Weakness (CWE)
CWE-639: Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
More detail
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
How to prevent it (3 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
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Architecture and Design
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
Source: MITRE CWE-639
3,334 results · Feed
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High 8.1
vhr Missing Authorization in PUT /hr/info Allows Arbitrary Profile Overwrite
vhr fails to validate user authorization in the PUT /hr/info endpoint, allowing authenticated users to modify arbitrary HR profiles by supplying any profile ID in the request body. Attackers can overwrite other users' names, addresses, and disable accounts in…
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High 7.7
Label Studio through 1.23.0 Cross-Organization Storage URI Resolution
Label Studio fails to apply organization filters when resolving storage URIs for tasks and projects in proxy_api.py endpoints. Attackers can access other tenants' cloud storage objects by creating a separate organization and supplying arbitrary file URIs to p…
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High 7.5
vhr Missing Authorization in PUT /hr/pass Allows Cross-Account Password Change
vhr through commit 03abbd3 fails to verify that the account ID in PUT /hr/pass requests belongs to the authenticated caller. Authenticated attackers can change arbitrary account passwords by supplying a target account ID and that account's current password in…
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High 7.7
Helicone Cross-Tenant Provider Key Disclosure via Missing Organization Filter
Helicone's VaultManager.getDecryptedProviderKeyById() function in the GET /v1/vault/key/{providerKeyId} endpoint fails to validate the requester's organization against the vault key's organization identifier. Attackers with admin or owner privileges in any or…
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Medium 5.4
CRMEB through 6.0.0 Unauthorized Message Modification via edit_message
CRMEB through 6.0.0 fails to validate message ownership in the edit_message handler of MessageSystemController.php, allowing authenticated users to modify arbitrary system inbox messages. Attackers can update any message's columns including is_del, look, and …
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High 7.1
Joomla Extension - j2commerce.com - Guest checkout address disclosure to any authenticated user (IDOR) in J2Store 1.0.0-3.3.21, 4.0.0-4.0.21, 4.1.0-4.1.6
Joomla Extension - j2commerce.com - Guest checkout address disclosure to any authenticated user (IDOR) in J2Store 1.0.0-3.3.21, 4.0.0-4.0.21, 4.1.0-4.1.6 - `editAddress()` redirected non-owners away only when the loaded address row had a **non-empty** `user_i…
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High 8.8
Joomla Extension - j2commerce.com - Anonymous cart-record tampering via inherited FOF `save` task in J2Store 1.0.0-3.3.21, 4.0.0-4.0.21, 4.1.0-4.1.6
Joomla Extension - j2commerce.com - Anonymous cart-record tampering via inherited FOF `save` task in J2Store 1.0.0-3.3.21, 4.0.0-4.0.21, 4.1.0-4.1.6 - `fof.xml` grants the `carts` view's tasks a wildcard `true` ACL, and FOF only enforces CSRF tokens on back-e…
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Medium 5.3
n8n before 2.36.2 Missing Authorization via Insights API
n8n versions before 2.36.2 contain a missing per-project authorization vulnerability in the Insights API routes that allows authenticated users with insights scopes to access workflow names and execution statistics across projects. Attackers can supply arbitr…
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High 7.3
NousResearch hermes-agent Session Management s71.py _sess_nowait authorization
A flaw has been found in NousResearch hermes-agent 0.18.0. Affected by this issue is the function _sess_nowait of the file s71.py of the component Session Management. This manipulation of the argument session_id causes authorization bypass. The attack can be …
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Medium 6.5
Authorization bypass through user-controlled key issue exists in ShizenBox2 (edge-app). If exploited, an attacker who c…
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High 8.8
Jenkins Microsoft Entra ID (previously Azure AD) Plugin 710.v0b_ff8e9cc2d2 and earlier grants Entra group permissions u…
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High 8.7
GQL entry mutation `siteId` bypasses schema site scope, enabling cross-site content read/write/delete
Craft CMS GraphQL entry mutation resolvers (saveEntry, deleteEntry) read siteIddirectly from$argumentswithout passing throughArgumentManagerprepareArguments(), which is the function that enforces site-scope filtering via array_intersect against the GraphQL sc…
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Low 3.8
Timetics <= 1.0.61 - Staff+ Cross-Staff Appointment Modification via IDOR
The Timetics WordPress plugin through 1.0.61 does not enforce per-object ownership when updating appointments through its REST API, allowing users with its custom staff role to modify, disable, or take over appointments belonging to other staff members.
