Weakness (CWE)
CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command
The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
For example, consider using persistence layers such as Hibernate or Enterprise Java Beans, which can provide significant protection against SQL injection if used properly.
-
Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Process SQL queries using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or stored procedures. These features should accept parameters or variables and support strong typing. Do not dynamically construct and execute query strings within these features using "exec" or similar functionality, since this may re-introduce the possibility of SQL injection. [REF-867]
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Specifically, follow the principle of least privilege when creating user accounts to a SQL database. The database users should only have the minimum privileges necessary to use their account. If the requirements of the system indicate that a user can read and modify their own data, then limit their privileges so they cannot read/write others' data. Use the strictest permissions possible on all database objects, such as execute-only for stored procedures.
-
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
-
Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
Instead of building a new implementation, such features may be available in the database or programming language. For example, the Oracle DBMS_ASSERT package can check or enforce that parameters have certain properties that make them less vulnerable to SQL injection. For MySQL, the mysql_real_escape_string() API function is available in both C and PHP.
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When constructing SQL query strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing SQL injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent SQL injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, the name "O'Reilly" would likely pass the validation step, since it is a common last name in the English language. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the database because it contains the "'" apostrophe character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the apostrophe might reduce the risk of SQL injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the wrong name would be recorded.
When feasible, it may be safest to disallow meta-characters entirely, instead of escaping them. This will provide some defense in depth. After the data is entered into the database, later processes may neglect to escape meta-characters before use, and you may not have control over those processes.
-
Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
-
Implementation
Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
In the context of SQL Injection, error messages revealing the structure of a SQL query can help attackers tailor successful attack strings.
Source: MITRE CWE-89
13,966 results · Feed
-
Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Online Admission System sum.php sql injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in itsourcecode Online Admission System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /admin/sum.php. Such manipulation of the argument ID leads to sql injection. It is possible to launch the attack rem…
-
Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Baptism Information Management System pbaptism.php sql injection
A weakness has been identified in itsourcecode Baptism Information Management System 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file pbaptism.php. This manipulation of the argument b_id causes sql injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remo…
-
Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Baptism Information Management System ebaptism.php sql injection
A security flaw has been discovered in itsourcecode Baptism Information Management System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file ebaptism.php. The manipulation of the argument ID results in sql injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The ex…
-
High 7.1
LibreNMS before 26.9.0 SQL Injection via notification_id in notifications.inc.php
LibreNMS before 26.9.0 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unprivileged users to inject SQL by supplying an array-valued notification_id parameter to notifications.inc.php. Attackers can perform cross-table reads of users.password hashes, with…
-
High 7.3
Exponent CMS XML-RPC xmlrpc.php userLogin sql injection
A vulnerability has been found in Exponent CMS up to 3.0.2patch2. Affected is the function userLogin of the file xmlrpc.php of the component XML-RPC. Such manipulation leads to sql injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been …
-
Medium 6.5
LogicalDOC Community Edition through 9.3 HQL Injection via documents.xml indexed Parameter
LogicalDOC Community Edition through 9.3 contains an HQL injection vulnerability in DocumentsDataServlet that allows authenticated users to manipulate queries via the unvalidated indexed parameter. Attackers with read access to any folder can inject boolean H…
-
Medium 6.5
LogicalDOC Community Edition through 9.3 SQL Injection via tags.xml firstLetter
LogicalDOC Community Edition through 9.3 contains a sql injection vulnerability that allows authenticated users to execute crafted SQL via the firstLetter parameter of TagsDataServlet. Low-privileged attackers can inject UNION SELECT statements returned in th…
-
Medium 4.7
Zen Cart Module Configuration modules.php sql injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Zen Cart up to 2.2.2. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file admin/modules.php of the component Module Configuration. The manipulation of the argument configuration results in sql injection. The…
-
Medium 4.1
Zen Cart Admin Panel configuration.php eval sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in Zen Cart 2.2.2. Affected by this vulnerability is the function eval of the file admin/configuration.php of the component Admin Panel. The manipulation of the argument gID leads to sql injection. The attack may be initiated re…
-
High 7.1
SQL Injection vulnerability affecting Tuleap Enterprise Edition 17.5
An SQL Injection vulnerability affecting Tuleap Enterprise Edition 17.5 could allow an attacker to have read access the Tuleap database.
