Weakness (CWE)
CWE-178: Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
The product does not properly account for differences in case sensitivity when accessing or determining the properties of a resource, leading to inconsistent results.
How to prevent it (3 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Avoid making decisions based on names of resources (e.g. files) if those resources can have alternate names.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Implementation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
Source: MITRE CWE-178
38 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 6.5
HomeBox: Email Case-Sensitivity Bypass Allows Duplicate Account Creation and Login Denial of Service
HomeBox is a home inventory and organization system. Prior to 0.27.0, POST /api/v1/users/register and the users.email uniqueness constraint treat email addresses as case-sensitive while HomeBox uses a case-insensitive login lookup. An unauthenticated attacker…
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Medium 6.3
Kubewarden trusted-repos-policy: uppercase registry host bypasses registry/image deny rules
Kubewarden policies is a collection of WebAssembly policies for securing and governing Kubernetes clusters. For versions provisionally classified as affected before 2.1.2, `trusted-repos-policy` compares an image's `registry` hostname against `reject lists` a…
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Medium 6.6
Tanium addressed an incorrect privilege assignment vulnerability in Tanium Server.
Tanium addressed an incorrect privilege assignment vulnerability in Tanium Server.
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Medium 6.3
Nuxt: Server-side route rules (`redirect`, `headers`, `proxy`, `ssr`) are skipped for case-variant paths when routing is case-insensitive
Nuxt is an open-source web development framework for Vue.js. Prior to 4.6.2, Nuxt resolves pages case-insensitively by default while Nitro matches server-side route-rule keys case-sensitively, allowing a request whose path differs only by letter case to rende…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-85254 Public exploit
Apache Camel: Camel-Platform-HTTP Request-Header Echo Suppression Bypassed by Header-Name Casing
Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity vulnerability in Apache Camel Platform HTTP component. This issue affects Apache Camel: from 4.0.0 before 4.18.5, from 4.19.0 before 4.22.1. The guard that prevents a request header being reflected into the response compa…
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Medium 5.9
undici vulnerable to Subresource Integrity bypass via non-lowercase algorithm tokens
undici is an HTTP client library for Node.js. In versions 7.15.0 through 7.30.0 and 8.0.0 through 8.12.1, its fetch() implementation verifies Subresource Integrity metadata by matching the algorithm token against a lowercase-only set, even though the SRI spec…
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Medium 6.5
svg-sanitizer: Mixed-case xlink:HrEf skips the `<use>` nesting-DoS check in Resolver::processReferences
svg-sanitizer is a PHP SVG/XML sanitizer. Prior to 1.0.0, Resolver::processReferences() in src/ElementReference/Resolver.php builds the SVG <use> reference graph with a case-sensitive href attribute predicate before cleanHrefAttributes() normalizes mixed-case…
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Medium 5.3
Open Computer Use through 1.0.0 Denylist Bypass via Case-Variant Bundle ID
Open Computer Use through 1.0.0 on macOS contains an improper case sensitivity handling vulnerability that allows local MCP callers to bypass the password-manager denylist using case-variant bundle identifiers. Attackers, including prompt-injected model turns…
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Medium 6.7
Docker Sandboxes OAuth response masking could be bypassed with a case-variant token host
Docker Sandboxes compared OAuth token-endpoint hostnames case-sensitively when deciding whether to mask managed credential responses, while request routing treated DNS hostnames case-insensitively. Untrusted code inside a sandbox could use a case-variant host…
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Medium 4.3
Backstage: Inconsistent catalog property permission evaluation
Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to 3.9.1, the @backstage/plugin-catalog-backend package is affected by inconsistent catalog property permission evaluation. In deployments that use affected value-based catalog permission co…
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Medium 6.3
Caddy: fileHidden() case-sensitive pattern bypass — exposes "hidden" files via case variation
Caddy is an extensible server platform that uses TLS by default. In version 2.11.3 and earlier, in modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/staticfiles.go, fileHidden() uses case-sensitive filepath.Match checks, so case variants can bypass hide rules on case-insensitive …
