Weakness (CWE)
CWE-441: Unintended Proxy or Intermediary
The product receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the product does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the product's control sphere.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Enforce the use of strong mutual authentication mechanism between the two parties.
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Architecture and Design
Whenever a product is an intermediary or proxy for
transactions between two other components, the proxy core
should not drop the identity of the initiator of the
transaction. The immutability of the identity of the
initiator must be maintained and should be forwarded all the
way to the target.
Source: MITRE CWE-441
88 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 6.3
MagicMirror: ssrf calendar .js
MagicMirror² is an open source modular smart mirror platform. Prior to 2.37.0, the ADD_CALENDAR handler in defaultmodules/calendar/node_helper.js accepts an attacker-controlled URL, authentication data, and selfSignedCert setting through the unauthenticated S…
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Medium 6.5
Astro: Unauthenticated path override in the @astrojs/vercel ISR function
Astro is a web framework for content-driven websites. From 10.0.3 until 11.0.3, the Astro Vercel adapter in packages/integrations/vercel/src/serverless/entrypoint.ts accepts x_astro_path for the public /_isr function based only on the x-vercel-isr header, all…
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Medium 6.5
Unintended Proxy or Intermediary in Elastic Cloud on Kubernetes Leading to Cross-Namespace Secret Disclosure
The Elastic Cloud on Kubernetes (ECK) operator reads a list of secret references from an annotation on secrets it manages, and it accepts the namespace recorded in each reference without validating that the reference is authorized for the resource being recon…
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Medium 6.5
Odh-model-controller: odh-model-controller: cross-namespace secret read via nim account crd confused deputy
A flaw was found in the `odh-model-controller`. An authenticated user with permissions to create custom resources can exploit a vulnerability in the `loadSecret` function. This function improperly reads the Secret namespace from user-controlled input without …
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Medium 6.5
In versions of the Datadog Android application prior to v545-5.9.2, OnCallNotificationActivity is declared exported wit…
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Medium 6.1
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery via spec `$ref`
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from OpenAPI specifications. Prior to 13.12.2, src/resolved-swagger-schema.ts warmUpRemoteSchemasCache resolves external $ref URLs and fetchRemoteSchemaDocument uses isHttpUrl to fetch any http o…
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Medium 6.5
MongoDB mongos Improper Validation of Internal Flags in Queryable Encryption Write Commands on Sharded Clusters
An authenticated user with write privileges on a Queryable Encryption-enabled collection may be able to modify internal encryption metadata fields that are intended to be server-controlled, by sending crafted write commands through the mongos router on a shar…
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Medium 4.2
Sparkle's AppInstaller post-stage-1 XPC listener accepts unvalidated connections, allowing spoofed appcast item data injection
Sparkle is a software update framework for macOS. In versions up to and including 2.9.1, `Autoupdate/AppInstaller.m`'s `shouldAcceptNewConnection:` only enforces `SUCodeSigningVerifier validateConnection:` before stage 1 completes. After `_performedStage1Inst…
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Medium 5.9
Cross-Tenant Data Exfiltration in Apigee via BigQuery Confused Deputy
An Improper Input Validation vulnerability in BigQuery DAO in Google Cloud Apigee versions prior to 2026-06-12 on Google Cloud Platform allows an authenticated attacker to exfiltrate cross-tenant data. This vulnerability was patched on 12 June 2026 on the Api…
