Weakness (CWE)
CWE-120: Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input
The product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that your buffer is as large as you specify.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Source: MITRE CWE-120
3,302 results · Feed
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High 8.1
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IBM Guardium Data Protection 12.0, 12.1, and 12.2 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a buffer overflow.
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High 8.1
Multiple vulnerabilities affect the Sniffer component as part of IBM Guardium Data Protection
IBM Guardium Data Protection 12.0, 12.1, and 12.2 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a buffer overflow.
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Medium 6.9
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Medium 6.8
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High 7.8
Local Authenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in the ClearPass Policy Manager OnGuard Agent
A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the OnGuard agent of ClearPass Policy Manager. Successful exploitation could allow an authenticated local user to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges on the affected host or to disrupt the availability of …
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Critical 9.1
Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities lead to Information Disclosure in AOS-S
Buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the affected interface of AOS-S. Successful exploitation could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to expose sensitive memory contents and cause a denial of service on the device.
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Critical 9.3
Unauthenticated Adjacent Buffer Overflow Vulnerability Leading to Information Disclosure in AOS-S
An unauthenticated buffer overflow vulnerability exists in AOS-S. Successful exploitation could allow an unauthenticated adjacent attacker to expose sensitive memory contents and cause a denial of service on the affected device.
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Critical 9.8
Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities lead to Remote Code Execution in AOS-S
Buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the affected interface of AOS-S. Successful exploitation could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary code.
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Medium 6.3
GPAC DASH Client dash_client.c gf_dash_resolve_url buffer overflow
A weakness has been identified in GPAC up to 26.07.0. Affected by this issue is the function gf_dash_resolve_url of the file src/media_tools/dash_client.c of the component DASH Client. This manipulation causes buffer overflow. The attack is possible to be car…
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High 8.7
Fireware OS Pre-Authentication Stack Buffer Overflow in fingerd Allows Remote Code Execution
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware OS's DHCP fingerprinting daemon (fingerd) allows an unauthenticated attacker with adjacent network access to execute arbitrary code or crash the process by sending a specially crafted DHCP pac…
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Critical 9.6
Unauthenticated Adjacent Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities lead to Remote Code Execution in HPE Networking Instant ON APS
Buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the affected interface of HPE Networking Instant ON APS that could allow an unauthenticated adjacent attacker to achieve remote code execution. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary comma…
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Medium 6.5
ZoneMinder before 1.38.4 Buffer Overflow via HTTP Camera Response
ZoneMinder before 1.38.4 contains static buffer overflow vulnerabilities in RemoteCameraHttp::GetResponse() that allow malicious HTTP cameras or intercepting attackers to overflow fixed-size buffers by sending oversized response headers. Attackers can send cr…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-88775 Public exploit
Memory overflow vulnerability leading to unpredictable or erroneous behavior or Denial of Service
Memory overflow vulnerability in Citrix NetScaler ADC and Citrix NetScaler Gateway. This issue affects ADC: before 14.1-73.37, before 13.1-64.23, before 14.1-73.37 FIPS, and before 13.1.37.279 FIPS and NDcPP; Gateway: before 14.1-73.37 and before 13.1-64.23 l…
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Critical 9.8
Multiple Vulnerabilities in IBM Concert Software
IBM Concert 1.0.0 through 3.0.0 is vulnerable to a buffer overflow, caused by improper bounds checking. A local user could overflow the buffer and execute arbitrary code on the system.
