Weakness (CWE)
CWE-79: Cross-site Scripting
The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Examples of libraries and frameworks that make it easier to generate properly encoded output include Microsoft's Anti-XSS library, the OWASP ESAPI Encoding module, and Apache Wicket.
-
Implementation, Architecture and Design
Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
For any data that will be output to another web page, especially any data that was received from external inputs, use the appropriate encoding on all non-alphanumeric characters.
Parts of the same output document may require different encodings, which will vary depending on whether the output is in the:
- HTML body
- Element attributes (such as src="XYZ")
- URIs
- JavaScript sections
- Cascading Style Sheets and style property
etc. Note that HTML Entity Encoding is only appropriate for the HTML body.
Consult the XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet [REF-724] for more details on the types of encoding and escaping that are needed.
-
Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
-
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
-
Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
-
Implementation
Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
The problem of inconsistent output encodings often arises in web pages. If an encoding is not specified in an HTTP header, web browsers often guess about which encoding is being used. This can open up the browser to subtle XSS attacks.
-
Implementation
With Struts, write all data from form beans with the bean's filter attribute set to true.
-
Implementation
To help mitigate XSS attacks against the user's session cookie, set the session cookie to be HttpOnly. In browsers that support the HttpOnly feature (such as more recent versions of Internet Explorer and Firefox), this attribute can prevent the user's session cookie from being accessible to malicious client-side scripts that use document.cookie. This is not a complete solution, since HttpOnly is not supported by all browsers. More importantly, XmlHttpRequest and other powerful browser technologies provide read access to HTTP headers, including the Set-Cookie header in which the HttpOnly flag is set.
Source: MITRE CWE-79
48 results · Clear filters · Feed
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-44267 Public exploit
Elo: Sandbox escape to arbitrary Node.js / browser code execution via unfiltered `.constructor` member access in Elo JavaScript emitter
Elo is a purely functional expression language for no-code tools. Prior to 1.0.1, plain Elo strings supplied to defaultFormats.elo.parse(), bin/elo, or elo-lang.org/try can use .constructor.constructor to reach JavaScript Function because the member_access ha…
-
Critical 9.6CVE-2026-88804 Public exploit
Unauthenticated update of public UI settings leading to stored cross-site scripting in Rancher
An unauthenticated update of public UI settings could be used by remote attackers to execute a stored cross-site scripting attack in the Rancher UI, in SUSE Rancher 2.15 before 2.15.2, 2.14 before 2.14.6, 2.13 before 2.13.10, 2.12 before 2.12.14 and 2.11 befo…
-
Critical 9.2CVE-2026-82090 Public exploit
Pocket through 8.33.0.0 allows XSS because "Save to Pocket" injects external HTML into the DOM. JavaScript code can al…
-
Critical 9.3CVE-2026-66421 Public exploit
OpenClaw Dashboard Stored XSS via lastMessage Session Field
OpenClaw Dashboard contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the administrator's browser session by injecting HTML markup into agent transcript messages processed throu…
-
Critical 9.3CVE-2026-66418 Public exploit
OpenClaw Dashboard v3.0.0 Stored XSS via Failed Login Username Field
OpenClaw Dashboard v3.0.0 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary HTML and script payloads by submitting a crafted username in a failed login POST request, which is recorded verbati…
-
Critical 9.1CVE-2026-30862 Public exploit
Critical Stored XSS & Privilege Escalation in Appsmith
Appsmith is a platform to build admin panels, internal tools, and dashboards. Prior to 1.96, a Critical Stored XSS vulnerability exists in the Table Widget (TableWidgetV2). The root cause is a lack of HTML sanitization in the React component rendering pipelin…
-
Critical 9.0CVE-2025-68723 Public exploit
Axigen Mail Server before 10.5.57 contains multiple stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the WebAdmin i…
-
Critical 9.3CVE-2025-67876 Public exploit
ChurchCRM has Stored XSS in Group Role Name Leading to Admin Session Hijacking