-
High 7.3
Zen Cart PayPal IPN paypaldp.php zen_db_perform sql injection
A vulnerability was found in Zen Cart up to 2.2.2. This impacts the function zen_db_perform in the library includes/modules/payment/paypaldp.php of the component PayPal IPN Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument txn_id results in sql injection. Th…
-
Medium 6.3
DataEase Utils.java Utils.buildCalcField sql injection
A flaw has been found in DataEase up to 3.0.0. The impacted element is the function Utils.buildCalcField of the file io/dataease/engine/utils/Utils.java. This manipulation of the argument calculated field causes sql injection. It is possible to initiate the a…
-
Medium 6.3
Tencent WeKnora SQL Validator inject.go validateSubquery sql injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Tencent WeKnora up to 0.8.1. Impacted is the function validateSubquery of the file internal/utils/inject.go of the component SQL Validator. The manipulation leads to sql injection. The attack is possible to be car…
-
High 7.5
SQL Injection in Clustering Communication (Hybrid Mode)
A SQL Injection (SQLi) affects the Kong Gateway (Enterprise and Open Source) clustering communication logic when operating in Hybrid Mode. The issue can be triggered by sending specially crafted RPC requests to the Control Plane (CP), leading to potential una…
-
Medium 6.3
SEMCMS SEMCMS_Banner.php sql injection
A flaw has been found in SEMCMS up to 5.0. This impacts an unknown function of the file SEMCMS_Banner.php. Executing a manipulation can lead to sql injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The ve…
-
Medium 6.3
SEMCMS SEMCMS_Download.php sql injection
A vulnerability was detected in SEMCMS up to 5.0. This affects an unknown function of the file SEMCMS_Download.php. Performing a manipulation results in sql injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. …
-
High 7.3
krupalshah EmployeeRecruitmentSystem Registration adminregister.php mysql_query sql injection
A vulnerability was found in krupalshah EmployeeRecruitmentSystem up to 922ff6d208278282e7c8e36d70d9ae356adec9fe. This affects the function mysql_query of the file source/adminregister.php of the component Registration Handler. Performing a manipulation resul…
-
High 7.3
krupalshah EmployeeRecruitmentSystem Forgot Password authprocessing.php mysql_query sql injection
A vulnerability has been found in krupalshah EmployeeRecruitmentSystem up to 922ff6d208278282e7c8e36d70d9ae356adec9fe. Affected by this issue is the function mysql_query of the file source/authprocessing.php of the component Forgot Password Handler. Such mani…
-
High 7.3
krupalshah EmployeeRecruitmentSystem Login loginprocessing.php mysql_query sql injection
A flaw has been found in krupalshah EmployeeRecruitmentSystem up to 922ff6d208278282e7c8e36d70d9ae356adec9fe. Affected by this vulnerability is the function mysql_query of the file source/loginprocessing.php of the component Login Handler. This manipulation o…
-
Medium 6.5
SQL injection in Night Shift bulk license plate search allows cross-organization data access
SQL injection in the bulk license plate search of the Flock Night Shift hosted service allowed an authenticated user to read other customer organizations' data, including license plate recognition records, via a crafted license plate value. Data could not be …
-
High 7.3
jackq XCMS Password Recovery Mail Endpoint PublicController.class.php sendFindPwdMail sql injection
A vulnerability was determined in jackq XCMS up to 3fab5342cc509945a7ce1b8ec39d19f701b89261. Impacted is the function PublicController::sendFindPwdMail of the file Admin/Home/Controller/PublicController.class.php of the component Password Recovery Mail Endpoi…
-
Medium 6.3
ZKTeco BioTime Database Migration Functionality db_migrate_setting sql injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in ZKTeco BioTime 9.5.6 Build 20260130.3206. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /base/api/v1.0/systemSettings/db_migrate_setting/ of the component Database Migration Functionality.…
-
Medium 6.3
erzhongxmu JEEWMS Autocomplete CommonServiceImpl.java CommonServiceImpl.getAutoList sql injection
A weakness has been identified in erzhongxmu JEEWMS up to 2026.09.27-W39. Affected by this issue is the function CommonServiceImpl.getAutoList of the file src/main/java/org/jeecgframework/core/common/service/impl/CommonServiceImpl.java of the component Autoco…
-
Medium 6.3
erzhongxmu JEEWMS PDA WmToMoveGoodsController.java WmToMoveGoodsController.list sql injection
A security flaw has been discovered in erzhongxmu JEEWMS up to 2026.09.27-W39. Affected by this vulnerability is the function WmToMoveGoodsController.list of the file src/main/java/com/zzjee/wm/controller/WmToMoveGoodsController.java of the component PDA Inte…
-
Medium 6.3
erzhongxmu JEEWMS WmSttInGoodsController.java WmSttInGoodsController.list sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in erzhongxmu JEEWMS up to 2026.09.27-W39. Affected is the function WmSttInGoodsController.list of the file src/main/java/com/zzjee/wm/controller/WmSttInGoodsController.java. Such manipulation of the argument searchstr leads to …
