Weakness (CWE)
CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Requirements
Clearly specify the minimum and maximum expectations for capabilities, and dictate which behaviors are acceptable when resource allocation reaches limits.
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Architecture and Design
Limit the amount of resources that are accessible to unprivileged users. Set per-user limits for resources. Allow the system administrator to define these limits. Be careful to avoid CWE-410.
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Architecture and Design
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place, and it will help the administrator to identify who is committing the abuse. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, typically by using increasing time delays
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
The second solution can be difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply requires more resources on the part of the attacker.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
If the program must fail, ensure that it fails gracefully (fails closed). There may be a temptation to simply let the program fail poorly in cases such as low memory conditions, but an attacker may be able to assert control before the software has fully exited. Alternately, an uncontrolled failure could cause cascading problems with other downstream components; for example, the program could send a signal to a downstream process so the process immediately knows that a problem has occurred and has a better chance of recovery.
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
Source: MITRE CWE-770
2,488 results · Feed
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Medium 6.9
NiceGUI's unvalidated chunk size parameter in media routes can cause memory exhaustion
NiceGUI is a Python-based UI framework. Prior to version 3.9.0, NiceGUI's app.add_media_file() and app.add_media_files() media routes accept a user-controlled query parameter that influences how files are read during streaming. The parameter is passed to the …
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Medium 5.9
Astro: Memory exhaustion DoS due to missing request body size limit in Server Islands
Astro is a web framework. Prior to version 10.0.0, Astro's Server Islands POST handler buffers and parses the full request body as JSON without enforcing a size limit. Because JSON.parse() allocates a V8 heap object for every element in the input, a crafted p…
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Medium 6.5
ConcreteCMS is vulnerable to Denial of Service During Bulk Downloads
ConcreteCMS v9.4.7 contains a Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability in the File Manager component. The 'download' method in 'concrete/controllers/backend/file.php' improperly manages memory when creating zip archives. It uses 'ZipArchive::addFromString' combi…
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High 8.7
Salvo Affected by Denial of Service via Unbounded Memory Allocation in Form Data Parsing
Salvo is a Rust web framework. Prior to version 0.89.3, Salvo's form data parsing implementations (`form_data()` method and `Extractible` macro) do not enforce payload size limits before reading request bodies into memory. This allows attackers to cause Out-o…
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Medium 6.6
Rails Active Support has a possible DoS vulnerability in its number helpers
Active Support is a toolkit of support libraries and Ruby core extensions extracted from the Rails framework. Prior to versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1, Active Support number helpers accept strings containing scientific notation (e.g. `1e10000`), which …
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High 7.5
AVideo Affected by Unauthenticated Disk Space Exhaustion via Unlimited Temp File Creation in aVideoEncoderChunk.json.php
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions up to and including 26.0, the `aVideoEncoderChunk.json.php` endpoint is a completely standalone PHP script with no authentication, no framework includes, and no resource limits. An unauthenticated remo…
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High 7.5
OpenClaw < 2026.2.22 - Denial of Service via Inbound Media Download Byte Limit Bypass
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 fail to consistently enforce configured inbound media byte limits before buffering remote media across multiple channel ingestion paths. Remote attackers can send oversized media payloads to trigger elevated memory usage a…
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High 8.7
DeepDiff has Memory Exhaustion DoS through SAFE_TO_IMPORT
DeepDiff is a project focused on Deep Difference and search of any Python data. From version 5.0.0 to before version 8.6.2, the pickle unpickler _RestrictedUnpickler validates which classes can be loaded but does not limit their constructor arguments. A few o…
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High 7.5
Micronaut Framework vulnerable to a Denial of Service in HTML error response caching
Micronaut Framework is a JVM-based full stack Java framework designed for building modular, easily testable JVM applications. Versions 4.7.0 through 4.10.16 used an unbounded ConcurrentHashMap cache with no eviction policy in its DefaultHtmlErrorResponseBodyP…
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Medium 5.7CVE-2026-32941 Public exploit
Sliver Vulnerable to Authenticated OOM via Memory Exhaustion in mTLS/WireGuard Transports
Sliver is a command and control framework that uses a custom Wireguard netstack. Versions 1.7.3 and below contain a Remote OOM (Out-of-Memory) vulnerability in the Sliver C2 server's mTLS and WireGuard C2 transport layer. The socketReadEnvelope and socketWGRe…
