Weakness (CWE)
CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Requirements
Clearly specify the minimum and maximum expectations for capabilities, and dictate which behaviors are acceptable when resource allocation reaches limits.
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Architecture and Design
Limit the amount of resources that are accessible to unprivileged users. Set per-user limits for resources. Allow the system administrator to define these limits. Be careful to avoid CWE-410.
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Architecture and Design
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place, and it will help the administrator to identify who is committing the abuse. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, typically by using increasing time delays
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
The second solution can be difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply requires more resources on the part of the attacker.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
If the program must fail, ensure that it fails gracefully (fails closed). There may be a temptation to simply let the program fail poorly in cases such as low memory conditions, but an attacker may be able to assert control before the software has fully exited. Alternately, an uncontrolled failure could cause cascading problems with other downstream components; for example, the program could send a signal to a downstream process so the process immediately knows that a problem has occurred and has a better chance of recovery.
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
Source: MITRE CWE-770
2,488 results · Feed
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Medium 4.2
Cosign vulnerable to system-wide denial of service via malicious attachments
Cosign provides code signing and transparency for containers and binaries. Prior to version 2.2.4, a remote image with a malicious attachment can cause denial of service of the host machine running Cosign. This can impact other services on the machine that re…
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High 7.5
PAN-OS: Firewall Denial of Service (DoS) via a Burst of Crafted Packets
A memory leak exists in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software that enables an attacker to send a burst of crafted packets through the firewall that eventually prevents the firewall from processing traffic. This issue applies only to PA-5400 Series devices that a…
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Low 3.3
A vulnerability has been identified in JT2Go (All versions < V2312.0004), Parasolid V35.1 (All versions < V35.1.254), P…
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High 8.6
NVIDIA NeMo framework for Ubuntu contains a vulnerability in tools/asr_webapp where an attacker may cause an allocation…
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Medium 5.3
h2 servers vulnerable to degradation of service with CONTINUATION Flood
An attacker can send a flood of CONTINUATION frames, causing `h2` to process them indefinitely. This results in an increase in CPU usage. Tokio task budget helps prevent this from a complete denial-of-service, as the server can still respond to legitimate req…
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Medium 4.3
DoS via a large number of User Preferences
Mattermost Server versions 9.5.x before 9.5.2, 9.4.x before 9.4.4, 9.3.x before 9.3.3, 8.1.x before 8.1.11 don't limit the number of user preferences which allows an attacker to send a large number of user preferences potentially causing denial of service.
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High 7.5
Apache HTTP Server: HTTP/2 DoS by memory exhaustion on endless continuation frames
HTTP/2 incoming headers exceeding the limit are temporarily buffered in nghttp2 in order to generate an informative HTTP 413 response. If a client does not stop sending headers, this leads to memory exhaustion.
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High 8.6
Cloudburst Network DoS in RakNet connection handling
Cloudburst Network provides network components used within Cloudburst projects. A vulnerability in versions prior to `1.0.0.CR1-20240330.101522-15` impacts publicly accessible software depending on the affected versions of Network and allows an attacker to us…
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Medium 5.9
IBM WebSphere Application Server Liberty denial of service
IBM WebSphere Application Server Liberty 18.0.0.2 through 24.0.0.4 is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by sending a specially crafted request. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to cause the server to consume memory resources. IBM X-F…
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High 7.5
Excessive CPU used on malformed traffic
LibHTP is a security-aware parser for the HTTP protocol and the related bits and pieces. Version 0.5.46 may parse malformed request traffic, leading to excessive CPU usage. Version 0.5.47 contains a patch for the issue. No known workarounds are available.
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Medium 5.3CVE-2024-28182 EPSS 82%
Reading unbounded number of HTTP/2 CONTINUATION frames to cause excessive CPU usage
nghttp2 is an implementation of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol version 2 in C. The nghttp2 library prior to version 1.61.0 keeps reading the unbounded number of HTTP/2 CONTINUATION frames even after a stream is reset to keep HPACK context in sync. This cause…
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High 7.5
QUIC's Connection ID Mechanism vulnerable to Memory Exhaustion Attack
quic-go is an implementation of the QUIC protocol in Go. Prior to version 0.42.0, an attacker can cause its peer to run out of memory sending a large number of `NEW_CONNECTION_ID` frames that retire old connection IDs. The receiver is supposed to respond to e…
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High 7.5
Suricata uses excessive resource use in malformed ssh traffic parsing
Suricata is a network Intrusion Detection System, Intrusion Prevention System and Network Security Monitoring engine developed by the OISF and the Suricata community. When parsing an overly long SSH banner, Suricata can use excessive CPU resources, as well as…
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High 8.2
amphp/http-client Denial of Service via HTTP/2 CONTINUATION Frames
Early versions of `amphp/http-client` with HTTP/2 support (v4.0.0-rc10 to 4.0.0) will collect HTTP/2 `CONTINUATION` frames in an unbounded buffer and will not check the header size limit until it has received the `END_HEADERS` flag, resulting in an OOM crash.…
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Low 3.3
Arkcompiler runtime has a stack overflow svulnerability
in OpenHarmony v3.2.4 and prior versions allow a local attacker cause DOS through stack overflow.
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Medium 5.9
IBM WebSphere Application Server Liberty denial of service
IBM WebSphere Application Server Liberty 17.0.0.3 through 24.0.0.4 is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by sending a specially crafted request. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to cause the server to consume memory resources. IBM X-F…
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Medium 4.3
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in GitLab
An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions before 16.8.5, all versions starting from 16.9 before 16.9.3, all versions starting from 16.10 before 16.10.1. It was possible for an attacker to cause a denial of service using malicious cra…
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High 7.5
An issue was discovered in Couchbase Server 6.6.x through 7.2.0, before 7.1.5 and 7.2.1. Unauthenticated users may caus…
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Medium 6.5
A security vulnerability in HPE IceWall Agent products could be exploited remotely to cause a denial of service.