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. A stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in ChurchCRM versions 6.4.0 and prior that allows a low-privilege user with the “Manage Groups” permission to inject persistent JavaScript into grou…
-
Critical 9.0CVE-2025-56795 Public exploit
Mealie 3.0.1 and earlier is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in the recipe creation functionality. Unsan…
-
Critical 9.4CVE-2025-34157 Public exploit
Coolify Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in Project Name Field
Coolify versions prior to v4.0.0-beta.420.6 are vulnerable to a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) attack in the project creation workflow. An authenticated user with low privileges can create a project with a maliciously crafted name containing embedded JavaS…
-
Critical 9.6CVE-2025-50754 Public exploit
Unisite CMS version 5.0 contains a stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the "Report" functionality. A mal…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2025-50738 Public exploit
Memos has Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability in Image URLs
The Memos application, up to version v0.24.3, allows for the embedding of markdown images with arbitrary URLs. When a user views a memo containing such an image, their browser automatically fetches the image URL without explicit user consent or interaction be…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2025-44136 Public exploit
MapTiler Tileserver-php v2.0 is vulnerable to Cross Site Scripting (XSS). The GET parameter "layer" is reflected in an …
-
Critical 9.8
Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in MailEnable before v10 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code vi…
-
Critical 9.3CVE-2024-57428 Public exploit
A stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in PHPJabbers Cinema Booking System v2.0 exists due to unsanitized in…
-
Critical 9.6CVE-2024-12641 Public exploit
Chunghwa Telecom TenderDocTransfer - Reflected Cross-site Scripting to RCE
TenderDocTransfer from Chunghwa Telecom has a Reflected Cross-site scripting vulnerability. The application sets up a simple local web server and provides APIs for communication with the target website. Due to the lack of CSRF protection for the APIs, unauthe…
-
Critical 9.0CVE-2024-6516 Public exploit
Cross Site Scripting XSS
Cross Site Scripting vulnerabilities where found providing a potential for malicious scripts to be injected into a client browser. Affected products: ABB ASPECT - Enterprise v3.08.02; NEXUS Series v3.08.02; MATRIX Series v3.08.02
-
Critical 9.3
A cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in pfsense v2.5.2 allows attackers to execute arbitrary web scripts or HTML …
-
Critical 10.0CVE-2024-47875 Public exploit
DOMPurify nesting-based mXSS
DOMPurify is a DOM-only, super-fast, uber-tolerant XSS sanitizer for HTML, MathML and SVG. DOMpurify was vulnerable to nesting-based mXSS. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.0 and 3.1.3.
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2024-45265 Public exploit
A SQL injection vulnerability in the poll component in SkySystem Arfa-CMS before 5.1.3124 allows remote attackers to ex…
-
Critical 9.1CVE-2024-43400 Public exploit
XWiki Platform allows XSS through XClass name in string properties
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. It is possible for a user without Script or Programming rights to craft a URL pointing to a page with arbitrary JavaScript. This requires social engineer …
-
Critical 9.3
A Cross-Site Scripting vulnerability in rcmail_action_mail_get->run() in Roundcube through 1.5.7 and 1.6.x through 1.6.…
-
Critical 9.3
A Cross-Site Scripting vulnerability in Roundcube through 1.5.7 and 1.6.x through 1.6.7 allows a remote attacker to ste…
KEV Jun 9, 2025 -
Critical 9.1CVE-2024-41947 Public exploit
XWiki Platform XSS through conflict resolution
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. By creating a conflict when another user with more rights is currently editing a page, it is possible to execute JavaScript snippets on the side of the ot…
-
Critical 9.7
PrestaShop vulnerable to XSS via customer contact form in FO, through file upload
PrestaShop is an open source e-commerce web application. A cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability that only affects PrestaShops with customer-thread feature flag enabled is present starting from PrestaShop 8.1.0 and prior to PrestaShop 8.1.6. When the custo…
-
Critical 9.7CVE-2024-34070 Public exploit
Froxlor Vulnerable to Blind XSS Leading to Froxlor Application Compromise
