Weakness (CWE)
CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command
The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
For example, consider using persistence layers such as Hibernate or Enterprise Java Beans, which can provide significant protection against SQL injection if used properly.
-
Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Process SQL queries using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or stored procedures. These features should accept parameters or variables and support strong typing. Do not dynamically construct and execute query strings within these features using "exec" or similar functionality, since this may re-introduce the possibility of SQL injection. [REF-867]
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Specifically, follow the principle of least privilege when creating user accounts to a SQL database. The database users should only have the minimum privileges necessary to use their account. If the requirements of the system indicate that a user can read and modify their own data, then limit their privileges so they cannot read/write others' data. Use the strictest permissions possible on all database objects, such as execute-only for stored procedures.
-
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
-
Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
Instead of building a new implementation, such features may be available in the database or programming language. For example, the Oracle DBMS_ASSERT package can check or enforce that parameters have certain properties that make them less vulnerable to SQL injection. For MySQL, the mysql_real_escape_string() API function is available in both C and PHP.
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When constructing SQL query strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing SQL injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent SQL injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, the name "O'Reilly" would likely pass the validation step, since it is a common last name in the English language. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the database because it contains the "'" apostrophe character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the apostrophe might reduce the risk of SQL injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the wrong name would be recorded.
When feasible, it may be safest to disallow meta-characters entirely, instead of escaping them. This will provide some defense in depth. After the data is entered into the database, later processes may neglect to escape meta-characters before use, and you may not have control over those processes.
-
Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
-
Implementation
Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
In the context of SQL Injection, error messages revealing the structure of a SQL query can help attackers tailor successful attack strings.
Source: MITRE CWE-89
4,517 results · Clear filters · Feed
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Online Examination System deleteQuestionExe.php sql injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Campcodes Online Examination System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /adminpanel/admin/query/deleteQuestionExe.php. The manipulation of the argument id leads to sql injection. It is …
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Online Examination System loginExe.php sql injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Campcodes Online Examination System 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /adminpanel/admin/query/loginExe.php. The manipulation of the argument pass leads to…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Online Examination System updateCourse.php sql injection
A vulnerability was found in Campcodes Online Examination System 1.0. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /adminpanel/admin/facebox_modal/updateCourse.php. The manipulation of the argument id leads to sql inje…
-
Medium 6.3
SourceCodester Todo List in Kanban Board delete-todo.php sql injection
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in SourceCodester Todo List in Kanban Board 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /endpoint/delete-todo.php. The manipulation of the argument list leads to sql injection. T…
-
Medium 6.3
SourceCodester Online Chatting System update_room.php sql injection
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in SourceCodester Online Chatting System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file admin/update_room.php. The manipulation of the argument id leads to sql injection. It is possible to launch the att…
-
Medium 6.5
SQL Injection vulnerability in Reportico Till
SQL Injection vulnerability in Reportico Till 8.1.0 allows attackers to obtain sensitive information or other system information via the project parameter.
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes/PHPGurukul Online Marriage Registration System application-bwdates-reports-details.php sql injection
A vulnerability has been found in Campcodes/PHPGurukul Online Marriage Registration System 1.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin/application-bwdates-reports-details.php. The manipulation …
-
Medium 5.4
SQL injection vulnerability in Niushop B2B2C v.5.3.3 and before allows an attacker to escalate privileges via the delet…
-
Medium 6.3
SQL injection vulnerability in snow snow v.2.0.0 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the dataScope p…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Online Marriage Registration System search.php sql injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Campcodes Online Marriage Registration System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /admin/search.php. The manipulation of the argument searchdata leads to sql injection. It is possibl…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Online Marriage Registration System search.php sql injection
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Campcodes Online Marriage Registration System 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /user/search.php. The manipulation of the argument searchdata leads to sql injection. The attack can be …
-
Medium 6.4
Advantech WebAccess/SCADA SQL Injection
There is an SQL injection vulnerability in Advantech WebAccess/SCADA software that allows an authenticated attacker to remotely inject SQL code in the database. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to read or modify data on th…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Complete Online Beauty Parlor Management System contact-us.php sql injection
A vulnerability was found in Campcodes Complete Online Beauty Parlor Management System 1.0. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /admin/contact-us.php. The manipulation of the argument email leads to …
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Complete Online Beauty Parlor Management System admin-profile.php sql injection
A vulnerability was detected in Campcodes Complete Online Beauty Parlor Management System 1.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /admin/admin-profile.php. The manipulation of the argument adminname/email results in sql injection. The att…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Complete Online Beauty Parlor Management System edit-services.php sql injection
A vulnerability was found in Campcodes Complete Online Beauty Parlor Management System 1.0. It has been classified as critical. Affected is an unknown function of the file /admin/edit-services.php. The manipulation of the argument editid leads to sql injectio…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Complete Online Beauty Parlor Management System forgot-password.php sql injection
A vulnerability was found in Campcodes Complete Online Beauty Parlor Management System 1.0 and classified as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /admin/forgot-password.php. The manipulation of the argument email leads to sql injec…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Complete Online Beauty Parlor Management System index.php sql injection