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High 7.5
VSeeFace through 1.13.38.c2 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (application hang) via a spoofed UDP packet c…
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Medium 5.3
Netty HttpPostRequestDecoder can OOM
Netty is an asynchronous event-driven network application framework for rapid development of maintainable high performance protocol servers & clients. The `HttpPostRequestDecoder` can be tricked to accumulate data. While the decoder can store items on the dis…
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Critical 9.8
net: lantiq: fix memory corruption in RX ring
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: lantiq: fix memory corruption in RX ring In a situation where memory allocation or dma mapping fails, an invalid address is programmed into the descriptor. This can lead to memory corrup…
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High 7.5
Varnish Cache before 7.3.2 and 7.4.x before 7.4.3 (and before 6.0.13 LTS), and Varnish Enterprise 6 before 6.0.12r6, al…
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Medium 6.5
node-tar vulnerable to denial of service while parsing a tar file due to lack of folders count validation
node-tar is a Tar for Node.js. node-tar prior to version 6.2.1 has no limit on the number of sub-folders created in the folder creation process. An attacker who generates a large number of sub-folders can consume memory on the system running node-tar and even…
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High 7.5
Server crash when using specific form of SET BIND statement
Firebird is a relational database. Versions 4.0.0 through 4.0.3 and version 5.0 beta1 are vulnerable to a server crash when a user uses a specific form of SET BIND statement. Any non-privileged user with minimum access to a server may type a statement with a …
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Low 3.1
Resource Exhaustion via the Invitation Feature
Resource Exhaustion in Mattermost Server versions 8.1.x before 8.1.10 fails to limit the size of the payload that can be read and parsed allowing an attacker to send a very large email payload and crash the server.
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High 8.6
Insecure renegotiation in SSL protocol caused Denial of service attack in Privileged Account Manager
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in OpenText NetIQ Privileged Account Manager on Linux, Windows, 64 bit allows Flooding.This issue affects NetIQ Privileged Account Manager: before 3.7.0.2.
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Medium 5.9
Unlimited resource allocation by QUIC CRYPTO frames flooding in quiche
Cloudflare Quiche (through version 0.19.1/0.20.0) was affected by an unlimited resource allocation vulnerability causing rapid increase of memory usage of the system running quiche server or client. A remote attacker could take advantage of this vulnerability…
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Medium 6.8
JWCrypto vulnerable to JWT bomb Attack in `deserialize` function
JWCrypto implements JWK, JWS, and JWE specifications using python-cryptography. Prior to version 1.5.6, an attacker can cause a denial of service attack by passing in a malicious JWE Token with a high compression ratio. When the server processes this token, i…
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Medium 6.5
Memory exhaustion in multipart form parsing in net/textproto and net/http
When parsing a multipart form (either explicitly with Request.ParseMultipartForm or implicitly with Request.FormValue, Request.PostFormValue, or Request.FormFile), limits on the total size of the parsed form were not applied to the memory consumed while readi…
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High 7.1
Information disclosure vulnerability
VMware ESXi, Workstation, and Fusion contain an information disclosure vulnerability in the UHCI USB controller. A malicious actor with administrative access to a virtual machine may be able to exploit this issue to leak memory from the vmx process.
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Medium 5.5
Bluetooth: hci_codec: Fix leaking content of local_codecs
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: hci_codec: Fix leaking content of local_codecs The following memory leak can be observed when the controller supports codecs which are stored in local_codecs list but the elements …
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Medium 6.0
HID: sony: Fix a potential memory leak in sony_probe()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: HID: sony: Fix a potential memory leak in sony_probe() If an error occurs after a successful usb_alloc_urb() call, usb_free_urb() should be called.
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Medium 5.5
crypto: sun8i-ss - Fix memory leak of object d when dma_iv fails to map
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: crypto: sun8i-ss - Fix memory leak of object d when dma_iv fails to map In the case where the dma_iv mapping fails, the return error path leaks the memory allocated to object d. Fix this by a…
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Medium 4.3
Mattermost fails to limit the number of role names
Mattermost versions 8.1.x before 8.1.9, 9.2.x before 9.2.5, 9.3.0, and 9.4.x before 9.4.2 fail to limit the number of role names requested from the API, allowing an authenticated attacker to cause the server to run out of memory and crash by issuing an unusua…
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High 7.5
LibHTP unbounded folded header handling leads to denial service
LibHTP is a security-aware parser for the HTTP protocol. Crafted traffic can cause excessive processing time of HTTP headers, leading to denial of service. This issue is addressed in 0.5.46.
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High 7.5
Jetty connection leaking on idle timeout when TCP congested
Jetty is a Java based web server and servlet engine. An HTTP/2 SSL connection that is established and TCP congested will be leaked when it times out. An attacker can cause many connections to end up in this state, and the server may run out of file descriptor…
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High 7.5
crafted traffic can cause denial of service
Suricata is a network Intrusion Detection System, Intrusion Prevention System and Network Security Monitoring engine. Prior to versions 6.0.16 and 7.0.3, an attacker can craft traffic to cause Suricata to use far more CPU and memory for processing the traffic…
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High 7.5
Suricata's pgsql: memory exhaustion use on record parsing
Suricata is a network Intrusion Detection System, Intrusion Prevention System and Network Security Monitoring engine. Prior to version 7.0.3, excessive memory use during pgsql parsing could lead to OOM-related crashes. This vulnerability is patched in 7.0.3. …
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High 7.5
Kerberos 5 (aka krb5) 1.21.2 contains a memory leak vulnerability in /krb5/src/lib/gssapi/krb5/k5sealv3.c.