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Weakness (CWE)

CWE-121: Stack-based Buffer Overflow

Variant Draft

The product writes past the end of a buffer that was allocated on the stack.

How to prevent it (5 mitigations)

  1. Operation, Build and Compilation

    Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.

    D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.

  2. Architecture and Design

    Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.

  3. Implementation

    Implement and perform bounds checking on input.

  4. Implementation

    Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.

  5. Operation, Build and Compilation

    Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.

    Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.

    For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].

Source: MITRE CWE-121

All Critical High Medium Low Exploited only Public exploit

11 results · Clear filters · Feed

  • Critical 9.8
    CVE-2025-53521 Exploited

    BigIP APM Vulnerability

    When a BIG-IP APM access policy is configured on a virtual server, specific malicious traffic can lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE).   Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.

    F5 BIG-IP Network devices
    KEV Mar 27, 2026
  • Critical 9.6
    CVE-2025-32756 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 31%

    A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability [CWE-121] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiCamera 2.1.0 through 2.1.3, FortiC…

    Fortinet FortiMail FortiVoice FortiRecorder Network devices
    KEV May 14, 2025
  • Critical 9.8
    CVE-2025-42599 Exploited

    Active! mail 6 BuildInfo: 6.60.05008561 and earlier contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability. Receiving a s…

    QUALITIA Active! mail 6
    KEV Apr 28, 2025
  • Critical 9.0
    CVE-2025-22457 Exploited · Ransomware Public exploit EPSS 100%

    A stack-based buffer overflow in Ivanti Connect Secure before version 22.7R2.6, Ivanti Policy Secure before version 22.…

    ivanti Connect Secure Policy Secure Neurons for ZTA gateways Network devices
    KEV Apr 4, 2025
  • Critical 9.0
    CVE-2025-0282 Exploited · Ransomware Public exploit Scanner template EPSS 100%

    A stack-based buffer overflow in Ivanti Connect Secure before version 22.7R2.5, Ivanti Policy Secure before version 22.…

    ivanti Connect Secure Policy Secure Neurons for ZTA gateways Network devices
    KEV Jan 8, 2025
  • Critical 10.0
    CVE-2022-20699 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 72%

    Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Vulnerabilities

    Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Small Business RV160, RV260, RV340, and RV345 Series Routers could allow an attacker to do any of the following: Execute arbitrary code Elevate privileges Execute arbitrary commands Bypass authentication and authorization pro…

    Cisco Cisco Small Business RV Series Router Firmware Network devices
    KEV Mar 3, 2022
  • Critical 10.0
    CVE-2022-20700 Exploited

    Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Vulnerabilities

    Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Small Business RV160, RV260, RV340, and RV345 Series Routers could allow an attacker to do any of the following: Execute arbitrary code Elevate privileges Execute arbitrary commands Bypass authentication and authorization pro…

    Cisco Cisco Small Business RV Series Router Firmware Network devices
    KEV Mar 3, 2022
  • Critical 10.0
    CVE-2022-20701 Exploited

    Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Vulnerabilities

    Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Small Business RV160, RV260, RV340, and RV345 Series Routers could allow an attacker to do any of the following: Execute arbitrary code Elevate privileges Execute arbitrary commands Bypass authentication and authorization pro…

    Cisco Cisco Small Business RV Series Router Firmware Network devices
    KEV Mar 3, 2022
  • Critical 10.0
    CVE-2022-20703 Exploited

    Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Vulnerabilities

    Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Small Business RV160, RV260, RV340, and RV345 Series Routers could allow an attacker to do any of the following: Execute arbitrary code Elevate privileges Execute arbitrary commands Bypass authentication and authorization pro…

    Cisco Cisco Small Business RV Series Router Firmware Network devices
    KEV Mar 3, 2022
  • Critical 10.0
    CVE-2022-20708 Exploited EPSS 15%

    Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Vulnerabilities

    Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Small Business RV160, RV260, RV340, and RV345 Series Routers could allow an attacker to do any of the following: Execute arbitrary code Elevate privileges Execute arbitrary commands Bypass authentication and authorization pro…

    Cisco Cisco Small Business RV Series Router Firmware Network devices
    KEV Mar 3, 2022
  • Critical 9.8
    CVE-2021-20038 Exploited · Ransomware Public exploit Scanner template EPSS 100%

    A Stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in SMA100 Apache httpd server's mod_cgi module environment variables allows…

    SonicWall SonicWall SMA100 Network devices
    KEV Jan 28, 2022