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Medium 5.3
WordPress PublishPress Permissions plugin <= 4.8.3 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability
Unauthenticated Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) in PublishPress Permissions <= 4.8.3 versions.
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High 8.8
Craft CMS 5.0.0-RC1 before 5.10.11 GraphQL Entry Mutation Site Scope Bypass
Craft CMS versions before 5.10.11 contain a site scope bypass vulnerability in GraphQL entry mutation resolvers that fail to validate siteId through ArgumentManager::prepareArguments(). Attackers with tokens scoped to one site can read, modify, or delete entr…
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Medium 6.5
WC Vendors < 2.7.2.1 - Vendor+ Cross-Vendor Product and Arbitrary Post Modification via IDOR
The WC Vendors WordPress plugin before 2.7.2.1 does not verify ownership or the object type of user-supplied IDs when saving product variations, allowing authenticated users with the vendor role to modify product variations belonging to other vendors, and to …
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Low 3.8
MasterStudy LMS < 3.7.46 - Instructor+ Cross-Course Curriculum Deletion and Tampering via IDOR
The MasterStudy LMS WordPress Plugin WordPress plugin before 3.7.46 does not properly verify ownership of a curriculum object before acting on it, allowing authenticated users with the instructor role to delete or modify curriculum sections and materials belo…
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Medium 4.3
MasterStudy LMS < 3.7.46 - Subscriber+ Cross-Instructor Order Data Disclosure via author_id Parameter
The MasterStudy LMS WordPress Plugin WordPress plugin before 3.7.46 does not properly verify authorization when retrieving order line-item data, allowing any authenticated user including Subscribers to read other instructors' course sales records by supplying…
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Low 2.7
MasterStudy LMS < 3.7.46 - Instructor+ Quiz Answer Disclosure via IDOR
The MasterStudy LMS WordPress Plugin WordPress plugin before 3.7.46 does not properly verify ownership of quiz question identifiers, allowing users with instructor access to read other instructors' quiz questions, including the correct answers and explanation…
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Low 2.7
Rank Math SEO < 1.0.277 - Author+ Robots and Pillar Content Meta Update on Non-Owned Objects via mark_page_as
The Rank Math SEO WordPress plugin before 1.0.277 does not verify that a user is allowed to edit the object being modified before updating its SEO indexing metadata, allowing users with the Author role and above to alter that metadata on content, taxonomy ter…
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Low 2.7
Rank Math SEO < 1.0.277 - Author+ Non-Public Post Content Disclosure via Abilities API
The Rank Math SEO WordPress plugin before 1.0.277 does not verify that the requesting user is permitted to read the specific post referenced in a request before returning its content and SEO metadata, allowing users with the Author role and above to read the …
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Medium 4.9
Rank Math SEO < 1.0.277 - Author+ Arbitrary Post and User Metadata Overwrite via updateSchemas
The Rank Math SEO WordPress plugin before 1.0.277 does not verify that the metadata row being updated belongs to the object the user was authorised against, allowing users with the Author role and above to overwrite arbitrary post and user metadata, including…
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Low 3.7
Rank Math SEO < 1.0.277 - Unauthenticated Non-Public Post Schema and Content Disclosure
The Rank Math SEO WordPress plugin before 1.0.277 does not verify that the post whose schema it renders on the front end is publicly viewable, allowing unauthenticated visitors to disclose the schema and associated content of draft, pending, private, schedule…
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Medium 4.3
GamiPress < 7.9.9.6 - Subscriber+ Arbitrary User Points and Achievement Award via Watch-Video Listeners
The GamiPress WordPress plugin before 7.9.9.6 does not properly restrict its video watch-tracking functionality, allowing users with a role as low as Subscriber to award the configured gamification points, achievements and ranks to arbitrary users including a…
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Medium 5.3
Appointment Booking Lite < 2.4.8 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary Reservation Deletion
The MotoPress Appointment Booking WordPress plugin before 2.4.8 does not perform an authorization or ownership check when handling a user-supplied booking identifier on an unauthenticated endpoint, allowing unauthenticated attackers to permanently delete othe…
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Medium 6.4
Keycloak-services: keycloak-services: cross-session email verification proof not bound to upstream identity for social providers
A flaw was found in the first-broker-login flow of the Keycloak identity management service. When a user links a social identity provider account to their local account, the verification proof generated is not strictly bound to the specific upstream identity …
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Low 3.5
runZero MCP 'Findings summaries' Data Leak
