Weakness (CWE)
CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command
The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
For example, consider using persistence layers such as Hibernate or Enterprise Java Beans, which can provide significant protection against SQL injection if used properly.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Process SQL queries using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or stored procedures. These features should accept parameters or variables and support strong typing. Do not dynamically construct and execute query strings within these features using "exec" or similar functionality, since this may re-introduce the possibility of SQL injection. [REF-867]
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Specifically, follow the principle of least privilege when creating user accounts to a SQL database. The database users should only have the minimum privileges necessary to use their account. If the requirements of the system indicate that a user can read and modify their own data, then limit their privileges so they cannot read/write others' data. Use the strictest permissions possible on all database objects, such as execute-only for stored procedures.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
Instead of building a new implementation, such features may be available in the database or programming language. For example, the Oracle DBMS_ASSERT package can check or enforce that parameters have certain properties that make them less vulnerable to SQL injection. For MySQL, the mysql_real_escape_string() API function is available in both C and PHP.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When constructing SQL query strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing SQL injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent SQL injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, the name "O'Reilly" would likely pass the validation step, since it is a common last name in the English language. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the database because it contains the "'" apostrophe character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the apostrophe might reduce the risk of SQL injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the wrong name would be recorded.
When feasible, it may be safest to disallow meta-characters entirely, instead of escaping them. This will provide some defense in depth. After the data is entered into the database, later processes may neglect to escape meta-characters before use, and you may not have control over those processes.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
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Implementation
Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
In the context of SQL Injection, error messages revealing the structure of a SQL query can help attackers tailor successful attack strings.
Source: MITRE CWE-89
6,403 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 7.3
mathurvishal CloudClassroom-PHP-Project facultydetails.php sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in mathurvishal CloudClassroom-PHP-Project. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file facultydetails.php. The manipulation of the argument deleteid leads to sql injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The …
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High 7.2
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High 7.5
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High 7.4
Elo: Code injection in Elo backends via unvalidated emission of programmatic AST fields
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High 7.2
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High 7.1
psqlODBC does not escape a server-supplied column name in its updatable-cursor queries
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High 7.5
psqlODBC SQL injection through SQLSpecialColumns table and schema names
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High 7.9
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High 7.1
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High 7.5
SQL Injection in Starnet Computer Systems' Inventory Tracking Application
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High 8.7
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High 7.3
dayrui XunRuiCMS Member View.php View sql injection
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High 7.3
mathurvishal CloudClassroom-PHP-Project viewquery.php sql injection
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High 7.5
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High 7.5
FunnelKit Automations <= 3.8.5.2 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection via 'bwfan_cart_id' Parameter
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High 7.2
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High 7.3
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High 7.5
CoreShop through 1.5.5 SQL Injection via order Parameter in Agent/GetGoodsPageList
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High 7.5
CoreShop through 1.5.5 SQL Injection via order Parameter in GetGoodsPageList
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High 7.1
Dell OpenManage Enterprise, versions prior to 4.8.0, contains an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an…
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High 8.4
SQL Injection in Protectel
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High 8.4
SQL Injection in Protectel
ARKETEAM Protectel modules PROTECTELMAJ and BDF are vulnerable to SQL injection vulnerability. Improper neutralization of input provided by a low privileged user into "Utilisateur" parameter allows for SQL Injection attacks. This issue has been fixed in: PROT…
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High 8.1
CakePHP through 5.4.3 SQL Injection via StringExpression and IdentifierExpression Collation
CakePHP through 5.4.3 contains an sql injection vulnerability that allows attackers to inject SQL by supplying unvalidated collation values to StringExpression and IdentifierExpression. Attackers controlling a collation name passed to the constructor or setCo…
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High 8.1
CakePHP through 5.4.3 SQL Injection via WindowExpression range() and frame()
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High 8.8
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High 8.3
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High 7.2
Authenticated SQL Injection via PHP Array Key in ACL Management (Resources & Actions) — Centreon 26.03.0
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High 8.5
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High 8.5
WordPress JetEngine plugin <= 3.9.0.1 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in Crocoblock JetEngine jet-engine allows SQL Injection.This issue affects JetEngine: from n/a through 3.9.0.1.
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High 8.8
OpenEMR Before 8.5.0 SQL Injection via form_icd_codes[]
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High 7.5
Newsmatic <= 1.5.0 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection via 'slug' Parameter
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High 8.5CVE-2026-115965 Public exploit
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High 8.6
vTables < 0.3 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection via orderby Parameter
The vTables WordPress plugin before 0.3 does not properly sanitise and escape a parameter before using it in a SQL statement, which allows unauthenticated attackers to perform SQL injection attacks and extract data from the database.
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High 7.5
SendPress Newsletters <= 1.26.1.20 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection via 'subscriberid' Parameter
The SendPress Newsletters plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to time-based SQL Injection via the 'subscriberid' parameter in all versions up to, and including, 1.26.1.20 due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lack of sufficient prepar…
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High 7.5
Social Web Suite <= 4.1.12 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection via 'exclude_posts' Parameter
The Social Web Suite – Social Media Auto Post, Social Media Auto Publish plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to generic SQL Injection via the 'exclude_posts' parameter in all versions up to, and including, 4.1.12 due to insufficient escaping on the user suppli…
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High 7.5
AVideo-Encoder: pre-authentication streamer-login SQL injection
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High 7.6
OpenCATS: Authenticated SQL injection in activity DataGrid date filters
OpenCATS is an open-source applicant tracking system and recruitment CRM for staffing agencies and hiring teams. Prior to version 0.10.0, activity DataGrid date filtering in `home:CallsDataGrid` and `activity:ActivityDataGrid` uses request-controlled `period`…
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High 8.5
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High 8.5
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