-
Medium 6.3
erzhongxmu JEEWMS Inbound Quality Check Pda WmInQmIController.java WmInQmIController.list sql injection
A vulnerability was determined in erzhongxmu JEEWMS up to 2026.09.27-W39. This impacts the function WmInQmIController.list of the file src/main/java/com/zzjee/wm/controller/WmInQmIController.java of the component Inbound Quality Check Pda Interface. This mani…
-
Medium 6.3
erzhongxmu JEEWMS WvGiController.java WvGiController.list sql injection
A vulnerability was found in erzhongxmu JEEWMS up to 2026.09.27-W39. This affects the function WvGiController.list of the file src/main/java/com/zzjee/wmapi/controller/WvGiController.java. The manipulation of the argument searchstr results in sql injection. T…
-
Medium 6.3
erzhongxmu JEEWMS Search Endpoint WvNoticeController.java WvNoticeController.list sql injection
A vulnerability has been found in erzhongxmu JEEWMS up to 2026.09.27-W39. The impacted element is the function WvNoticeController.list of the file com/zzjee/wmapi/controller/WvNoticeController.java of the component Search Endpoint. The manipulation of the arg…
-
Medium 6.3
erzhongxmu JEEWMS MdBinController.java getbinallagv sql injection
A flaw has been found in erzhongxmu JEEWMS up to 2026.09.27-W39. The affected element is the function getbinall/getbinallagv of the file src/main/java/com/zzjee/md/controller/MdBinController.java. Executing a manipulation of the argument binstore/binid/des/ce…
-
Medium 6.3
erzhongxmu JEEWMS WmOmNoticeHController.java docheck sql injection
A vulnerability was detected in erzhongxmu JEEWMS up to 2026.09.27-W39. Impacted is the function docheck of the file src/main/java/com/zzjee/wm/controller/WmOmNoticeHController.java. Performing a manipulation of the argument goodscode results in sql injection…
-
Medium 5.9
Interuse i-Bos CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command ('SQL injection') vulnerability in Interuse i-Bos. This issue affects i-Bos: 3.0.
-
Medium 6.3
erzhongxmu Jeewms Autocomplete Data JeecgFormDemoController.java getTreeData sql injection
A vulnerability was detected in erzhongxmu Jeewms up to 3.7. This affects the function getTreeData of the file src/main/java/com/jeecg/demo/controller/JeecgFormDemoController.java of the component Autocomplete Data Handler. Performing a manipulation of the ar…
-
High 7.3
Xinhu Rainrock RockOA Openkqj Action openkqjAction.php returnchuli sql injection
A weakness has been identified in Xinhu Rainrock RockOA up to 2.7.6. This impacts the function kqjcmdModel::returnchuli of the file webmain/task/openapi/openkqjAction.php of the component Openkqj Action. This manipulation of the argument ID causes sql injecti…
-
Medium 6.3
Furion .NET Framework StringRenderExtensions.cs String.Replace sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in Furion .NET Framework up to 4.9.9.92. The impacted element is the function String.Replace of the file framework/Furion/Templates/Extensions/StringRenderExtensions.cs. The manipulation of the argument Name leads to sql injecti…
-
Medium 6.3
highwarden Super Store Finder index.php sql injection
A vulnerability has been found in highwarden Super Store Finder up to 3.8. Affected is an unknown function of the file /products/superstorefinder/index.php. The manipulation of the argument lat/lng leads to sql injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is …
-
Medium 6.5
Paymendo Bank Transfer <= 1.1 - Unauthenticated Blind SQLi via 'paymendo_bank_transfer_completed_payment' Parameter
The paymendo WordPress plugin through 1.1 does not properly sanitize and escape a parameter before using it in a SQL query, allowing unauthenticated users to perform blind SQL injection attacks.
-
High 8.6
WP Verify API <= 1.0.0 - Unauthenticated SQLi via 'verify' Parameter
The WP Verify API WordPress plugin through 1.0.0 does not properly sanitize and escape a parameter before using it in a SQL query, allowing unauthenticated users to perform SQL injection attacks.
-
High 8.6
ASPL Product Quotation <= 1.1.0 - Unauthenticated SQLi via 'quote_id' Parameter
The ASPL Product Quotation WordPress plugin through 1.1.0 does not sanitize and escape a parameter before using it in SQL statements, allowing unauthenticated attackers to perform SQL injection and read arbitrary data from the database.
-
High 8.6
Loja Automática <= 1.0.0 - Unauthenticated SQLi via 'id' Parameter
The Loja Automática WordPress plugin through 1.0.0 does not properly sanitize and escape a parameter before using it in a SQL query, allowing unauthenticated users to perform SQL injection attacks.
-
Medium 6.5
Paymendo Bank Transfer <= 1.1 - Subscriber+ SQLi via 'orderBy' Parameter
The paymendo WordPress plugin through 1.1 does not properly sanitize and escape a parameter before using it in a SQL query, allowing any authenticated user to perform SQL injection attacks.