Weakness (CWE)
CWE-121: Stack-based Buffer Overflow
The product writes past the end of a buffer that was allocated on the stack.
How to prevent it (5 mitigations)
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Architecture and Design
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
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Implementation
Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
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Implementation
Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Source: MITRE CWE-121
4,188 results · Feed
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Critical 9.8
Microsoft DirectMusic Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Stack-based buffer overflow in Windows Microsoft DirectMusic allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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High 7.5
.NET Denial of Service Vulnerability
Stack-based buffer overflow in .NET allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.
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Medium 6.0
Stack-based buffer overflow for some Intel(R) Wireless Bluetooth(R) within Ring 0: Kernel may allow a denial of service…
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High 8.6
Stack-based buffer overflow in the UEFI firmware for the Intel(R) Slim Bootloader within Ring 0: Bare Metal OS may allo…
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High 8.1
Stack-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager for VMware
Stack-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager for VMware. This issue affects Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager for VMware: from 8.7.3-00 before 9.0.4-01.
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High 7.7
Memory Corruption vulnerability in SAP Web Dispatcher
SAP Web Dispatcher does not sufficiently validate certain inputs during processing, which could lead to memory corruption. An attacker authenticated as a non-administrative user could exploit this vulnerability by providing specially crafted input, causing th…
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High 7.5
Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP (Internet Communication Manager) and SAP Web Dispatcher
SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP and SAP Web Dispatcher do not sufficiently validate certain header values processed during inbound request handling. An unauthenticated attacker could send a specially crafted request to cause the affected process to beco…
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High 7.5
D-Link DIR-878 HNAP prog.cgi SetVLANSettings stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DIR-878 1.20B05. This impacts the function SetVLANSettings of the file prog.cgi of the component HNAP Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument VID can lead to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be lau…
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Medium 6.7
Multiple vulnerabilities previously addressed in IBM SevOne Network Performance Management
IBM SevOne Network Performance Management 7.0.0 through 8.2.2 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a buffer overflow.
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Medium 6.5
IBM® Db2® is vulnerable to a denial of service when executing a specially crafted query with a Materialized Query Table
IBM Db2 11.5.0 through 11.5.9, and 12.1.0 through 12.1.5 is vulnerable to a denial of service when executing a specially crafted query with a Materialized Query Table.
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High 7.2
Multiple Vulnerabilities in IBM API Connect
IBM API Connect 10.0.8.0 through 10.0.8.12 and 12.1.0.0 through 12.1.1.2 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a stack-based buffer overflow.
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Medium 5.9
A pre-authentication stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability has been identified in the SonicOS TACACS+ authenticatio…
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Medium 5.5
Wazuh Agent 1.0.0 before 4.14.9 Stack Buffer Overflow via read_snortfull
Wazuh agent from 1.0.0 before 4.14.9 contains a stack-based buffer overflow in the logcollector snort-full log reader that miscalculates remaining buffer space in read_snortfull(). Attackers who write crafted multi-line content to a monitored snort-full log c…
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High 7.5CVE-2026-116567 Public exploit
FreeSWITCH: Pre-authentication stack buffer overflow in mod_rtmp control-message handling
FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, rtmp_handle_control() rendered an RTMP user-control message…
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Medium 5.9
FreeSWITCH: Stack buffer overflow in mod_rtmp AVC sequence-header construction
FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, rtmp_rtp2rtmpH264() built an AVC decoder configuration reco…
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High 7.5
FreeSWITCH: Pre-authentication stack buffer overflow in mod_xml_rpc HTTP directory authentication
FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, http_directory_auth() rebuilt an expected user@domain:passw…
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Medium 6.5
FreeSWITCH mod_sofia: stack buffer overflow from an over-long SIP Contact display-name
FreeSWITCH is an open-source software telecommunications platform. From 1.10.0 to 1.11.1, there is a stack-based buffer overflow in mod_sofia when processing SIP Contact display names for dialog-event notifications. A peer can establish a dialog containing …
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High 7.5
FreeSWITCH: Stack buffer overflow parsing the SDP a=crypto key material on inbound calls
FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, switch_core_media_add_crypto() passed the encoded key and s…
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Medium 6.5
FreeSWITCH mod_sofia: stack buffer overflow from an over-long SIP To-header user
FreeSWITCH is an open-source software telecommunications platform. From 1.10.0 until 1.11.1, a stack-based buffer overflow in mod_sofia when generating dialog-event notifications. A peer can establish a dialog with an excessively long SIP To-header user par…
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Medium 6.1
NEURON through 9.0.2 Stack-based Buffer Overflow via CoreNEURON dataset tokens
NEURON (CoreNEURON) through 9.0.2 contains a stack buffer overflow vulnerability that allows attackers to corrupt stack memory by supplying over-long tokens in a crafted model dataset. Attackers can place oversized version or mechanism-name tokens in bbcore_m…
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High 7.5
libnxml before 0.18.6 Stack-based Buffer Overflow via long multi-byte XML name
libnxml before 0.18.6 contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in src/nxml_parser.c that allows remote attackers to write past a 1024-byte stack buffer via long XML names. Attackers can supply XML or RSS feeds with a 1022-character element, attrib…
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High 7.0
Stack-based buffer overflow in SafeNet Authentication Client SIS token engine
