Weakness (CWE)
CWE-829: Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
The product imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Source: MITRE CWE-829
58 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.6
In JetBrains CLion before 2026.2 code execution was possible in Safe Mode via JSON compilation database
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Critical 9.6
In JetBrains CLion before 2026.2, 2026.1.4 code execution was possible in Safe Mode via Meson project settings
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Critical 9.1
Distributed-workloads: github actions pinned by mutable tag/branch, including third-party snyk/actions/setup@master
A flaw was found in distributed-workloads. A remote attacker could exploit a vulnerability in the pull_request_target workflow by submitting a specially crafted pull request. This workflow processes untrusted code from the pull request author while operating …
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Critical 9.3
Monkeytype: fork PR can execute code with elevated GITHUB_TOKEN
Monkeytype is a minimalistic and customizable typing test. Prior to 26.43.0, the .github/workflows/fix-formatting.yml workflow runs on pull_request_target with repository write permissions, checks out a fork pull request, installs dependencies from the fork's…
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Critical 9.9
Argo CD: A Kustomize Helm config home can run commands in the repo-server
Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. From 2.1.0 until 3.3.15, 3.4.10, 3.5.4, and 3.6.0-rc2, when an operator has enabled --enable-helm for kustomize build, helmGlobals.configHome can point Helm's config and data directorie…
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Critical 10.0
Salty documentation workflow executes fork-controlled Python build hooks with deployment secrets
The Salty documentation repository builds and deploys the docs.saltbox.dev website. Prior to commit 649c9aea2daef1168eeb0415b44e65dbbde9f220, .github/workflows/trigger-pr-build.yml records an untrusted fork commit in the pr_info artifact, and the secret-beari…
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Critical 9.9CVE-2026-105080 Public exploit
In ConvertX before 0.19.0, converters/calibre.ts does not block recipe files, and instead passes them to the ebook-conv…
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Critical 9.8
CVE-2026-104056
Authlib version 1.7.2 and below contains a vulnerability where discovery JSON metadata is cached without validation or issuer-origin binding. This allows a poisoned discovery response to replace all endpoint values with attacker-controlled values rather than …
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Critical 9.2
Fireware OS Code Injection in BOVPN Over TLS Client Allows Remote Code Execution
A code injection vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware OS's BOVPN Over TLS client configuration handling allows an attacker who controls the remote VPN server to execute arbitrary commands as root on the connecting Firebox.
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Critical 9.6
NetBox Device Type Library: Insecure Pickle Deserialization in Test Suite Allows Remote Code Execution via Malicious Pull Request
NetBox Device Type Library is a collection of community-sourced device type definitions for import into NetBox. The validation test harness can deserialize pull-request-controlled tracked pickle cache files through pickle.load in the read_pickle_data function…
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Critical 9.9
vm2 before 3.11.7 Module Allowlist Bypass via Custom Resolver
vm2 before 3.11.7 contains an incorrect authorization vulnerability in the external package allowlist check that uses non-exact substring matching instead of full package-name boundary validation. Attackers can bypass the allowlist by requiring a colliding pa…
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Critical 10.0
Critical flaw impacting OZOLS ERP's automatic update channel
Download of code without integrity check, inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere, and cleartext transmission of sensitive information vulnerability in Ozols Grupa OZOLS on Windows caused by an abandoned auto-update domain. Affected component…
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Critical 9.4
MyBooks: Remote Code Execution via SOCIAL_AUTH Key Name Injection in Python Config File
MyBooks is an enhanced and easy-to-use personal ebook management web server also known as Talebook. In 3.41.2 and earlier, the AdminSettings.post handler in webserver/handlers/admin.py accepts SOCIAL_AUTH key names without validating quotes or newline charact…
