Weakness (CWE)
CWE-120: Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input
The product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that your buffer is as large as you specify.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Source: MITRE CWE-120
3,303 results · Feed
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Medium 6.9
TP-Link TL-WR841N, TL-WR842ND and TL-WR949N WlanNetworkRpm.htm buffer overflow
A vulnerability has been found in TP-Link TL-WR841N v11, TL-WR842ND v2 and TL-WR494N v3. The vulnerability exists in the /userRpm/WlanNetworkRpm.htm file due to missing input parameter validation, which may lead to the buffer overflow to cause a crash of the …
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High 7.8
X_T File Parsing Memory Corruption Vulnerability
A maliciously crafted X_T file, when parsed through certain Autodesk products, can force a Memory Corruption vulnerability. A malicious actor can leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process.
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK X15 HTTP POST Request formRoute buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK X15 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /boafrm/formRoute of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument subm…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK X15 HTTP POST Request formMultiAPVLAN buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK X15 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /boafrm/formMultiAPVLAN of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of th…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK X15 HTTP POST Request formMapDelDevice buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK X15 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. It has been classified as critical. Affected is an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formMapDelDevice of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument macstr leads …
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK X15 HTTP POST Request formMapDel buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK X15 1.0.0-B20230714.1105 and classified as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /boafrm/formMapDel of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument devicemac1 leads …
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK X15 HTTP POST Request formFilter buffer overflow
A vulnerability has been found in TOTOLINK X15 1.0.0-B20230714.1105 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /boafrm/formFilter of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument ip6addr/url/vpn…
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Medium 4.5
transpose: Buffer overflow due to integer overflow
The transpose crate before 0.2.3 for Rust allows an integer overflow via input_width and input_height arguments.
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High 8.8CVE-2025-8180 EPSS 12%
Tenda CH22 deleteUserName formdeleteUserName buffer overflow
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1. Affected by this issue is the function formdeleteUserName of the file /goform/deleteUserName. The manipulation of the argument old_account leads to buffer overflow. The a…
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Medium 5.3
LibTIFF thumbnail.c setrow buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in LibTIFF up to 4.7.0. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects the function setrow of the file tools/thumbnail.c. The manipulation leads to buffer overflow. An attack has to be approached locally. The patch is named e8c9d6…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK T6 MQTT Packet meshSlaveDlfw tcpcheck_net buffer overflow
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in TOTOLINK T6 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015. This vulnerability affects the function tcpcheck_net of the file /router/meshSlaveDlfw of the component MQTT Packet Handler. The manipulation of the argument serverIp leads…
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High 8.8
D-Link DIR-513 HTTP POST Request formSetWanPPTPpath formSetWanPPTPcallback buffer overflow
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in D-Link DIR-513 1.10. This affects the function formSetWanPPTPcallback of the file /goform/formSetWanPPTPpath of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument curTime leads to…
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High 8.8
D-Link DIR-513 formSetWanPPPoE websAspInit buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-513 1.10. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function websAspInit of the file /goform/formSetWanPPPoE. The manipulation of the argument curTime leads to buffer overflow. The attack may be launc…
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High 8.8
Tenda AC20 httpd SetSysTimeCfg buffer overflow
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Tenda AC20 up to 16.03.08.12. Affected is an unknown function of the file /goform/SetSysTimeCfg of the component httpd. The manipulation of the argument timeZone leads to buffer overflow. It is possible…
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High 8.8CVE-2025-8140 EPSS 11%
TOTOLINK A702R HTTP POST Request formWlanMultipleAP buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK A702R 4.0.0-B20230721.1521. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /boafrm/formWlanMultipleAP of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument sub…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A702R HTTP POST Request formPortFw buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK A702R 4.0.0-B20230721.1521. It has been classified as critical. This affects an unknown part of the file /boafrm/formPortFw of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument service_type leads t…
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High 8.8CVE-2025-8138 EPSS 11%
TOTOLINK A702R HTTP POST Request formOneKeyAccessButton buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK A702R 4.0.0-B20230721.1521 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /boafrm/formOneKeyAccessButton of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the ar…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A702R HTTP POST Request formIpQoS buffer overflow
A vulnerability has been found in TOTOLINK A702R 4.0.0-B20230721.1521 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /boafrm/formIpQoS of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argu…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK A702R HTTP POST Request formFilter buffer overflow
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in TOTOLINK A702R 4.0.0-B20230721.1521. Affected is an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formFilter of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument ip6addr leads to b…
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High 8.1
A vulnerability has been found in Dahua products. Attackers could exploit a buffer overflow vulnerability by sending sp…
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High 8.1CVE-2025-31700 Public exploit
A vulnerability has been found in Dahua products. Attackers could exploit a buffer overflow vulnerability by sending sp…
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High 8.8
Shenzhen Libituo Technology LBT-T300-T310 appy.cgi sub_40B6F0 buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in Shenzhen Libituo Technology LBT-T300-T310 2.2.3.6. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function sub_40B6F0 of the file at/appy.cgi. The manipulation of the argument wan_proto leads to buffer overflow. The …
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High 8.8
D-Link DIR-513 formSetWanDhcpplus buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-513 up to 20190831. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function formSetWanDhcpplus of the file /goform/formSetWanDhcpplus. The manipulation of the argument curTime leads to buffer overflow.…
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High 8.8
Tenda AC6 httpd setparentcontrolinfo buffer overflow
A vulnerability has been found in Tenda AC6 15.03.06.50 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setparentcontrolinfo of the component httpd. The manipulation leads to buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely.