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Medium 6.5
Caddy: rewrite placeholder re-expansion
Caddy is an extensible server platform that uses TLS by default. In version 2.11.3 and earlier, three configuration-dependent weaknesses affect the handler and placeholder layer. In modules/caddyhttp/rewrite/rewrite.go, Rewrite.Rewrite() can pass attacker-con…
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Medium 5.3
@fastify/static vulnerable to route guard bypass via path case-folding
@fastify/static is a Fastify plugin that serves static files from a configured root directory. In versions before 10.1.4, on a case-insensitive filesystem such as Windows or the default macOS volume, a route guard or allowedPath restriction can be bypassed by…
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Medium 4.8
fast-uri vulnerable to inconsistent host case normalization via percent-encoded octets
fast-uri is a dependency-free RFC 3986 URI parser for Node.js, used by Fastify and ajv. In versions before 2.4.7, from 3.0.0 through 3.1.7, and from 4.0.0 through 4.1.4, fast-uri folds the host to lowercase before it percent-decodes the host, so a percent-enc…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-89012 Public exploit
Dolibarr 24.0.0 < 24.0.1 SQL Filter Denylist Bypass via sqlfilters Parameter
Dolibarr 24.0.0 before 24.0.1 contains a case-sensitive denylist bypass vulnerability in the sqlfilters API query parameter that allows authenticated attackers to recover protected database fields by supplying uppercase variants of denylist-protected field na…
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Medium 5.4
External Authentication - Moderately critical - Access bypass - SA-CONTRIB-2026-098
Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity vulnerability in Drupal External Authentication allows Privilege Escalation. This issue affects External Authentication versions: from 0.0.0 to 2.0.13.
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Medium 6.3
gRPC-Go: xDS RBAC HTTP Filter bypass via mixed-case Header Matching and gRFC A41 validation evasion
gRPC-Go is the Go language implementation of gRPC. Prior to 1.83.1, the xDS RBAC HTTP filter in internal/xds/httpfilter/rbac/rbac.go does not lowercase header matcher names in normalizeHeaderMatcher even though incoming metadata keys are lowercase. A DENY pol…
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Medium 6.3
AshPhoenix get_subdomain maps a crafted or differently-cased Host header to an arbitrary tenant
Permissive Regular Expression vulnerability in ash-project ash_phoenix lets a remote client select the tenant an Ash application uses, or degrade the request, by sending a crafted Host header. AshPhoenix.Helpers.get_subdomain/2 stripped the root domain with S…
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Medium 6.5
Improper handling of case sensitivity in FileSystem in Google Chrome prior to 152.0.7977.65 allowed a remote attacker l…
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Medium 6.1
jupyterlab: PyPI extension blocklist package-name canonicalization bypass
jupyterlab is an extensible environment for interactive and reproducible computing, based on the Jupyter Notebook Architecture. From 4.5.0 until 4.5.10 and 4.6.2, in jupyterlab/extensions/manager.py and jupyterlab/extensions/pypi.py, JupyterLab's PyPI extensi…
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Medium 5.3
Discourse: Onebox Domain Blocklist Bypass via Case-Sensitive Comparison
Discourse is an open-source discussion platform. Prior to 2026.1.6, 2026.5.2, 2026.6.1, and 2026.7.0, Onebox::DomainChecker.is_blocked? compares hostnames and SiteSetting.blocked_onebox_domains entries case-sensitively, allowing an attacker to bypass configur…
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Medium 6.3
Oidcc.Plug.Authorize user agent session binding inert due to case-sensitive header lookup
Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity vulnerability in Erlang Ecosystem Foundation oidcc_plug (Oidcc.Plug.Authorize module) renders the user agent session binding inert, removing a defense in depth control against replay of a stolen session. This vulnerabilit…
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Medium 5.0CVE-2026-58057 Public exploit
Flowise - Custom MCP Environment Variable Denylist Bypass via Case Sensitivity
Flowise before 3.1.3 validates Custom MCP stdio environment variables against a denylist using a case-sensitive comparison, so on Windows, where environment names are case-insensitive, supplying 'node_options' bypasses the NODE_OPTIONS denylist entry. An auth…
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Medium 5.5
@microsoft/kiota-http-fetchlibrary: Bearer token and Cookie leak across origin on redirect due to case-mismatched scrub in fetchRequestAdapter
@microsoft/kiota-http-fetchlibrary provides TypeScript libraries for Kiota-generated API clients. In versions 1.0.0-preview.97 through 1.0.0-preview.101, `@microsoft/kiota-http-fetchlibrary`'s `RedirectHandler` is documented as stripping `Authorization` and `…
