Weakness (CWE)
CWE-23: Relative Path Traversal
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize sequences such as ".." that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
How to prevent it (3 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
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Implementation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-23
63 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.4
Arbitrary file write and code execution via crafted Synthetic Monitoring agent data
Path traversal in the Synthetic Monitoring "Robotmk" test service of Checkmk <2.5.0p19, <2.4.0p40, and 2.3.0 (EOL) allows an attacker who controls the agent output of a monitored host's check output for a host to inject a crafted robot output to define the co…
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Critical 9.9
Beta9 container escape via unvalidated sandbox file paths
The Beta9 worker serves the sandbox file API from outside the container. getHostPathFromContainerPath turns the tenant's container path into a worker path. If the unresolved path starts with a mount destination, including the default upload mount at /tmp/.bet…
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Critical 9.1
Oray Pugongying X5 Pro openwrt_release config_restore_ex path traversal
A weakness has been identified in Oray Pugongying X5 Pro up to 7.6.1. Affected by this vulnerability is the function config_restore_ex of the file /etc/openwrt_release. This manipulation of the argument filename causes relative path traversal. The attack may …
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Critical 9.8
Relative path traversal during model archive extraction in Amazon Web Services Multi Model Server
Relative path traversal during model archive extraction in Amazon Web Services Multi Model Server 1.1.11 and earlier might allow remote actors to execute arbitrary code via a crafted model archive. Multi Model Server is end of life and no fixed version is ava…
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Critical 9.8
Cisco Secure Email Gateway Arbitrary File Write Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the Advanced Malware Protection (AMP) feature of Cisco Secure Email Gateway could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to write arbitrary files on the underlying operating system. This vulnerability is due to improper handling of email…
KEV Oct 14, 2026 -
Critical 9.4CVE-2026-103663 Public exploit
Path Traversal leading to Remote Code Execution in Ollama
Ollama is vulnerable to path traversal in the `/api/pull` endpoint due to insufficient validation of layer digests by the `digestToPath` function. An unauthenticated remote attacker can specify a path traversal sequence as a layer digest, causing a malicious …
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Critical 9.1
Cisco Smart Software Manager On-Prem Unauthenticated API Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the Cisco Smart Licensing Utility API of Cisco License On-Prem, formerly Cisco Smart Software Manager On-Prem (SSM On-Prem), could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to write arbitrary files to the system or cause a DoS condition on …
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Critical 9.1
A directory traversal vulnerability in the file upload functionality of Hitachi Energy RTU500 end-of-life versions allo…
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Critical 9.8
Cisco Secure Email Gateway Security Hardening Release
As part of Cisco's ongoing commitment to proactive security and product quality, the Cisco Secure Email Gateway and Cisco Secure Email and Web Manager engineering team has conducted a comprehensive internal security review. This review resulted in software ha…
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Critical 9.1
Apache FreeMarker, Apache FreeMarker: A malformed locale may be exploitable for path traversal attacks
Path traversal vulnerability in Apache FreeMarker template loading mechanism, if the attacker can specify an arbitrary malformed locale identifier to FreeMarker, and the localized lookup configuration setting is enabled (it's by default enabled). This issue a…
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Critical 9.1CVE-2026-66906 Public exploit
Apache Camel: Camel-Azure-Storage-Blob: the downloadBlobToFile operation built the local download target from the remote blob name without constraining it to the configured fileDir
Relative path traversal vulnerability in Apache Camel Azure Storage Blob component. This issue affects Apache Camel: from 4.0.0 before 4.14.9, from 4.15.0 before 4.18.4, from 4.19.0 before 4.22.0. The camel-azure-storage-blob component can download an Azure S…
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Critical 9.9
Instance template path traversal allows arbitrary host file write as root
A path traversal vulnerability in LXD's instance template processing allows an attacker with container edit permissions, or any user launching a crafted image, to overwrite arbitrary files on the host system as root. When processing target template paths spec…
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Critical 9.9
Microsoft Fabric Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Relative path traversal in Microsoft Fabric allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.
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Critical 9.8
Formidable Digital Signatures <= 3.0.6 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Deletion via Signature Field
The Formidable Digital Signatures plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to file deletion due to insufficient file path validation in the delete_file function in all versions up to, and including, 3.0.6. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to del…
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Critical 9.6
In JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA before 2026.1.4, 2026.2 code execution via path traversal in project workspace ID handling w…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-52813 Public exploit
Gogs: Path Traversal in organization name results in RCE through Git hooks
Gogs is an open source self-hosted Git service. Prior to 0.14.3, organization names containing path traversal sequences (../) are accepted by Gogs, and repositories under them are written to paths following these path traversals. This allows storing/retrievin…
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Critical 10.0
Remote Spark SparkView Path Traversal in RDP Drive Redirection leading to RCE
Path traversal vulnerability in Remote Spark (https://www.Remotespark.Com/) SparkView allows reading and writing arbitrary files in all directories as root. This leads to RCE. The affected component is the RDP drive redirection. Depending on implementation, …
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Critical 9.4
Concrete CMS 9.5.0 and below is vulnerable to Authenticated RCE via Composer customTemplate Path Traversal leading to PHP File Inclusion
Concrete CMS 9.5.0 and below fails to sanitize path traversal sequences in the ptComposerFormLayoutSetControlCustomTemplate field when saving page type composer form layouts. An authenticated rogue administrator with composer form editing rights can exploit t…
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Critical 9.3CVE-2026-23734 EPSS 19%
XWiki Platform: Path traversal via resources parameter in ssx and jsx endpoints when using leading slash
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform. Versions prior to 18.1.0-rc-1, 17.10.3, 17.4.9, and 16.10.17 allow access to read configuration files by using URLs such as http://localhost:8080/bin/ssx/Main/WebHome?resource=/../../WEB-INF/xwiki.cfg&minify=false, l…
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Critical 9.4
Dify v1.14.1 Path Traversal via Plugin Daemon Internal API Access
Dify version 1.14.1 and prior contain a path traversal vulnerability that allows authenticated users to manipulate requests forwarded to the Plugin Daemon's internal REST API by exploiting insufficient URL path sanitization. Attackers can traverse out of thei…
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Critical 9.9
django-s3file: Relative path traversal
django-s3file is a lightweight file upload input for Django and Amazon S3. Prior to 7.0.2, S3FileMiddleware is vulnerable to relative path traversal attacks, where an attacker can use a modified request to escape pre-signed upload locations and have the Djang…
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Critical 9.1CVE-2026-41551 Public exploit
A vulnerability has been identified in ROS# (All versions < V2.2.2). Affected versions contain a path traversal vulnera…
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Critical 10.0
Ory Oathkeeper has a path traversal authorization bypass
ORY Oathkeeper is an Identity & Access Proxy (IAP) and Access Control Decision API that authorizes HTTP requests based on sets of Access Rules. Versions prior to 26.2.0 are vulnerable to an authorization bypass via HTTP path traversal. An attacker can craft a…
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Critical 9.9CVE-2025-62878 Public exploit
Local Path Provisioner vulnerable to Path Traversal via parameters.pathPattern
A malicious user can manipulate the parameters.pathPattern to create PersistentVolumes in arbitrary locations on the host node, potentially overwriting sensitive files or gaining access to unintended directories.