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Critical 9.0
Acm-search-v2-rhel9: search-v2-operator: hub search cr collector.imageoverride propagated to every spoke as arbitrary container image
A flaw was found in acm-search-v2-rhel9. An attacker with administrative privileges on the hub cluster, specifically with patch access to the Search Custom Resource (CR), could exploit a vulnerability in the `Collector.ImageOverride` field. This allows the at…
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Critical 9.8
Google::Auth versions before 0.06 for Perl run a command named in an external_account credentials JSON via an ungated system call
Google::Auth versions before 0.06 for Perl run a command named in an external_account credentials JSON via an ungated system call. The Pluggable subclass reads credential_source.executable.command from the credentials JSON and runs it as `system($command)`, a…
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Critical 10.0
Meshtastic GitHub repo vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution via pull_request_target Fork Checkout in CI Workflow
Meshtastic is an open source mesh networking solution. Prior to version 2.7.21.1370b23, the Meshtastic GitHub repository's main_matrix.yml workflow is triggered by pull_request_target and multiple jobs check out the attacker's fork code and execute it with ac…
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Critical 9.3
Kiota: Path/URL injection into generated Copilot plugin manifest via x-ai-* extensions
Kiota is an OpenAPI based HTTP Client code generator. Prior to 1.29.1 and 1.32.5, `kiota plugin add` and `kiota plugin generate` (with `-t APIPlugin`) emitted attacker-controlled static_template.file values from x-ai-adaptive-card and x-ai-capabilities into g…
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Critical 9.3
Kiota: Command injection via x-ms-kiota-info dependencyInstallCommand surfaced by `kiota info`
Kiota is an OpenAPI based HTTP Client code generator. Prior to 1.29.1 and 1.32.5, `kiota info` read x-ms-kiota-info.languagesInformation.<language>.dependencyInstallCommand plus dependency name and version values from an OpenAPI description and presented the …
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Critical 9.3
FastGPT: Untrusted PR artifacts are pushed and deployed by privileged preview workflows
FastGPT is a knowledge-based AI application platform. At commit 22ebfacbb43311e9b73294040ae0eb87390c6bba and earlier, artifacts built from untrusted pull request code in .github/workflows/preview-docs-build.yml and .github/workflows/preview-fastgpt-build.yml …
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Critical 9.8
LLaMA-Factory 0.9.5 Remote Code Execution via WebUI Model Path
LLaMA-Factory through 0.9.5 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows attackers with WebUI access to execute arbitrary Python code by supplying a malicious model path in the Chat or Training interfaces. The application passes user-supplied mo…
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Critical 9.3
MISP remote code execution via arbitrary rdkafka configuration path
MISP allowed an authenticated site administrator to set the Kafka_rdkafka_config setting to an arbitrary filesystem path. MISP subsequently parsed the referenced INI file and passed its options to rdkafka. A crafted attacker-controlled configuration file coul…
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Critical 9.5
Duck Site: Untrusted pull request code can trigger privileged production deployment
In Duck Site before version 1.0.1, the repository has a deploy workflow that runs after the build workflow completes. The build workflow runs on pull requests, while the deploy workflow runs with package-write permissions and deployment secrets. If an attacke…
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Critical 9.5CVE-2026-47172 Public exploit
Quest Bot: Untrusted pull request code can be built and deployed by privileged `workflow_run` deployment.
Quest Bot is an opensource modern Discord Bot built for moderation, utilities and support. Prior to version 1.0.3, the repository has a privileged deploy workflow that runs after the unprivileged build workflow completes. The build workflow runs on pull reque…
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Critical 9.3
Compromise of PyTorch Lightning PyPi Package Versions
PyTorch Lightning is a deep learning framework to pretrain and finetune AI models. Versions 2.6.2 and 2.6.2 have introduced functionality consistent with a credential harvesting mechanism.
