecting to a malicious server using techniques like DNS poisoning or phishing. Once connected, the attacker presents a legitimate TLS certificate with a spoofed Common Name (CN) in the Organizational Unit (OU) field. The JDBC driver mistakenly trusts this certificate, allowing the attacker to intercept SQL credentials and perform a machine-in-the-middle attack on encrypted database traffic.
Security updates
12.4.3 — https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/connect/jdbc/release-notes-for-the-jdbc-driver?view=sql-server-ver16
Vulnerabilities 1
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High 8.1
JDBC Driver for SQL Server Spoofing Vulnerability
Improper input validation in JDBC Driver for SQL Server allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.
Revision history
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#1
Information published.
References
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CVE-2025-59250 JDBC Driver for SQL Server Spoofing Vulnerability - HTML
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-59250
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Microsoft Exploitability Index
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/msrc/exploitability-index?rtc=1
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Microsoft Support Lifecycle
https://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle
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Common Vulnerability Scoring System
https://www.first.org/cvss