Skip to content
OpenAdvisories

Weakness (CWE)

CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command

Base

The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.

How to prevent it (8 mitigations)

  1. Architecture and Design

    Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

    For example, consider using persistence layers such as Hibernate or Enterprise Java Beans, which can provide significant protection against SQL injection if used properly.

  2. Architecture and Design

    If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.

    Process SQL queries using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or stored procedures. These features should accept parameters or variables and support strong typing. Do not dynamically construct and execute query strings within these features using "exec" or similar functionality, since this may re-introduce the possibility of SQL injection. [REF-867]

  3. Architecture and Design, Operation

    Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

    Specifically, follow the principle of least privilege when creating user accounts to a SQL database. The database users should only have the minimum privileges necessary to use their account. If the requirements of the system indicate that a user can read and modify their own data, then limit their privileges so they cannot read/write others' data. Use the strictest permissions possible on all database objects, such as execute-only for stored procedures.

  4. Architecture and Design

    For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

  5. Implementation

    While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).

    Instead of building a new implementation, such features may be available in the database or programming language. For example, the Oracle DBMS_ASSERT package can check or enforce that parameters have certain properties that make them less vulnerable to SQL injection. For MySQL, the mysql_real_escape_string() API function is available in both C and PHP.

  6. Implementation

    Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.

    When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."

    Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.

    When constructing SQL query strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.

    Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing SQL injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent SQL injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, the name "O'Reilly" would likely pass the validation step, since it is a common last name in the English language. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the database because it contains the "'" apostrophe character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the apostrophe might reduce the risk of SQL injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the wrong name would be recorded.

    When feasible, it may be safest to disallow meta-characters entirely, instead of escaping them. This will provide some defense in depth. After the data is entered into the database, later processes may neglect to escape meta-characters before use, and you may not have control over those processes.

  7. Architecture and Design

    When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

  8. Implementation

    Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.

    If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.

    Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.

    In the context of SQL Injection, error messages revealing the structure of a SQL query can help attackers tailor successful attack strings.

Source: MITRE CWE-89

All Critical High Medium Low Exploited only Public exploit

650 results · Clear filters · Feed

  • Critical 9.8
    CVE-2024-32640 Public exploit EPSS 78%

    MasaCMS SQL Injection vulnerability

    MASA CMS is an Enterprise Content Management platform based on open source technology. Versions prior to 7.4.5, 7.3.12, and 7.2.7 contain a SQL injection vulnerability in the `processAsyncObject` method that can result in remote code execution. Versions 7.4.5…

    MasaCMS MasaCMS
  • Critical 10.0
    CVE-2012-10047 Public exploit

    Cyclope Employee Surveillance Solution v6.x SQL Injection

    Cyclope Employee Surveillance Solution versions 6.x are vulnerable to a SQL injection flaw in its login mechanism. The username parameter in the auth-login POST request is not properly sanitized, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary SQL statements. This can…

    Cyclope-Series Cyclope Employee Surveillance Solution
  • High 8.8
    CVE-2025-52914 Public exploit

    A vulnerability in the Suite Applications Services component of Mitel MiCollab 10.0 through SP1 FP1 (10.0.1.101) could …

  • Critical 9.8
    CVE-2025-50341 Public exploit

    A Boolean-based SQL injection vulnerability was discovered in Axelor 5.2.4 via the _domain parameter. An attacker can m…

  • High 7.3
    CVE-2025-8471 Public exploit

    projectworlds Online Admission System adminlogin.php sql injection

    A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in projectworlds Online Admission System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /adminlogin.php. The manipulation of the argument a_id leads to sql injection. The attack ma…

    projectworlds Online Admission System
  • High 8.7
    CVE-2013-10044 Public exploit

    OpenEMR ≤ 4.1.1 SQL Injection Privilege Escalation and RCE

    An authenticated SQL injection vulnerability exists in OpenEMR ≤ 4.1.1 Patch 14 that allows a low-privileged attacker to extract administrator credentials and subsequently escalate privileges. Once elevated, the attacker can exploit an unrestricted file uploa…

    OpenEMR Foundation OpenEMR
  • High 8.7
    CVE-2025-41373 Public exploit

    SQL injection vulnerability in Gandia Integra Total

    A SQL injection vulnerability has been found in Gandia Integra Total of TESI from version 2.1.2217.3 to v4.4.2236.1. The vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker to retrieve, create, update and delete databases through the 'idestudio' parameter in /encu…

    TESI Gandia Integra Total
  • Critical 10.0
    CVE-2014-125123 Public exploit

    Kloxo < 6.1.12 Unauthenticated SQL Injection RCE

    An unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability exists in the Kloxo web hosting control panel (developed by LXCenter) prior to version 6.1.12. The flaw resides in the login-name parameter passed to lbin/webcommand.php, which fails to properly sanitize input, a…