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Critical 9.9
Netcore NBR200V2 routerd vlan_load_form_uci buffer overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in Netcore NBR200V2 1.3.241127.071246. The affected element is the function vlan_load_form_uci of the file /usr/bin/routerd. The manipulation of the argument wan_num leads to buffer overflow. It is possible to initia…
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Critical 9.9
Netcore NBR200V2 WAN VLAN Reconfiguration routerd wan_config_set_vlan buffer overflow
A weakness has been identified in Netcore NBR200V2 1.3.241127.071246. Impacted is the function wan_config_set_vlan of the file /usr/bin/routerd of the component WAN VLAN Reconfiguration. Executing a manipulation of the argument vlan_wanX.ports can lead to buf…
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High 8.8
FalkorDB (Redis module) v4.20.1 to v4.20.4 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow in the _Decode_GrB_Matrix functi…
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Critical 10.0
Totolink A3002MU formWlWds buffer overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink A3002MU Hh-B20211125.1046. Affected by this vulnerability is the function formWlWds of the file /boafrm/formWlWds. The manipulation of the argument submit-url results in buffer overflow. It is possible to launch…
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Critical 10.0
Totolink A3002MU formWlEncrypt buffer overflow
A vulnerability was identified in Totolink A3002MU Hh-B20211125.1046. Affected is the function formWlEncrypt of the file /boafrm/formWlEncrypt. The manipulation of the argument submit-url leads to buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack remotel…
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Critical 9.9
Totolink A3002MU formWlAc buffer overflow
A vulnerability was determined in Totolink A3002MU Hh-B20211125.1046. This impacts the function formWlAc of the file /boafrm/formWlAc. Executing a manipulation of the argument submit-url can lead to buffer overflow. The attack may be performed from remote. Th…
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Critical 9.9
Totolink A3002MU formSchedule buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in Totolink A3002MU Hh-B20211125.1046. This affects the function formSchedule of the file /boafrm/formSchedule. Performing a manipulation of the argument webpage results in buffer overflow. The attack is possible to be carried out re…
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Medium 6.8
Pppd: pppd: buffer overflow in peap response handling leads to data corruption or denial of service.
A flaw was found in pppd. A remote attacker could exploit a buffer overflow vulnerability in the PEAP response handling. By sending a specially crafted PEAP Request packet, an attacker could cause the pppd process to corrupt global static data, leading to inc…
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Medium 5.5
Authenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in an API Endpoint Leads to Remote Code Execution in HPE Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways
A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the API endpoint of HPE Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways. Successful exploitation could allow an authenticated remote attacker with Admin privilege to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating syste…
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Medium 5.5
Authenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in HPE Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways Web-Based Management Interface Causes Denial-of-Service
A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the web-based management interface of HPE Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways that could allow an authenticated attacker with administrative access to cause a denial of service. Successful exploitation could allow …
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Medium 6.4
Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerability leads to Denial-of-Service in HPE Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways
A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in a system service within the underlying operating system of HPE Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways that could allow an unauthenticated adjacent attacker to cause a denial-of-service. Successful exploitation could a…
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Medium 6.5
Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities in HPE Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways
Buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the underlying operating system of HPE Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways that could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to send specially crafted packets to the affected service. Successful exploitation could…
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High 7.2
Authenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities lead to Remote Code Execution in HPE Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateway API Endpoint
Buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the API endpoint of HPE Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways. Successful exploitation could allow an authenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.
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High 8.1
Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities lead to Remote Code Execution in HPE Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways
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High 8.2
Unauthenticated Denial-of-Service Vulnerabilities in HPE Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways
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Critical 9.8
Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities lead to Remote Code Execution in HPE Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways
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High 8.8
In DecodeFilmGrainParams of film_grain_dec.cc, there is a possible out-of-bounds write due to a missing bounds check. T…
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High 7.8
In gmc_phy_lp3_exit_restore_registers of phy_power.c, there is a possible escalation of privilege due to a missing boun…
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High 8.4
In get_global_config_item_addr of gc.c, there is a possible out-of-bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This coul…
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Medium 6.2
In ReadDataElement of common.c, there is a possible information disclosure due to an incorrect bounds check. This could…
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High 8.0
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High 8.8
In IP Multimedia Subsystem, there is a possible out-of-bounds write due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead t…
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High 8.4
In Wave6VpuDecFlush of wave6.c, there is a possible out-of-bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead …
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Medium 4.4
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Medium 6.5
FreeRDP before 3.31.0 Heap Buffer Overflow via LB_LOAD_BALANCE_INFO
FreeRDP versions before 3.31.0 contain a heap buffer overflow vulnerability in nego_send_negotiation_request() that fails to validate the LB_LOAD_BALANCE_INFO field length before writing to a fixed 512-byte buffer. A malicious RDP server or man-in-the-middle …
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High 8.8
Privilege escalation due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video component
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