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High 7.5
OpenClaw < 2026.3.2 - Slow-Request Denial of Service via Pre-Auth Webhook Body Parsing
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.3.2 contain a denial of service vulnerability in webhook handlers for BlueBubbles and Google Chat that parse request bodies before performing authentication and signature validation. Unauthenticated attackers can exploit this b…
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Medium 5.3
Scriban Affected by Memory Exhaustion (OOM) via Unbounded String Generation (Denial of Service)
`TemplateContext.LimitToString` defaults to `0` (unlimited). While Scriban implements a default `LoopLimit` of 1000, an attacker can still cause massive memory allocation via exponential string growth. Doubling a string for just 30 iterations generates over 1…
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High 7.5
OpenClaw < 2026.3.1 - Unbounded Memory Growth in Zalo Webhook via Query String Key Churn
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.3.1 contain an unbounded memory growth vulnerability in the Zalo webhook endpoint that allows unauthenticated attackers to trigger in-memory key accumulation by varying query strings. Remote attackers can exploit this by sendin…
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High 7.5
@dicebear/converter vulnerable to ncontrolled memory allocation via crafted SVG dimensions
DiceBear is an avatar library for designers and developers. Prior to version 9.4.0, the `ensureSize()` function in `@dicebear/converter` read the `width` and `height` attributes from the input SVG to determine the output canvas size for rasterization (PNG, JP…
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Medium 6.9
Next.js: Unbounded postponed resume buffering can lead to DoS
Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. Starting in version 16.0.1 and prior to version 16.1.7, a request containing the `next-resume: 1` header (corresponding with a PPR resume request) would buffer request bodies without consi…
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High 7.5
IBM i Denial of Service
IBM i 7.6 could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service using failed authentication connections due to improper allocation of resources.
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High 7.5
DoS attack via login attempts with multi-megabyte passwords
Mattermost versions 11.3.x <= 11.3.0, 11.2.x <= 11.2.2, 10.11.x <= 10.11.10 fail to properly handle very long passwords, which allows an attacker to overload the server CPU and memory via executing login attempts with multi-megabyte passwords. Mattermost Advi…
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Medium 4.3
Gokapi's File Request MaxSize Limit Bypassed via Multi-Chunk Upload
Gokapi is a self-hosted file sharing server with automatic expiration and encryption support. Prior to 2.2.4, the chunked upload completion path for file requests does not validate the total file size against the per-request MaxSize limit. An attacker with a …
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Medium 5.9
undici is vulnerable to Unbounded Memory Consumption in in Undici's DeduplicationHandler via Response Buffering leads to DoS
This is an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability (CWE-400) that can lead to Denial of Service (DoS). In vulnerable Undici versions, when interceptors.deduplicate() is enabled, response data for deduplicated requests could be accumulated in memory fo…
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High 7.5
undici is vulnerable to Unbounded Memory Consumption in undici WebSocket permessage-deflate Decompression
The undici WebSocket client is vulnerable to a denial-of-service attack via unbounded memory consumption during permessage-deflate decompression. When a WebSocket connection negotiates the permessage-deflate extension, the client decompresses incoming compres…
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High 7.5
flatted: Unbounded recursion DoS in parse() revive phase
flatted is a circular JSON parser. Prior to 3.4.0, flatted's parse() function uses a recursive revive() phase to resolve circular references in deserialized JSON. When given a crafted payload with deeply nested or self-referential $ indices, the recursion dep…
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Medium 4.8
Inspektor Gadget: Tracing Denial of Service via Event Flooding
Inspektor Gadget is a set of tools and framework for data collection and system inspection on Kubernetes clusters and Linux hosts using eBPF. Prior to 0.50.1, in a situation where the ring-buffer of a gadget is – incidentally or maliciously – already full, th…
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Medium 5.5
Unbounded memory allocation in Quill via unvalidated size fields in Mach-O binary parsing
Quill provides simple mac binary signing and notarization from any platform. Quill before version v0.7.1 contains an unbounded memory allocation vulnerability when parsing Mach-O binaries. Exploitation requires that Quill processes an attacker-supplied Mach-O…
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Medium 5.3
DoS in Quill via unbounded read of HTTP response body during notarization
Quill provides simple mac binary signing and notarization from any platform. Quill before version v0.7.1 has unbounded reads of HTTP response bodies during the Apple notarization process. Exploitation requires the ability to modify API responses from Apple's …
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Medium 5.5
InputMapper 1.6.10 Local Denial of Service via Username Field
InputMapper 1.6.10 contains a buffer overflow vulnerability in the username field that allows local attackers to crash the application by entering an excessively long string. Attackers can trigger a denial of service by copying a large payload into the userna…