A stack-based buffer overflow in Thales SafeNet Authentication Client (SAC) SIS token engine processing can be triggered by a malicious physical or software-emulated smart card. The issue can occur before authentication or PIN entry and may cause a denial of …
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High 7.5
Gdb: gdb: stack buffer overflow in parse_tsv_definition via stale rs->buf tail
A flaw was found in the GNU debugger (GDB). When GDB connects to a remote debug target, a malicious target can cause GDB to overflow a buffer on the stack while parsing the target's replies. This can crash GDB or potentially allow the target to execute arbitr…
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High 7.5
Gdb: gdb: stack buffer overflow in parse_tracepoint_definition via stale rs->buf tail
A stack buffer overflow in the GDB client's tracepoint upload handler allows an attacker-controlled debug stub to corrupt stack memory automatically during connection setup. The overflow results from GDB reading beyond the current reply boundary into a stale …
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High 8.8
Gdb: gdb: stack buffer overflow in fetch_register_using_p via unchecked p-reply length
A stack buffer overflow in the GDB client's remote protocol handler allows an attacker-controlled debug target to execute arbitrary code in the GDB process. The vulnerability exists in fetch_register_using_p, which decodes a stub's register reply into an allo…
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Medium 5.3
ntopng: Stack buffer overflow (write) in nDPI custom category detection allows remote code execution via crafted network packets
ntopng is a web-based network traffic monitoring application. Prior to 6.7.260721, ndpi_get_custom_category_match writes a four-byte nDPI protocol-category value through a pointer to the two-byte id variable in IpAddress::reloadBlacklist in src/IpAddress.cpp …
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High 7.8
SDL_mixer 3.1.2 through 3.2.4 Stack-based Buffer Overflow via FetchXLaw() in AIFF Decoder
SDL_mixer 3.1.2 through 3.2.4 contains a stack-based buffer overflow in FetchXLaw() in src/decoder_aiff.c due to miscalculated output offsets when expanding A-law or mu-law samples. Attackers can supply a crafted AIFF-C file that overwrites roughly 1 KB of ad…
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High 7.8
SDL_mixer 3.1.2 through 3.2.4 Stack-based Buffer Overflow via FetchXLaw() in WAV Decoder
SDL_mixer 3.1.2 through 3.2.4 contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in FetchXLaw() of src/decoder_wav.c when decoding A-law or mu-law WAV files. Attackers can supply a crafted WAV file whose doubly-offset float expansion overwrites about 1 KB o…
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Medium 6.5
netrek-client-cow through 3.3.3 Stack Buffer Overflow via handleSMessage
netrek-client-cow through 3.3.3 contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in handleSMessage() in short.c that allows malicious servers to overflow a 100-byte stack buffer by sending oversized SP_S_MESSAGE packets. A malicious Netrek server or man-i…
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High 7.4
ESP-IDF: Stack-based memory corruption in lwIP DNS/SNTP handling for multi-IP DNS responses
ESP-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. From 5.2.3 until 5.3.7, 5.4.5, 5.5.6, and 6.0.3, the lwIP DNS resolver's cached-lookup path in dns_lookup() in dns.c copies every cached address into a caller-provided single ip_addr_t o…
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High 7.1
ESP-IDF: Stack-Based Out-of-Bounds Write in Thread Border Router ND6 Option Parsing
ESP-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. From 5.2.0 until 5.2.8, 5.3.6, 5.4.5, 5.5.5, and 6.0.3, the OpenThread Border Router Neighbor Discovery packet handler trusts an attacker-controlled ICMPv6 option length while copying in…
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Medium 6.6
Buffer overflow in SAML authentication post-back URL handling in libsnowflakeclient and Snowflake PHP PDO Driver
A stack-based buffer overflow in libsnowflakeclient and the Snowflake PHP PDO Driver could, under specific conditions, result in memory corruption during SAML-based authentication. During a native SSO/SAML login flow, the affected drivers may have copied a va…
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High 7.3
Apache OpenOffice: Stack overflow in CFF hint handling
An uncontrolled memory access in the PDF export code of Apache OpenOffice versions through 4.1.16 allows a crafted CFF font to cause a stack overflow problem, causing program crash or memory corruption, or even running other code. Users are recommended to upg…
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High 8.7
Stack-based buffer overflow in certain ASUS Router firmware allows an unauthenticated nearby attacker to execute arbitr…
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Critical 9.9
TOTOLINK A950RG MAC Filter cstecgi.cgi setMacFilterRules stack-based overflow
A flaw has been found in TOTOLINK A950RG 4.1.2cu.5268_B20221104. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setMacFilterRules of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component MAC Filter Handler. This manipulation of the argument addEffect causes stack-ba…
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Critical 9.9
TOTOLINK A950RG Multi-SSID Configuration cstecgi.cgi delWiFiMultipleConfig stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was detected in TOTOLINK A950RG 4.1.2cu.5268_B20221104. Affected is the function setWiFiMultipleConfig/delWiFiMultipleConfig of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Multi-SSID Configuration. The manipulation of the argument wepkey2/w…
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Critical 9.9
TOTOLINK A950RG Basic Wireless Configuration cstecgi.cgi strcpy stack-based overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in TOTOLINK A950RG 4.1.2cu.5268_B20221104. This impacts the function strcpy of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Basic Wireless Configuration Handler. The manipulation of the argument wepkey leads to sta…
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Critical 9.9
TOTOLINK A950RG Easy Setup Wizard cstecgi.cgi setAppEasyWizardConfig stack-based overflow
A weakness has been identified in TOTOLINK A950RG 4.1.2cu.5268_B20221104. This affects the function setAppEasyWizardConfig of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Easy Setup Wizard Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument functionType can l…
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Critical 9.6
Buffer overflow in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 157.0.8103.38 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code ou…
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High 7.5
PyMuPDF 1.25.3 before 2.0 Stack Buffer Overflow via add_freetext_annot() Callout
PyMuPDF 1.25.3 before 2.0 contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in JM_set_annot_callout_line() that copies a caller-supplied number of callout points into a fixed three-element stack array. Attackers who control the callout argument passed to P…