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Critical 9.1CVE-2026-25057 Public exploit
Zip Slip in MarkUs config upload allowing RCE
MarkUs is a web application for the submission and grading of student assignments. Prior to 2.9.1, instructors are able to upload a zip file to create an assignment from an exported configuration (courses/<:course_id>/assignments/upload_config_files). The upl…
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Critical —
LF Edge eKuiper is vulnerable to Arbitrary File Read/Write via unsanitized names and zip extraction
### Summary Multiple path traversal and unsafe path handling vulnerabilities were discovered in eKuiper prior to the fixes implemented in PR [lf-edge/ekuiper#3911](https://github.com/lf-edge/ekuiper/pull/3911). The issues allow attacker-controlled input (rule…
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Critical 9.8
In RSA Authentication Agent before 7.4.7, service paths and shortcut paths may be vulnerable to path interception if th…
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Critical 9.4
A relative path traversal vulnerability in Fortinet FortiWeb 8.0.0 through 8.0.1, FortiWeb 7.6.0 through 7.6.4, FortiWe…
KEV Nov 14, 2025 -
Critical 9.3CVE-2025-55748 Scanner template
XWiki Platform's configuration files can be accessed through jsx and sx endpoints
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. In versions 4.2-milestone-2 through 16.10.6, configuration files are accessible through jsx and sx endpoints. It's possible to access and read configurati…
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Critical 9.3CVE-2025-55747 Scanner template
XWiki Platform's configuration files can be accessed through the webjars API
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. In versions 6.1-milestone-2 through 16.10.6, configuration files are accessible through the webjars API. This is fixed in version 16.10.7.
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Critical 9.9CVE-2025-52207 Scanner template
PBXCoreREST/Controllers/Files/PostController.php in MikoPBX through 2024.1.114 allows uploading a PHP script to an arbi…
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Critical 9.8
Relative Path Traversal in OnlineSuite
A missing protection against path traversal allows to access any file on the server.
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Critical 9.4
Missing Path Validation Enables Path Traversal in Controller.php
Atheos is a self-hosted browser-based cloud IDE. Prior to v602, similar to GHSA-rgjm-6p59-537v/CVE-2025-22152, the `$target` parameter in `/controller.php` was not properly validated, which could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary files on the server via …
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Critical 9.7
A relative path traversal in Fortinet FortiSIEM versions 7.0.0, 6.7.0 through 6.7.2, 6.6.0 through 6.6.3, 6.5.1, 6.5.0 …
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Critical 9.1
Path Traversal in modelscope/agentscope
A path traversal vulnerability exists in the save-workflow and load-workflow functionality of modelscope/agentscope versions prior to the fix. This vulnerability allows an attacker to read and write arbitrary JSON files on the filesystem, potentially leading …
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Critical 9.8
GMOD Apollo Relative Path Traversal
When uploading organism or sequence data via the web interface, GMOD Apollo will unzip and inspect the files and will not check for path traversal in supported archive types.
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Critical 9.1CVE-2024-47051 Public exploit
Remote Code Execution & File Deletion in Asset Uploads
This advisory addresses two critical security vulnerabilities present in Mautic versions before 5.2.3. These vulnerabilities could be exploited by authenticated users. * Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Asset Upload: A Remote Code Execution vulnerability has b…
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Critical 9.2
PingAM Java Policy Agent path traversal
Relative Path Traversal vulnerability in Ping Identity PingAM Java Policy Agent allows Parameter Injection.This issue affects PingAM Java Policy Agent: through 5.10.3, through 2023.11.1, through 2024.9.
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Critical 9.6
A relative path traversal in Fortinet FortiWLM version 8.6.0 through 8.6.5 and 8.5.0 through 8.5.4 allows attacker to e…
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Critical 9.8
TRCore DVC - Arbitrary File Upload through Path Traversal
The DVC from TRCore has a Path Traversal vulnerability and does not restrict the types of uploaded files. This allows unauthenticated remote attackers to upload arbitrary files to any directory, leading to arbitrary code execution by uploading webshells.