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Medium 5.8
Coder's subdomain workspace app routing trusts unauthenticated X-Forwarded-Host header, enabling cross-app data access
Coder allows organizations to provision remote development environments via Terraform. Prior to versions 2.29.7, 2.32.7, 2.33.8, and 2.34.2, the workspace app proxy resolves the target app from `httpapi.RequestHost()` which prefers the `X-Forwarded-Host` head…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-49086 Public exploit
Apache Camel Dapr: Pub/Sub consumer copied the inbound CloudEvent's pub/sub-name and topic into producer-direction routing headers, allowing an actor who can publish to the subscribed topic to influence internal behaviour
Improper Input Validation, Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy') vulnerability in Apache Camel DAPR component. The camel-dapr Dapr Pub/Sub consumer (DaprPubSubConsumer) copied two fields from each inbound CloudEvent - its Pub/Sub component name…
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Medium 6.9
NocoDB: Server-Side Request Forgery via Spreadsheet Import Endpoint
NocoDB is software for building databases as spreadsheets. Prior to 2026.05.1, the spreadsheet-import endpoint axiosRequestMake could be used as a generic HTTP proxy. Before the fix it was reachable unauthenticated, and its URL-extension allowlist was a regex…
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Medium 5.7
Angular Service Worker Policy-Bypass & Credential-Stripping Vulnerabilities
Angular is a development platform for building mobile and desktop web applications using TypeScript/JavaScript and other languages. Prior to 22.0.0-rc.2, 21.2.15 20.3.22, and 19.2.23, an issue in the @angular/service-worker package compromises the integrity o…
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Medium 5.3
webpack-dev-server vulnerable to HMR WebSocket interception via permissive user proxies
Impact: When a user-configured proxy on webpack-dev-server has a broad context (e.g. /) and ws: true, it also intercepts the dev server's own HMR WebSocket and forwards it to the proxy target. This leaks the browser's cookies and Origin header to the backend,…
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Medium 4.2
PyJWKClient: missing scheme allowlist enables SSRF + token forgery via file://, ftp://, data: schemes
PyJWT is a JSON Web Token implementation in Python. Prior to 2.13.0, PyJWKClient passes its uri argument directly to urllib.request.urlopen() which uses Python stdlib's default OpenerDirector registering HTTPHandler, HTTPSHandler, FTPHandler, FileHandler, and…
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Medium 5.8
Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy') in GitLab
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 13.7 before 18.9.7, 18.10 before 18.10.6, and 18.11 before 18.11.3 that could have allowed an authenticated user to view Jira issues outside the configured project scope due to an inte…
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Medium 5.0
OpenClaw < 2026.4.22 - Connector Endpoint Host Override via Workspace dotenv Files
OpenClaw before 2026.4.22 allows workspace dotenv files to override connector endpoint hosts for Matrix, Mattermost, IRC, and Synology connectors. Attackers with workspace access can redirect runtime traffic to malicious endpoints by setting endpoint variable…
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Medium 5.0
OpenClaw 2026.4.5 through 2026.4.19 - MiniMax API Host Override via Workspace dotenv
OpenClaw versions 2026.4.5 before 2026.4.20 contain an environment variable injection vulnerability allowing workspace dotenv to override MINIMAX_API_HOST. Attackers can redirect credentialed MiniMax API requests to attacker-controlled origins, exposing the M…
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Medium 5.4
OpenClaw < 2026.3.31 - Sender Allowlist Bypass via Graph API Thread History
OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains a sender allowlist bypass vulnerability in MS Teams thread history fetched via Graph API. Attackers can retrieve thread messages that should be filtered by sender allowlists, bypassing message filtering restrictions.
