Weakness (CWE)
CWE-120: Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input
The product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that your buffer is as large as you specify.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Source: MITRE CWE-120
3,303 results · Feed
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High 8.1
Buffer Copy Without Checking Size of Input in Kernel
Memory corruption in kernel due to missing checks when updating the access rights of a memextent mapping.
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Critical 9.8
There is an unauthorized buffer overflow vulnerability in Tenda AX12 v22.03.01.21 _ cn. This vulnerability can cause th…
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High 7.8
GPAC MP4box 2.1-DEV-rev574-g9d5bb184b has a Buffer overflow in gf_vvc_read_pps_bs_internal function of media_tools/av_p…
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High 7.8
GPAC MP4box 2.1-DEV-rev617-g85ce76efd is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in gf_hevc_read_sps_bs_internal function of medi…
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High 7.8
GPAC MP4box 2.1-DEV-rev574-g9d5bb184b is vulnerable to Buffer overflow in hevc_parse_vps_extension function of media_to…
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High 7.8
GPAC MP4box 2.1-DEV-rev593-g007bf61a0 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in gf_hevc_read_sps_bs_internal function of medi…
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High 7.8
GPAC MP4Box 2.1-DEV-rev644-g5c4df2a67 is vulnerable to buffer overflow in function hevc_parse_vps_extension of media_to…
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High 7.8
GPAC MP4box 2.1-DEV-rev649-ga8f438d20 is vulnerable to buffer overflow in h263dmx_process filters/reframe_h263.c:609
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High 7.8
GPAC MP4box 2.1-DEV-rev574-g9d5bb184b is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow via gf_vvc_read_sps_bs_internal function of medi…
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High 7.8
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High 7.8
GPAC MP4Box 2.1-DEV-rev644-g5c4df2a67 is vulnerable to buffer overflow in function gf_hevc_read_vps_bs_internal of medi…
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High 7.8
GPAC MP4box 2.1-DEV-rev593-g007bf61a0 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in eac3_update_channels function of media_tools/…
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High 7.8
GPAC MP4box 2.1-DEV-rev574-g9d5bb184b is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in gf_text_process_sub function of filters/load_…
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Medium 5.5
In sprd_sysdump driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local…
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High 7.8
NASM v2.16 was discovered to contain a global buffer overflow in the component dbgdbg_typevalue at /output/outdbg.c.
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Medium 6.3
Modbus Tools Modbus Poll mbp File mbpoll.exe buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in Modbus Tools Modbus Poll up to 9.10.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file mbpoll.exe of the component mbp File Handler. The manipulation leads to buffer overflow. The attack…
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Medium 6.3
Modbus Tools Modbus Slave mbs File mbslave.exe buffer overflow
A vulnerability has been found in Modbus Tools Modbus Slave up to 7.5.1 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file mbslave.exe of the component mbs File Handler. The manipulation leads to buffer overflow…
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High 7.4
Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by a buffer overflow by an unauthenticated attacker. This affects RAX40 before 1.0…
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High 7.8
NVIDIA vGPU software contains a vulnerability in the Virtual GPU Manager (vGPU plugin), where an input index is not val…
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High 8.2CVE-2022-41966 Public exploit
XStream Denial of Service via stack overflow
XStream serializes Java objects to XML and back again. Versions prior to 1.4.20 may allow a remote attacker to terminate the application with a stack overflow error, resulting in a denial of service only via manipulation the processed input stream. The attack…
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Critical 9.8
The ACENet service in Sierra Wireless ALEOS before 4.4.9, 4.5.x through 4.9.x before 4.9.5, and 4.10.x through 4.13.x b…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2022-47949 EPSS 23%
The Nintendo NetworkBuffer class, as used in Animal Crossing: New Horizons before 2.0.6 and other products, allows remo…
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Critical 9.8
IP-COM M50 V15.11.0.33(10768) was discovered to contain multiple buffer overflows via the ip, mac, and remark parameter…
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Critical 9.8
IP-COM M50 V15.11.0.33(10768) was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the gotoUrl parameter in the formPortalAu…
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Critical 9.8
IP-COM M50 V15.11.0.33(10768) was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the indexSet parameter in the formQOSRule…
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Critical 9.8
IP-COM M50 V15.11.0.33(10768) was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the sPortMapIndex parameter in the formDe…
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Critical 9.8
IP-COM M50 V15.11.0.33(10768) was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the hostname parameter in the formSetNetC…
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Critical 9.8
IP-COM M50 V15.11.0.33(10768) was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the rules parameter in the formAddDnsHija…
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Critical 9.8
IP-COM M50 V15.11.0.33(10768) was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the indexSet parameter in the formIPMacBi…
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Critical 9.8
IP-COM M50 V15.11.0.33(10768) was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the picName parameter in the formDelWewif…
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Critical 9.8
IP-COM M50 V15.11.0.33(10768) was discovered to contain multiple buffer overflows via the pLanPortRange and pWanPortRan…
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Critical 9.8
IP-COM M50 V15.11.0.33(10768) was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the rules parameter in the formIPMacBindA…
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Critical 9.8
IP-COM M50 V15.11.0.33(10768) was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the rules parameter in the formAddDnsForw…
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Critical 9.8
IP-COM M50 V15.11.0.33(10768) was discovered to contain multiple buffer overflows via the pEnable, pLevel, and pModule …
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High 7.5
Tenda F1203 V2.0.1.6 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the security_5g parameter at /goform/WifiBasicSet.
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High 7.5
Tenda F1203 V2.0.1.6 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the page parameter at /goform/NatStaticSetting.
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High 7.5
Tenda F1203 V2.0.1.6 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the limitSpeed parameter at /goform/SetClientState.
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High 7.5
Tenda F1203 V2.0.1.6 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the security parameter at /goform/WifiBasicSet.
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High 7.5
Tenda F1203 V2.0.1.6 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the deviceMac parameter at /goform/addWifiMacFilte…
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High 7.5
Tenda F1203 V2.0.1.6 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the deviceId parameter at /goform/SetClientState.