    LXCenter Kloxo
  • Critical 9.3
    CVE-2013-10033 Public exploit

    Kimai 0.9.2 db_restore.php SQL Injection

    An unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability exists in Kimai version 0.9.2.x via the db_restore.php endpoint. The flaw allows attackers to inject arbitrary SQL queries into the dates[] POST parameter, enabling file write via INTO OUTFILE under specific envi…

    Kimai Project Kimai
  • Critical 9.5
    CVE-2013-10043 Public exploit

    Astium VOIP PBX <= 2.1 SQL Injection File Upload RCE

    A vulnerability exists in OAstium VoIP PBX astium-confweb-2.1-25399 and earlier, where improper input validation in the logon.php script allows an attacker to bypass authentication via SQL injection. Once authenticated as an administrator, the attacker can up…

    Astium VoIP PBX
  • Medium 6.5
    CVE-2024-34327 Public exploit

    Sielox AnyWare v2.1.2 was discovered to contain a SQL injection vulnerability via the email address field of the passwo…

  • Medium 6.5
    CVE-2025-50867 Public exploit

    A SQL Injection vulnerability exists in the takeassessment2.php endpoint of the CloudClassroom-PHP-Project 1.0, where t…

  • Medium 6.4
    CVE-2024-43018 Public exploit

    Piwigo 13.8.0 and below is vulnerable to SQL Injection in the parameters max_level and min_register. These parameters a…

  • High 8.1
    CVE-2025-45346 Public exploit

    Bacula-web SQL Injection Vulnerability

    SQL Injection vulnerability in Bacula-web before v.9.7.1 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted HTTP GET request.

    bacula-web/bacula-web Packagist
  • High 7.7
    CVE-2025-51970 Public exploit

    A SQL Injection vulnerability exists in the action.php endpoint of PuneethReddyHC Online Shopping System Advanced 1.0 d…

  • High 7.3
    CVE-2025-8220 Public exploit

    Engeman Web Password Recovery RecoveryPass sql injection

    A vulnerability has been found in Engeman Web up to 12.0.0.2. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /Login/RecoveryPass of the component Password Recovery Page. The manipulation of the argument LanguageCombobox as part of Cookie leads to sql…

    Engeman Web
  • Critical 10.0
    CVE-2014-125115 Public exploit

    Pandora FMS ≤ 5.0 SP2 Default Credential SQL Injection RCE

    An unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability exists in Pandora FMS version 5.0 SP2 and earlier. The mobile/index.php endpoint fails to properly sanitize user input in the loginhash_data parameter, allowing attackers to extract administrator credentials or a…

    Artica ST Pandora FMS
  • Medium 6.5
    CVE-2025-44608 Public exploit

    CloudClassroom-PHP Project v1.0 was discovered to contain a SQL injection vulnerability via the viewid parameter.

  • Critical 9.3
    CVE-2025-32429 Public exploit EPSS 85%

    XWiki Platform vulnerable to SQL injection through getdeleteddocuments.vm template sort parameter

    XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. In versions 9.4-rc-1 through 16.10.5 and 17.0.0-rc-1 through 17.2.2, it's possible for anyone to inject SQL using the parameter sort of the getdeleteddocu…

    xwiki xwiki-platform org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-distribution-war Maven
  • Critical 9.8
    CVE-2025-4822 Public exploit

    SQLi in Bayraktar Solar Energies' ScadaWatt Otopilot

    Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in Bayraktar Solar Energies ScadaWatt Otopilot allows SQL Injection. This issue affects ScadaWatt Otopilot: before 27.05.2025.

    Bayraktar Solar Energies ScadaWatt Otopilot
  • Medium 6.3
    CVE-2025-8018 Public exploit

    code-projects Food Ordering Review System reservation_page.php sql injection

    A vulnerability was found in code-projects Food Ordering Review System 1.0. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /user/reservation_page.php. The manipulation of the argument reg_Id leads to s…

    code-projects Food Ordering Review System
  • Medium 6.5
    CVE-2025-51458 Public exploit

    SQL Injection in editor_sql_run and query_ex in eosphoros-ai DB-GPT 0.7.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary …

  • High 8.7
    CVE-2025-49484 Public exploit

    Extension - joomsky.com - SQL injection in JS jobs component version 1.1.5 - 1.4.1 for Joomla

    A SQL injection vulnerability in the JS Jobs plugin versions 1.0.0-1.4.1 for Joomla allows low-privilege users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the 'cvid' parameter in the employee application feature.

    joomsky.com JS Jobs component for Joomla Web / CMS
  • High 7.3
    CVE-2025-7753 Public exploit

    code-projects Online Appointment Booking System adddoctor.php sql injection

    A vulnerability was found in code-projects Online Appointment Booking System 1.0. It has been classified as critical. This affects an unknown part of the file /admin/adddoctor.php. The manipulation of the argument Username leads to sql injection. It is possib…

    code-projects Online Appointment Booking System
  • Critical 9.6
    CVE-2025-25257 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 100%