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Medium 5.3
go-kratos http.DefaultServeMux Fallback server.go NewServer confused deputy
A security flaw has been discovered in go-kratos kratos up to 2.9.2. This impacts the function NewServer of the file transport/http/server.go of the component http.DefaultServeMux Fallback Handler. The manipulation results in unintended intermediary. The atta…
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Medium 6.8
Aiven Operator has cross-namespace secret exfiltration via ClickhouseUser connInfoSecretSource
Aiven Operator allows you to provision and manage Aiven Services from your Kubernetes cluster. From 0.31.0 to before 0.37.0, a developer with create permission on ClickhouseUser CRDs in their own namespace can exfiltrate secrets from any other namespace — pro…
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Medium 6.3
Axios has a NO_PROXY Hostname Normalization Bypass that Leads to SSRF
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to 1.15.0 and 0.31.0, Axios does not correctly handle hostname normalization when checking NO_PROXY rules. Requests to loopback addresses like localhost. (with a trailing dot) or [::1] (I…
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Medium 6.5
Astro: Unauthenticated Path Override via `x-astro-path` / `x_astro_path`
Astro is a web framework. Prior to version 10.0.2, the @astrojs/vercel serverless entrypoint reads the x-astro-path header and x_astro_path query parameter to rewrite the internal request path, with no authentication whatsoever. On deployments without Edge Mi…
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Medium 5.3CVE-2026-30225 Public exploit
OliveTin: RestartAction always runs actions as guest
OliveTin gives access to predefined shell commands from a web interface. Prior to version 3000.11.1, an authentication context confusion vulnerability in RestartAction allows a low‑privileged authenticated user to execute actions they are not permitted to run…
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Medium 5.0
Gitea sometimes mishandles propagation of token scope for access control within one of its own package registries
Gitea before 1.22.2 sometimes mishandles the propagation of token scope for access control within one of its own package registries.
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Medium 5.5
In onCreateTasks of CameraActivity.java, there is a possible permission bypass due to a confused deputy. This could lea…
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Medium 6.6
In multiple locations, there is a possible way to alter the primary user's face unlock settings due to a confused deput…
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Medium 6.9
fastify-reply-from bypass of reply forwarding
fastify-reply-from is a Fastify plugin to forward the current HTTP request to another server. Prior to 12.5.0, by crafting a malicious URL, an attacker could access routes that are not allowed, even though the reply.from is defined for specific routes in @fas…
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Medium 5.8
Rack has Possible Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.20, 3.1.18, and 3.2.3, a possible information disclosure vulnerability existed in `Rack::Sendfile` when running behind a proxy that supports `x-sendfile` headers (such as Nginx). Specially cra…
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Medium —
marimo vulnerable to proxy abuse of /mpl/{port}/
### Summary The `/mpl/<port>/<route>` endpoint, which is accessible without authentication on default Marimo installations allows for external attackers to reach internal services and arbitrary ports. ### Details From our understanding, this route is used int…
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Medium 5.5
In App Widget, there is a possible Information Disclosure due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local informatio…
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Medium 5.5
In AndroidManifest.xml, there is a possible way for an app to monitor motion events due to a confused deputy. This coul…
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Medium 5.0
In multiple locations, there is a possible leak of an image across the Android User isolation boundary due to a confuse…
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Medium 5.5
In setRingtoneUri of VoicemailNotificationSettingsUtil.java , there is a possible cross user data leak due to a confuse…
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Medium 4.1
kro Confused Deputy vulnerability
kro (Kube Resource Orchestrator) 0.1.0 before 0.2.1 allows users (with permission to create or modify ResourceGraphDefinition resources) to supply arbitrary container images. This can lead to a confused-deputy scenario where kro's controllers deploy and run a…
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Medium 5.8
Unintended proxy or intermediary ('Confused Deputy') issue exists in HMI ViewJet C-more series and HMI GC-A2 series, wh…
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Medium 4.3
Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy') in GitLab
An external service interaction vulnerability in GitLab EE affecting all versions from 15.11 prior to 17.6.5, 17.7 prior to 17.7.4, and 17.8 prior to 17.8.2 allows an attacker to send requests from the GitLab server to unintended services.
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Medium 6.4
Server-side Request Forgery during remote file pull in Pterodactyl wings
Pterodactyl wings is the server control plane for Pterodactyl Panel. An authenticated user who has access to a game server is able to bypass the previously implemented access control (GHSA-6rg3-8h8x-5xfv) that prevents accessing internal endpoints of the node…
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Medium 6.3
Uncontrolled data used in content resolution
Omni-notes is an open source note-taking application for Android. The Omni-notes Android app had an insufficient path validation vulnerability when displaying the details of a note received through an externally-provided intent. The paths of the note's attach…
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Medium 5.5
In getNumberFromCallIntent of NewOutgoingCallIntentBroadcaster.java, there is a possible way to enumerate other user's …