CWE-359: Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor

Identify and consult all relevant regulations for personal privacy. An organization may be required to comply with certain federal and state regulations, depending on its location, the type of business it conducts, and the nature of any private data it handles. Regulations may include Safe Harbor Privacy Framework [REF-340], Gramm-Leach Bliley Act (GLBA) [REF-341], Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) [REF-342], General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) [REF-1047], California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) [REF-1048], and others.

Carefully evaluate how secure design may interfere with privacy, and vice versa. Security and privacy concerns often seem to compete with each other. From a security perspective, all important operations should be recorded so that any anomalous activity can later be identified. However, when private data is involved, this practice can in fact create risk. Although there are many ways in which private data can be handled unsafely, a common risk stems from misplaced trust. Programmers often trust the operating environment in which a program runs, and therefore believe that it is acceptable store private information on the file system, in the registry, or in other locally-controlled resources. However, even if access to certain resources is restricted, this does not guarantee that the individuals who do have access can be trusted.

Some tools can automatically analyze
documents to redact, strip, or "sanitize" private
information, although some human review might be
necessary. Tools may vary in terms of which document
formats can be processed.

When calling an external program to automatically
generate or convert documents, invoke the program with
any available options that avoid generating sensitive
metadata. Some formats have well-defined fields that
could contain private data, such as Exchangeable image
file format (Exif), which can contain potentially
sensitive metadata such as geolocation, date, and time
[REF-1515] [REF-1516].