    An improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability [CWE-89] vulnerab…

    Fortinet FortiWeb Network devices
    KEV Jul 18, 2025
  • Critical 10.0
    CVE-2025-34112 Public exploit

    Riverbed SteelCentral NetProfiler / NetExpress 10.8.7 RCE

    An authenticated multi-stage remote code execution vulnerability exists in Riverbed SteelCentral NetProfiler and NetExpress 10.8.7 virtual appliances. A SQL injection vulnerability in the '/api/common/1.0/login' endpoint can be exploited to create a new user …

    Riverbed Technology SteelCentral NetExpress SteelCentral NetProfiler
  • High 7.3
    CVE-2025-7606 Public exploit

    code-projects AVL Rooms city.php sql injection

    A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in code-projects AVL Rooms 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /city.php. The manipulation of the argument city leads to sql injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit…

    code-projects AVL Rooms
  • High 7.3
    CVE-2025-7605 Public exploit

    code-projects AVL Rooms profile.php sql injection

    A vulnerability was found in code-projects AVL Rooms 1.0. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /profile.php. The manipulation of the argument first_name leads to sql injection. The attack may be launc…

    code-projects AVL Rooms
  • Medium 6.3
    CVE-2025-7558 Public exploit

    code-projects Voting System positions_add.php sql injection

    A vulnerability was found in code-projects Voting System 1.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /admin/positions_add.php. The manipulation of the argument description leads to sql injection. The attack…

    code-projects Voting System
  • High 7.3
    CVE-2025-7461 Public exploit

    code-projects Modern Bag action.php sql injection

    A vulnerability was found in code-projects Modern Bag 1.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /action.php. The manipulation of the argument proId leads to sql injection. The attack may be launched remot…

    code-projects Modern Bag
  • Critical 9.3
    CVE-2025-34102 Public exploit

    CryptoLog Unauthenticated RCE via SQL Injection and Command Injection

    A remote code execution vulnerability exists in CryptoLog (PHP version, discontinued since 2009) due to a chained exploitation of SQL injection and command injection vulnerabilities. An unauthenticated attacker can gain shell access as the web server user by …

    Crypttech CryptoLog
  • High 7.5
    CVE-2025-6970 Public exploit EPSS 56%

    Events Manager <= 7.0.3 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection via `orderby` Parameter

    The Events Manager – Calendar, Bookings, Tickets, and more! plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to time-based SQL Injection via the ‘orderby’ parameter in all versions up to, and including, 7.0.3 due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and …

    netweblogic Events Manager – Calendar, Bookings, Tickets, and more! Web / CMS
  • High 8.0
    CVE-2025-47178 Public exploit

    Microsoft Configuration Manager Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

    Improper neutralization of special elements used in an sql command ('sql injection') in Microsoft Configuration Manager allows an authorized attacker to execute code over an adjacent network.

    Microsoft Microsoft Configuration Manager
  • High 7.5
    CVE-2025-6782 Public exploit

    GoZen Forms <= 1.1.5 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection via dirGZActiveForm()

    The GoZen Forms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the 'forms-id' parameter of the dirGZActiveForm() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.5 due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lack of sufficient p…

    optinlyhq GoZen Forms Web / CMS
  • High 7.5
    CVE-2025-6783 Public exploit

    GoZen Forms <= 1.1.5 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection via emdedSc()

    The GoZen Forms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the 'forms-id' parameter of the emdedSc() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.5 due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lack of sufficient preparati…

    optinlyhq GoZen Forms Web / CMS
  • Medium 5.4
    CVE-2025-45809 Public exploit

    SQL Injection vulnerability in BerriAI LiteLLM before 1.81.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the key…

  • High 7.3
    CVE-2025-6907 Public exploit

    code-projects Car Rental System book_car.php sql injection

    A vulnerability classified as critical was found in code-projects Car Rental System 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /book_car.php. The manipulation of the argument fname leads to sql injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. Th…

    code-projects Car Rental System
  • Medium 4.7
    CVE-2025-6867 Public exploit

    SourceCodester Simple Company Website manage.php sql injection

    A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Simple Company Website 1.0 and classified as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /admin/services/manage.php. The manipulation of the argument ID leads to sql injection. The attack may be…

    SourceCodester Simple Company Website
  • Medium 6.3
    CVE-2025-6860 Public exploit

    SourceCodester Best Salon Management System staff_commision.php sql injection

    A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Best Salon Management System 1.0. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /panel/staff_commision.php. The manipulation of the argument fromdate/todate leads to sql injec…

    SourceCodester Best Salon Management System
  • Critical 9.8
    CVE-2025-26198 Public exploit

    CloudClassroom-PHP-Project v1.0 contains a critical SQL Injection vulnerability in the loginlinkadmin.php component. Th…