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Critical 9.9
vm2: NodeVM builtin allowlist bypass via `module` builtin's `Module._load` allows sandbox escape
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, NodeVM's builtin allowlist can be bypassed when the module builtin is allowed (including via the '*' wildcard). The module builtin exposes Node's Module._load(), which loads any module by name dir…
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Critical 9.4
PraisonAI MCP `tools/call` path-traversal and RCE via Python `.pth` injection
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 4.6.34, PraisonAI's MCP (Model Context Protocol) server (praisonai mcp serve) registers four file-handling tools by default — praisonai.rules.create, praisonai.rules.show, praisonai.rules.delete, and p…
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Critical 9.4
electerm: dangerous code can be run through links or command line
electerm is an open-sourced terminal/ssh/sftp/telnet/serialport/RDP/VNC/Spice/ftp client. From versions 3.0.6 to before 3.8.15, electerm is vulnerable to arbitrary local code execution via deep links, CLI --opts, or crafted shortcuts. Exploit requires clickin…
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Critical 9.1
Goshs - ArtiPACKED Vulnerability – GitHub Actions Credential Persistence
goshs is a SimpleHTTPServer written in Go. Prior to 2.0.0-beta.6, goshs has an ArtiPACKED vulnerability. ArtiPACKED can lead to leakage of the GITHUB_TOKEN through workflow artifacts, even though the token is not present in the repository source code. This vu…
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Critical 9.3
Luanti 5 before 5.15.2, when LuaJIT is used, allows a Lua sandbox escape via a crafted mod.
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Critical 9.1
PraisonAI: ArtiPACKED Vulnerability via GitHub Actions Credential Persistence
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. In versions 4.5.139 and below, the GitHub Actions workflows are vulnerable to ArtiPACKED attack, a known credential leakage vector caused by using actions/checkout without setting persist-credentials: false. By default…
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Critical 9.3
PraisonAI Affected by Untrusted Remote Template Code Execution
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.128, PraisonAI treats remotely fetched template files as trusted executable code without integrity verification, origin validation, or user confirmation, enabling supply chain attacks through malicious tem…
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Critical 9.3
omd: Local privilege escalation when executing omd commands as root
Local privilege escalation in Checkmk 2.2.0 (EOL), Checkmk 2.3.0 before 2.3.0p46, Checkmk 2.4.0 before 2.4.0p25, and Checkmk 2.5.0 (beta) before 2.5.0b3 allows a site user to escalate their privileges to root, by manipulating files in the site context that ar…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2026-33075 Public exploit
FastGPT has Arbitrary Code Execution in GitHub Actions via pull_request_target in fastgpt-preview-image.yml
FastGPT is an AI Agent building platform. In versions 4.14.8.3 and below, the fastgpt-preview-image.yml workflow is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution and secret exfiltration by any external contributor. It uses pull_request_target (which runs with access…
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Critical 9.8
An issue pertaining to CWE-829: Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere was discovered in Miazzy oa-fr…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-27941 Public exploit
OpenLIT Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution and Secret Exposure via Misuse of `pull_request_target` in GitHub Actions Workflows
OpenLIT is an open source platform for AI engineering. Prior to version 1.37.1, several GitHub Actions workflows in OpenLIT's GitHub repository use the `pull_request_target` event while checking out and executing untrusted code from forked pull requests. Thes…
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Critical 9.6
OpenS100 Portrayal Engine Unrestricted Lua Standard Library Access
OpenS100 (the reference implementation S-100 viewer) prior to commit 753cf29 contains a remote code execution vulnerability via an unrestricted Lua interpreter. The Portrayal Engine initializes Lua using luaL_openlibs() without sandboxing or capability restri…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-1699 Public exploit
In the Eclipse Theia Website repository, the GitHub Actions workflow .github/workflows/preview.yml used pull_request_ta…
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Critical 9.8
Langflow exec_globals Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Langflow exec_globals Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Langflow. Authentication is not required to e…
KEV Jul 21, 2026 -
Critical 10.0
FASTJSON Includes Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Fastjson before 1.2.48 mishandles autoType because, when an @type key is in a JSON document, and the value of that key is the name of a Java class, there may be calls to certain public methods of that class. Depending on the behavior of those methods, there m…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2025-65964 Public exploit
n8n Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Git Node Custom Pre-Commit Hook
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Versions 0.123.1 through 1.119.1 do not have adequate protections to prevent RCE through the project's pre-commit hooks. The Add Config operation allows workflows to set arbitrary Git configuration values, i…