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK T6 MQTT Service updateWifiInfo buffer overflow
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in TOTOLINK T6 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015. Affected is the function updateWifiInfo of the component MQTT Service. The manipulation of the argument serverIp leads to buffer overflow. It is possible to lau…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK T6 MQTT Service recvSlaveUpgstatus buffer overflow
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in TOTOLINK T6 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015. This issue affects the function recvSlaveUpgstatus of the component MQTT Service. The manipulation of the argument s leads to buffer overflow. The attack m…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK T6 MQTT Service recvSlaveStaInfo buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK T6 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function recvSlaveStaInfo of the component MQTT Service. The manipulation of the argument dest leads to buffer overflow. The attack may be…
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Medium 6.6
RIOT-OS has an ineffective size check that can lead to buffer overflow in link layer address filter /sys/net/link_layer/l2filter/l2filter.c
RIOT-OS, an operating system that supports Internet of Things devices, has an ineffective size check implemented with `assert()` can lead to buffer overflow in versions up to and including 2025.04. Assertions are usually compiled out in production builds. If …
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK T6 HTTP POST Request cstecgi.cgi setDiagnosisCfg buffer overflow
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in TOTOLINK T6 up to 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015. Affected by this issue is the function setDiagnosisCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation …
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High 8.8
Tenda FH451 POST Request WizardHandle fromWizardHandle buffer overflow
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Tenda FH451 1.0.0.9. This affects the function fromWizardHandle of the file /goform/WizardHandle of the component POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument PPW leads to buffer overflow. It …
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Critical 9.8
TOTOLINK N350RT V9.3.5u.6139_B20201216 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the ePort parameter in the funct…
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High 8.6CVE-2025-34128 Public exploit
X360 VideoPlayer ActiveX Control Buffer Overflow via ConvertFile()
A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the X360 VideoPlayer ActiveX control (VideoPlayer.ocx) version 2.6 when handling overly long arguments to the ConvertFile() method. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by supplying crafted input to cause memory…
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Critical 9.8
A buffer overflow vulnerability in the URL parser of the zhttpd web server in Zyxel VMG8825-T50K firmware versions prio…
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High 8.4CVE-2025-34106 Public exploit
PDF Shaper v3.5/3.6 Buffer Overflow via Convert to Image Feature
A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in PDF Shaper versions 3.5 and 3.6 when converting a crafted PDF file to an image using the 'Convert PDF to Image' functionality. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by tricking a user into opening a maliciously c…
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High 8.8
UTT HiPER 840G aspApBasicConfigUrcp buffer overflow
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in UTT HiPER 840G up to 3.1.1-190328. This affects an unknown part of the file /goform/aspApBasicConfigUrcp. The manipulation of the argument Username leads to buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate t…
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High 8.8
UTT HiPER 840G aspRemoteApConfTempSend buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in UTT HiPER 840G up to 3.1.1-190328. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /goform/aspRemoteApConfTempSend. The manipulation of the argument remoteSrcTemp leads to buffer ove…
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High 8.8
Tenda FH1201 HTTP POST Request fromSafeUrlFilter buffer overflow
A vulnerability has been found in Tenda FH1201 1.2.0.14 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects the function fromSafeUrlFilter of the file /goform/fromSafeUrlFilter of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument pa…
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High 8.8
Tenda FH1201 HTTP POST Request fromRouteStatic buffer overflow
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Tenda FH1201 1.2.0.14. Affected by this vulnerability is the function fromRouteStatic of the file /goform/fromRouteStatic of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument page lea…
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High 8.8
Tenda FH1201 HTTP POST Request AdvSetWrlsafeset formWrlsafeset buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in Tenda FH1201 1.2.0.14. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function formWrlsafeset of the file /goform/AdvSetWrlsafeset of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument mit_…
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Critical 9.8
A security vulnerability within Ivanti Avalanche Manager before version 6.4.1 may allow an unauthenticated attacker to …