A vulnerability has been found in Campcodes Complete Online Beauty Parlor Management System 1.0 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /admin/index.php. The manipulation of the argument username leads to sql injection.…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Complete Online DJ Booking System booking-bwdates-reports-details.php sql injection
A vulnerability has been found in Campcodes Complete Online DJ Booking System 1.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin/booking-bwdates-reports-details.php. The manipulation of the argument f…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Complete Online DJ Booking System booking-search.php sql injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Campcodes Complete Online DJ Booking System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /admin/booking-search.php. The manipulation of the argument searchdata leads to sql injection. It is p…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Complete Online DJ Booking System user-search.php sql injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Campcodes Complete Online DJ Booking System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /admin/user-search.php. The manipulation of the argument searchdata leads to sql injec…
-
Medium 5.5
Folio Spring Module Core Schema Name HibernateSchemaService.java dropSchema sql injection
A vulnerability was found in Folio Spring Module Core up to 1.1.5. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function dropSchema of the file tenant/src/main/java/org/folio/spring/tenant/hibernate/HibernateSchemaService.java of the component…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Online Job Finder System index.php sql injection
A vulnerability was found in Campcodes Online Job Finder System 1.0 and classified as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /admin/applicants/index.php. The manipulation of the argument id leads to sql injection. The attack may be i…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Online Job Finder System controller.php sql injection
A vulnerability was found in Campcodes Online Job Finder System 1.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /admin/applicants/controller.php. The manipulation of the argument JOBREGID leads to sql injection…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Online Job Finder System controller.php sql injection
A vulnerability has been found in Campcodes Online Job Finder System 1.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin/category/controller.php. The manipulation of the argument CATEGORYID leads to sq…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Online Job Finder System controller.php sql injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Campcodes Online Job Finder System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /admin/company/controller.php. The manipulation of the argument id leads to sql injection. It is possible to la…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Online Job Finder System index.php sql injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Campcodes Online Job Finder System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /admin/company/index.php. The manipulation of the argument id leads to sql injection. The attac…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Online Job Finder System index.php sql injection
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Campcodes Online Job Finder System 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /admin/employee/index.php. The manipulation of the argument id leads to sql injection. The attack can be initiated …
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Online Job Finder System login.php sql injection
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Campcodes Online Job Finder System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /admin/login.php. The manipulation of the argument user_email leads to sql injection. It is possible to initiate the atta…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Online Job Finder System controller.php sql injection
A vulnerability was found in Campcodes Online Job Finder System 1.0. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /admin/user/controller.php. The manipulation of the argument UESRID leads to sql injection. Th…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Online Job Finder System index.php sql injection
A vulnerability was found in Campcodes Online Job Finder System 1.0. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin/user/index.php. The manipulation of the argument id leads to sql injection. Th…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Online Job Finder System index.php sql injection
A vulnerability was found in Campcodes Online Job Finder System 1.0. It has been classified as critical. Affected is an unknown function of the file /admin/vacancy/index.php. The manipulation of the argument id leads to sql injection. It is possible to launch…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Online Job Finder System GET Parameter controller.php sql injection
A vulnerability was found in Campcodes Online Job Finder System 1.0 and classified as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /admin/employee/controller.php of the component GET Parameter Handler. The manipulation of the argument EMPL…
-
Medium 6.3
Campcodes Online Job Finder System controller.php sql injection
A vulnerability has been found in Campcodes Online Job Finder System 1.0 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /admin/vacancy/controller.php. The manipulation of the argument id/CATEGORY leads to sql injection. The at…
-
Medium 6.1CVE-2024-2387 Public exploit
Advanced Form Integration – Connect WooCommerce and Contact Form 7 to Google Sheets and other platforms <= 1.82.0 - SQL Injection to Reflected Cross-Site Scripting via integration_id
The Advanced Form Integration – Connect WooCommerce and Contact Form 7 to Google Sheets and other platforms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the ‘integration_id’ parameter in all versions up to, and including, 1.82.0 due to insufficient…
-
Medium 6.3
Netentsec NS-ASG Application Security Gateway deleteonlineuser.php sql injection
A vulnerability has been found in Netentsec NS-ASG Application Security Gateway 6.3 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /protocol/iscdevicestatus/deleteonlineuser.php. The manipulation of the argu…
-
Medium 6.3
Netentsec NS-ASG Application Security Gateway sql injection
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Netentsec NS-ASG Application Security Gateway 6.3. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /vpnweb/index.php?para=index. The manipulation of the argument check_VirtualSiteId leads to sql injectio…
-
Medium 6.3
Netentsec NS-ASG Application Security Gateway addfirewall.php sql injection
A vulnerability was found in Netentsec NS-ASG Application Security Gateway 6.3. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /protocol/firewall/addfirewall.php. The manipulation of the argument FireWallTableA…
-
Medium 6.8
UnautH SQL Injection
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in Pandora FMS on all allows CVE-2008-5817. This vulnerability allowed SQL changes to be made to several files in the Grafana module. This issue affects Pandora…
-
Medium 6.3
Fujian Kelixin Communication Command and Dispatch Platform editemedia.php sql injection
A vulnerability was found in Fujian Kelixin Communication Command and Dispatch Platform up to 20240318. It has been classified as critical. This affects an unknown part of the file /api/client/editemedia.php. The manipulation of the argument number/enterprise…
-
Medium 6.3CVE-2024-2621 Scanner template
Fujian Kelixin Communication Command and Dispatch Platform pwd_update.php sql injection
A vulnerability was found in Fujian Kelixin Communication Command and Dispatch Platform up to 20240318 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file api/client/user/pwd_update.php. The manipulation of the argumen…