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Medium 4.0
tuf has platform-dependent delegation path matching
`DelegatedRole._is_target_in_pathpattern` uses `fnmatch.fnmatch` to decide whether a given target path is authorized by a delegation's glob pattern. Python's `fnmatch.fnmatch` calls `os.path.normcase()` on both arguments before matching. On POSIX hosts `normc…
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Medium —
Envoy AI Proxy - MCP Message Smuggling Vulnerability
Envoy AI Gateway was found to be affected by a protocol parser differential vulnerability due to improper implementation of the JSON-RPC 2.0 specification. Such differential causes a MCP message alteration, potentially causing a bypass of security controls in…
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Medium 6.5
Gnutls: gnutls: policy bypass due to case-sensitive nameconstraints comparison
A flaw was found in gnutls. This vulnerability occurs because gnutls performs case-sensitive comparisons of `nameConstraints` labels, specifically for `dNSName` (DNS) or `rfc822Name` (email) constraints within `excludedSubtrees` or `permittedSubtrees`. A remo…
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Medium 6.8
OWASP CRS: Whitespace padding in filenames bypasses file upload extension checks
The OWASP core rule set (CRS) is a set of generic attack detection rules for use with compatible web application firewalls. Prior to versions 3.3.9 and 4.25.0, a bypass was identified in OWASP CRS that allows uploading files with dangerous extensions (.php, .…
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Medium 4.2
OpenID Connect / OAuth client - Less critical - Access bypass - SA-CONTRIB-2026-027
Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity vulnerability in Drupal OpenID Connect / OAuth client allows Privilege Escalation.This issue affects OpenID Connect / OAuth client: from 0.0.0 before 1.5.0.
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Medium 5.4
File Browser has an Authentication Bypass in User Password Update
File Browser provides a file managing interface within a specified directory and it can be used to upload, delete, preview, rename and edit files. Prior to 2.57.1, a case-sensitivity flaw in the password validation logic allows any authenticated user to chang…
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Medium 6.5
elysia-cors Origin Validation Error
An Origin Validation Error in the elysia-cors library thru 1.3.0 allows attackers to bypass Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) restrictions. The library incorrectly validates the supplied origin by checking if it is a substring of any domain in the site's C…
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Medium 4.3
Libsoup: cookie domain validation bypass via uppercase characters in libsoup
A flaw was found in libsoup. When handling cookies, libsoup clients mistakenly allow cookies to be set for public suffix domains if the domain contains at least two components and includes an uppercase character. This bypasses public suffix protections and co…
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Medium 5.3
Case-Insensitive Path Matching in corydolphin/flask-cors
corydolphin/flask-cors version 4.01 contains a vulnerability where the request path matching is case-insensitive due to the use of the `try_match` function, which is originally intended for matching hosts. This results in a mismatch because paths in URLs are …
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Medium 5.6
Apache Camel: Camel Message Header Injection via Improper Filtering
Bypass/Injection vulnerability in Apache Camel components under particular conditions. This issue affects Apache Camel: from 4.10.0 through <= 4.10.1, from 4.8.0 through <= 4.8.4, from 3.10.0 through <= 3.22.3. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.10…
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Medium 4.9
social-auth-app-django Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity vulnerability
Python Social Auth is a social authentication/registration mechanism. Prior to version 5.4.1, due to default case-insensitive collation in MySQL or MariaDB databases, third-party authentication user IDs are not case-sensitive and could cause different IDs to …
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Medium 6.5
This flaw allows a malicious HTTP server to set "super cookies" in curl that are then passed back to more origins than …
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Medium 6.5
In OpenEMR, versions v2.7.2-rc1 to 6.0.0 are vulnerable to Improper Access Control when creating a new user, which lead…
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Medium 6.1
Redirect URL matching ignores character casing
ORY Fosite is a security first OAuth2 & OpenID Connect framework for Go. In Fosite before version 0.34.1, the OAuth 2.0 Client's registered redirect URLs and the redirect URL provided at the OAuth2 Authorization Endpoint where compared using strings.ToLower w…