Froxlor is open source server administration software. Prior to 2.1.9, a Stored Blind Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability was identified in the Failed Login Attempts Logging Feature of the Froxlor Application. An unauthenticated User can inject malicious…
-
Critical 9.1
NextChat vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery and Cross-site Scripting
NextChat, also known as ChatGPT-Next-Web, is a cross-platform chat user interface for use with ChatGPT. Versions 2.11.2 and prior are vulnerable to server-side request forgery and cross-site scripting. This vulnerability enables read access to internal HTTP e…
-
Critical 9.6CVE-2024-25292 Public exploit
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in RenderTune v1.1.4 allows attackers to execute arbitrary web scripts or HTML…
-
Critical 9.6CVE-2023-48974 Public exploit
Cross Site Scripting vulnerability in Axigen WebMail prior to 10.3.3.61 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges…
-
Critical 9.1CVE-2023-37908 Public exploit
org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-xml Improper Neutralization of Invalid Characters in Identifiers in Web Pages vulnerability
XWiki Rendering is a generic Rendering system that converts textual input in a given syntax into another syntax. The cleaning of attributes during XHTML rendering, introduced in version 14.6-rc-1, allowed the injection of arbitrary HTML code and thus cross-si…
-
Critical 10.0CVE-2022-4361 Public exploit
Keycloak vulnerable to cross-site scripting when validating URI-schemes on SAML and OIDC
Keycloak, an open-source identity and access management solution, has a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the SAML or OIDC providers. The vulnerability can allow an attacker to execute malicious scripts by setting the AssertionConsumerServiceURL val…
-
Critical 9.1CVE-2023-36471 Public exploit
HTML sanitizer allows form elements in restricted in org.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-xml
Xwiki commons is the common modules used by other XWiki top level projects. The HTML sanitizer that is included in XWiki since version 14.6RC1 allowed form and input HTML tags. In the context of XWiki, this allows an attacker without script right to either cr…
-
Critical 9.0CVE-2023-31703 Public exploit
Cross Site Scripting (XSS) in the edit user form in Microworld Technologies eScan management console 14.0.1400.2281 all…
-
Critical 9.1CVE-2023-32070 Public exploit
Improper Neutralization of Script in Attributes in XWiki (X)HTML renderers
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform. Prior to version 14.6-rc-1, HTML rendering didn't check for dangerous attributes/attribute values. This allowed cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via attributes and link URLs, e.g., supported in XWiki syntax. This h…
-
Critical 9.1CVE-2023-31126 Public exploit
Improper Neutralization of Invalid Characters in Data Attribute Names in org.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-xml
`org.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-xml` is an XML library used by the open-source wiki platform XWiki. The HTML sanitizer, introduced in version 14.6-rc-1, allows the injection of arbitrary HTML code and thus cross-site scripting via invalid data attributes. Th…
-
Critical 9.6CVE-2022-47877 Public exploit
A Stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in Jedox 2020.2.5 allows remote, authenticated users to inject arbitrary we…
-
Critical 9.1CVE-2023-29528 Public exploit
Cross-site Scripting in org.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-xml
XWiki Commons are technical libraries common to several other top level XWiki projects. The "restricted" mode of the HTML cleaner in XWiki, introduced in version 4.2-milestone-1 and massively improved in version 14.6-rc-1, allowed the injection of arbitrary H…
-
Critical 9.1CVE-2023-29201 Public exploit
org.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-xml Cross-site Scripting vulnerability
XWiki Commons are technical libraries common to several other top level XWiki projects. The "restricted" mode of the HTML cleaner in XWiki, introduced in version 4.2-milestone-1, only escaped `<script>` and `<style>`-tags but neither attributes that can be us…
-
Critical 9.0CVE-2022-48311 Public exploit
**UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED** Cross Site Scripting (XSS) in HP Deskjet 2540 series printer Firmware Version CEP1FN1418B…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2022-4407 Public exploit
Cross-site Scripting (XSS) - Reflected in thorsten/phpmyfaq
Cross-site Scripting (XSS) - Reflected in GitHub repository thorsten/phpmyfaq prior to 3.1.9.