Microsoft SharePoint Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

I am running SharePoint Server 2016. Do the updates for SharePoint Enterprise Server 2016 also apply to the version I am running?
Yes. The same KB number applies to both SharePoint Server 2016 and SharePoint Enterprise Server 2016. Customers running either version should install the security update to be protected from this vulnerability.

How could an attacker exploit the vulnerability?
In a network-based attack, an attacker authenticated as at least a Site Owner, could write arbitrary code to inject and execute code remotely on the SharePoint Server.

According to the CVSS metric, the attack vector is network (AV:N) and the attack complexity is low (AC:L). What does that mean for this vulnerability?
The attack vector is Network (AV:N) because this vulnerability is remotely exploitable and can be exploited from the internet. The attack complexity is Low (AC:L) because an attacker does not require significant prior knowledge of the system and can achieve repeatable success with the payload against the vulnerable component.

Security updates
16.0.5561.1001 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5002891
16.0.10417.20175 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5002883
16.0.19725.20434 — https://support.microsoft.com/help/5002882