Weakness (CWE)
CWE-311: Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
The product does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Requirements
Clearly specify which data or resources are valuable enough that they should be protected by encryption. Require that any transmission or storage of this data/resource should use well-vetted encryption algorithms.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that encryption is properly integrated into the system design, including but not necessarily limited to:
- Encryption that is needed to store or transmit private data of the users of the system
- Encryption that is needed to protect the system itself from unauthorized disclosure or tampering
Identify the separate needs and contexts for encryption:
- One-way (i.e., only the user or recipient needs to have the key). This can be achieved using public key cryptography, or other techniques in which the encrypting party (i.e., the product) does not need to have access to a private key.
- Two-way (i.e., the encryption can be automatically performed on behalf of a user, but the key must be available so that the plaintext can be automatically recoverable by that user). This requires storage of the private key in a format that is recoverable only by the user (or perhaps by the operating system) in a way that cannot be recovered by others.
Using threat modeling or other techniques, assume that data can be compromised through a separate vulnerability or weakness, and determine where encryption will be most effective. Ensure that data that should be private is not being inadvertently exposed using weaknesses such as insecure permissions (CWE-732). [REF-7]
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Architecture and Design
When there is a need to store or transmit sensitive data, use strong, up-to-date cryptographic algorithms to encrypt that data. Select a well-vetted algorithm that is currently considered to be strong by experts in the field, and use well-tested implementations. As with all cryptographic mechanisms, the source code should be available for analysis.
For example, US government systems require FIPS 140-2 certification.
Do not develop custom or private cryptographic algorithms. They will likely be exposed to attacks that are well-understood by cryptographers. Reverse engineering techniques are mature. If the algorithm can be compromised if attackers find out how it works, then it is especially weak.
Periodically ensure that the cryptography has not become obsolete. Some older algorithms, once thought to require a billion years of computing time, can now be broken in days or hours. This includes MD4, MD5, SHA1, DES, and other algorithms that were once regarded as strong. [REF-267]
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Architecture and Design
Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
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Implementation, Architecture and Design
When using industry-approved techniques, use them correctly. Don't cut corners by skipping resource-intensive steps (CWE-325). These steps are often essential for preventing common attacks.
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Implementation
Use naming conventions and strong types to make it easier to spot when sensitive data is being used. When creating structures, objects, or other complex entities, separate the sensitive and non-sensitive data as much as possible.
Source: MITRE CWE-311
383 results · Feed
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in geoip-lite-country
geoip-lite-country is a stripped down version of geoip-lite, supporting only country lookup. geoip-lite-country before 1.1.4 downloads data resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks.
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in ntfserver
ntfserver is a Network Testing Framework Server. ntfserver downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an attacker controll…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in selenium-standalone-painful
selenium-standalone-painful installs a start-selenium command line to start a standalone selenium server with chrome-driver. selenium-standalone-painful downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to ca…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in prince
Prince is a Node API for executing XML/HTML to PDF renderer PrinceXML via prince(1) CLI. prince downloads zipped resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the reque…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in massif
massif is a Phantomjs fork massif downloads resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested resources with an attacker controlled copy if the attacker is on…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in limbus-buildgen
limbus-buildgen is a "build anywhere" build system. limbus-buildgen versions below 0.1.1 download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested res…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in macaca-chromedriver
macaca-chromedriver is a Node.js wrapper for the selenium chromedriver. macaca-chromedriver before 1.0.29 downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out…
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High 8.1
ibapi downloads Resources over HTTP
ibapi is an Interactive Brokers API addon for NodeJS. ibapi downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. Before 2.5.6, it may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested binary with an at…
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High 8.1
pngcrush-installer downloads Resources over HTTP
pngcrush-installer is an installer for Pngcrush. pngcrush-installer versions below 1.8.10 download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping out the requested bi…
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High 8.1
install-nw downloads Resources over HTTP
install-nw is a module which quickly and robustly installs and caches NW.js. install-nw versions below 1.1.5 download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by swapping o…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in webdrvr
webdrvr is a npm wrapper for Selenium Webdriver including Chromedriver / IEDriver / IOSDriver / Ghostdriver. webdrvr downloads binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by s…
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High —
Downloads Resources over HTTP in baryton-saxophone
baryton-saxophone is a module to install and launch Selenium Server for Mac, Linux and Windows. baryton-saxophone versions below 3.0.1 download binary resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code exe…
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High 8.1
windows-build-tools downloads Resources over HTTP
windows-build-tools is a module for installing C++ Build Tools for Windows using npm. windows-build-tools versions below 1.0.0 download resources over HTTP, which leaves it vulnerable to MITM attacks. It may be possible to cause remote code execution (RCE) by…
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Unscored —
In ATI Systems Emergency Mass Notification Systems (HPSS16, HPSS32, MHPSS, and ALERT4000) devices, a missing encryption…
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Medium 4.6
Medtronic N'Vision Clinician Programmer Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
Medtronic N'Vision Clinician Programmer 8840 N'Vision Clinician Programme and 8870 N'Vision removable Application Card do not encrypt PII and PHI while at rest.
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Unscored —
Boston Scientific ZOOM LATITUDE PRM Model 3120 does not encrypt PHI at rest. CVSS v3 base score: 4.6; CVSS vector strin…
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Unscored —
Abbott Laboratories Accent and Anthem pacemakers manufactured prior to Aug 28, 2017 transmit unencrypted patient inform…
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Unscored —
In Philips Alice 6 System version R8.0.2 or prior, the lack of proper data encryption passes up the guarantees of confi…
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Unscored —
A Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data issue was discovered in PDQ Manufacturing LaserWash G5 and G5 S Series all versi…
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Unscored —
Acronis True Image up to and including version 2017 Build 8053 performs software updates using HTTP. Downloaded updates…
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Unscored —
Samsung Magician 5.0 fails to validate TLS certificates for HTTPS software update traffic. Prior to version 5.0, Samsun…
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Medium 4.3
Sensys Networks Traffic Sensor Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
Sensys Networks VSN240-F and VSN240-T sensors VDS before 2.10.1 and TrafficDOT before 2.10.3 do not use encryption, which allows remote attackers to interfere with traffic control by replaying transmissions on a wireless network.
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High 7.1
WellinTech KingSCADA Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
WellinTech KingSCADA 3.0 uses a cleartext base64 format for storage of passwords in user.db, which allows context-dependent attackers to obtain sensitive information by reading this file.