An authorization bypass in the runZero Platform MCP service has been resolved in version 5.1.260826.0. This issue is an instance of CWE-639: Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key and has an estimated CVSS score of CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C…
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Medium 6.5
GROWI through 8.0.2 Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key on apiv3 Revision Retrieval
GROWI contains an access control vulnerability in the GET /_api/v3/revisions/:id endpoint that validates access against a query parameter but returns the revision identified by the path parameter without confirming they reference the same page. Authenticated …
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Critical 9.2
Insecure Direct Object Reference Vulnerability in Manacle Technologies ERP System
This vulnerability exists in the ERP system due to improper authentication and authorization controls in the API endpoint. An unauthenticated remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by manipulating parameter which could lead to exposure of sensitive …
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Medium 6.3
invoiceninja Invoice Ninja Vendor Portal Profile Update profile authorization
A weakness has been identified in invoiceninja Invoice Ninja up to 5.13.26. This affects an unknown part of the file /vedor/profile/ of the component Vendor Portal Profile Update. Executing a manipulation of the argument vendor_contact can lead to authorizati…
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Medium 5.3
Sulu: Media move/update authorization bypass (IDOR)
Sulu is an open-source PHP content management system based on the Symfony framework. Prior to versions 2.6.25 and 3.0.8, the media move endpoint derives its permission check from the client-supplied collection value instead of the media item's actual source c…
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High 8.1
EasyAdmin custom-action dispatcher bypasses access_control on other routes
EasyAdmin is a fast and modern admin generator for Symfony applications. From 4.0.0 until 4.29.16 and 5.5.1, EasyAdmin serves all backend requests through a single dashboard route and, for custom actions (Action::linkToRoute() and MenuItem::linkToRoute()), sw…
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Medium 4.3
Wallos: Cross-user subscription cost inference via replacement_subscription_id
Wallos is an open-source, self-hostable personal subscription tracker. Prior to version 4.9.1, an authenticated user can edit their own inactive subscription and set replacement_subscription_id to a subscription ID belonging to another user. The write is acce…
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Critical 9.6
Goploy: Cross-namespace IDOR and RCE via body-supplied row id in project and project_file handlers
Goploy is an open-source automation deployment system. In versions 1.17.5 and prior, Project.AddFile, Project.EditFile, Project.RemoveFile, and Project.Edit in cmd/server/api/project/handler.go accept a project or project-file row id from the JSON body and ac…
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High 8.1CVE-2026-72001 Public exploit
Pangolin < 1.22.0 Authentication Bypass via Share-Link Endpoint
Pangolin before 1.22.0 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to access any protected resource by supplying an attacker-controlled URL parameter to the share-link authentication endpoint that omits the expected r…
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High 7.7
MCPHub authenticated horizontal IDOR: any non-admin user executes tools on other users' MCP servers (cross-tenant file read + SSRF)
MCPHub is a unified hub for centrally managing and dynamically orchestrating multiple MCP servers/APIs into separate endpoints with flexible routing strategies. Prior to version 1.0.30, MCPHub scopes non-admin users to servers they own (list views and config …
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Medium 6.3
dibo-software diboot AI Session Endpoint ai-session authorization
A vulnerability has been found in dibo-software diboot 3.8.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /api/ai-session/ of the component AI Session Endpoint. Such manipulation leads to authorization bypass. The attack can be laun…
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Medium 5.1
Joomla Extension - joomshaper.com - Broken Object-Level Authorization in Blog Image Deletion in Helix Ultimate < 2.2.10
Joomla Extension - joomshaper.com - Broken Object-Level Authorization in Blog Image Deletion in Helix Ultimate < 2.2.10 - `Blog::remove_image()` checked whether the user was authorized to edit the article ID passed in the request, but did not verify whether t…
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Critical 9.9
ToolJet before v3.16.208 Cross-Tenant Authorization Bypass via tooljet-db
ToolJet before v3.16.208 fails to validate that authenticated users belong to the organization specified in the organizationId path parameter of tooljet-db endpoints, allowing any Builder user to read, modify, and delete tables across tenant boundaries. Attac…
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Medium 5.0
ToolJet through 3.0.0-ee-beta.2 Cross-workspace Schema Disclosure via Export
ToolJet through 3.0.0-ee-beta.2 contains authorization bypass vulnerabilities in the POST /api/v2/resources/export endpoint that allow authenticated users to disclose TooljetDB table schemas across workspace boundaries and export app definitions across granul…