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High 7.5
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in flagd
flagd is a feature flag daemon with a Unix philosophy. Prior to 0.14.2, flagd exposes OFREP (/ofrep/v1/evaluate/...) and gRPC (evaluation.v1, evaluation.v2) endpoints for feature flag evaluation. These endpoints are designed to be publicly accessible by clien…
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Medium 6.5
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in GitLab
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 9.3 before 18.7.6, 18.8 before 18.8.6, and 18.9 before 18.9.2 that under certain conditions could have allowed an authenticated user to cause a denial of service due to improper handli…
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Medium 6.5
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in GitLab
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 16.11 before 18.7.6, 18.8 before 18.8.6, and 18.9 before 18.9.2 that could have allowed an authenticated user to cause a denial of service condition due to improper input validation on…
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High 7.5
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in GitLab
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 10.0 before 18.7.6, 18.8 before 18.8.6, and 18.9 before 18.9.2 that could have allowed an unauthenticated user to cause a denial of service by issuing specially crafted requests to rep…
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High 7.5
OpenClaw 2026.2.21-2 < 2026.2.22 - Unauthenticated WebSocket Resource Exhaustion via Media Stream
OpenClaw versions 2026.2.21-2 up to, but not including, 2026.2.22, and @openclaw/voice-call versions 2026.2.21 up to, but not including, 2026.2.22 accept media-stream WebSocket upgrades before stream validation, allowing unauthenticated clients to establish c…
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Medium 6.8
pypdf: manipulated stream length values can exhaust RAM
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.8.0, an attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to large memory usage. This requires parsing a content stream with a rather large /Length value, regardless of the act…
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High 8.7
Parse Server affected by denial-of-service via unbounded query complexity in REST and GraphQL API
Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior 9.5.2-alpha.2 and 8.6.15, an unauthenticated attacker can exhaust Parse Server resources (CPU, memory, database connections) through crafted queries …
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High 7.5
ASP.NET Core Denial of Service Vulnerability
Allocation of resources without limits or throttling in ASP.NET Core allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.
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High 7.5
express-rate-limit: IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses bypass per-client rate limiting (all IPv4 clients share one bucket on dual-stack servers)
express-rate-limit is a basic rate-limiting middleware for Express. In versions starting from 8.0.0 and prior to versions 8.0.2, 8.1.1, 8.2.2, and 8.3.0, the default keyGenerator in express-rate-limit applies IPv6 subnet masking (/56 by default) to all addres…
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Medium 4.0
stellar-xdr: `StringM::from_str` bypasses max length validation
stellar-xdr is a library and CLI containing types and functionality for working with Stellar XDR. Prior to version 25.0.1, StringM::from_str does not validate that the input length is within the declared maximum (MAX). Calling StringM::<N>::from_str(s) where …
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High 7.5
CoreDNS Loop Detection Denial of Service Vulnerability
CoreDNS is a DNS server that chains plugins. Prior to version 1.14.2, a denial of service vulnerability exists in CoreDNS's loop detection plugin that allows an attacker to crash the DNS server by sending specially crafted DNS queries. The vulnerability stems…
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High 8.7
jackson-core: Nesting Depth Constraint Bypass in `UTF8DataInputJsonParser` potentially allowing Resource Exhaustion
jackson-core contains core low-level incremental ("streaming") parser and generator abstractions used by Jackson Data Processor. From version 3.0.0 to before version 3.1.0, the UTF8DataInputJsonParser, which is used when parsing from a java.io.DataInput sourc…
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Medium 5.5
OpenClaw < 2026.2.14 - Denial of Service via Large Base64 Media File Decoding
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.14 decode base64-backed media inputs into buffers before enforcing decoded-size budget limits, allowing attackers to trigger large memory allocations. Remote attackers can supply oversized base64 payloads to cause memory pres…
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High 7.5
OpenClaw < 2026.2.14 - Denial of Service via Unbounded URL-backed Media Fetch
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.14 contain a denial of service vulnerability in the fetchWithGuard function that allocates entire response payloads in memory before enforcing maxBytes limits. Remote attackers can trigger memory exhaustion by serving oversiz…
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High 7.5
OpenClaw < 2026.2.13 - Denial of Service via Unbounded Webhook Request Body Buffering
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.13 contain a denial of service vulnerability in webhook handlers that buffer request bodies without strict byte or time limits. Remote unauthenticated attackers can send oversized JSON payloads or slow uploads to webhook endp…