Weakness (CWE)
CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command
The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
For example, consider using persistence layers such as Hibernate or Enterprise Java Beans, which can provide significant protection against SQL injection if used properly.
-
Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Process SQL queries using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or stored procedures. These features should accept parameters or variables and support strong typing. Do not dynamically construct and execute query strings within these features using "exec" or similar functionality, since this may re-introduce the possibility of SQL injection. [REF-867]
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Specifically, follow the principle of least privilege when creating user accounts to a SQL database. The database users should only have the minimum privileges necessary to use their account. If the requirements of the system indicate that a user can read and modify their own data, then limit their privileges so they cannot read/write others' data. Use the strictest permissions possible on all database objects, such as execute-only for stored procedures.
-
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
-
Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
Instead of building a new implementation, such features may be available in the database or programming language. For example, the Oracle DBMS_ASSERT package can check or enforce that parameters have certain properties that make them less vulnerable to SQL injection. For MySQL, the mysql_real_escape_string() API function is available in both C and PHP.
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When constructing SQL query strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing SQL injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent SQL injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, the name "O'Reilly" would likely pass the validation step, since it is a common last name in the English language. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the database because it contains the "'" apostrophe character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the apostrophe might reduce the risk of SQL injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the wrong name would be recorded.
When feasible, it may be safest to disallow meta-characters entirely, instead of escaping them. This will provide some defense in depth. After the data is entered into the database, later processes may neglect to escape meta-characters before use, and you may not have control over those processes.
-
Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
-
Implementation
Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
In the context of SQL Injection, error messages revealing the structure of a SQL query can help attackers tailor successful attack strings.
Source: MITRE CWE-89
13,971 results · Feed
-
Critical 9.3
WordPress EduAdmin Booking plugin < 6.0.0 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in MultiNet Interactive AB EduAdmin Booking eduadmin-booking allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects EduAdmin Booking: from n/a before 6.0.0.
-
Critical 9.3
WordPress Ajax Search Pro plugin <= 4.29.1 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in wpdreams Ajax Search Pro ajax-search-pro allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects Ajax Search Pro: from n/a through 4.29.1.
-
High 8.5
WordPress Taskbuilder plugin <= 6.0.5 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in Taskbuilder Taskbuilder taskbuilder allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects Taskbuilder: from n/a through 6.0.5.
-
Critical 9.3
WordPress JNews - Pay Writer plugin <= 12.0.1 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in jegtheme JNews - Pay Writer jnews-pay-writer allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects JNews - Pay Writer: from n/a through 12.0.1.
-
Critical 9.3
WordPress tagDiv Opt-In Builder plugin <= 1.7.6 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in tagDiv tagDiv Opt-In Builder td-subscription allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects tagDiv Opt-In Builder: from n/a through 1.7.6.
-
High 8.5
WordPress tagDiv Opt-In Builder plugin <= 1.7.6 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in tagDiv tagDiv Opt-In Builder td-subscription allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects tagDiv Opt-In Builder: from n/a through 1.7.6.
-
High 8.5
WordPress WPLMS theme <= 4.973 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in VibeThemes WPLMS wplms allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects WPLMS : from n/a through 4.973.
-
Critical 9.3
WordPress WPLMS plugin < 1.9.9.8.2 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in VibeThemes WPLMS wplms_plugin allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects WPLMS: from n/a before 1.9.9.8.2.
-
High 8.5
WordPress UpSolution Core plugin <= 9.3 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in UpSolution UpSolution Core us-core allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects UpSolution Core: from n/a through 9.3.
-
Medium 6.8
Code Snippets < 3.10.0 - Admin+ SQLi in Migration Importers Leading to Network-Wide Credential Disclosure (Multisite)
The Code Snippets WordPress plugin before 3.10.0 does not sanitise and escape a user-supplied parameter before using it in a SQL query in some of its snippet-migration import endpoints, which are accessible to any user holding site-administration capabilities…
-
Medium 4.9
Jivejdon through 5.0 SQL Injection via username in userListAction
Jivejdon through 5.0 contains a sql injection vulnerability in AccountDaoSql.getAccountByNameLike() that allows authenticated administrators to inject SQL via the username parameter. Attackers with the Admin role can submit crafted input to /admin/user/userLi…
-
Critical 9.8
Multiple vulnerabilities affect the Sniffer component as part of IBM Guardium Data Protection
IBM Guardium Data Protection 12.0, 12.1, and 12.2 could allow a remote attacker to execute unauthorized SQL statements due to SQL injection.
-
High 8.6
Multiple vulnerabilities affect the Sniffer component as part of IBM Guardium Data Protection
IBM Guardium Data Protection 12.0, 12.1, and 12.2 is vulnerable to SQL injection. A remote unauthenticated attacker could send specially crafted SQL statements, which could allow the attacker to view, add, modify, or delete information in the back-end databas…
-
High 8.1
IBM Guardium Data Protection is affected by multiple vulnerabilities.
IBM Guardium Data Protection 12.2.2, and 12.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary SQL commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command.
-
Medium 5.4
Security vulnerabilities have been found in IBM Verify Identity Access and IBM Security Verify Access
IBM Security Verify Access 10.0 through 10.0.9.2 and IBM Verify Identity Access 11.0 through 11.0.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to modify data and cause a denial of service due to an SQL injection vulnerability.
-
High 7.4
MariaDB Connector/Node.js: SQL injection in the text protocol when the session uses NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES
MariaDB Connector/Node.js is used to connect applications developed on Node.js to MariaDB and MySQL databases. Prior to 3.2.5, 3.3.4, 3.4.7, and 3.5.4, text-protocol escaping always prefixes quotes with a backslash and does not honor the session's NO_BACKSLAS…
-
High 8.1
MariaDB Connector/Node.js: SQL injection through object keys in SET expansion (permitSetMultiParamEntries)
MariaDB Connector/Node.js is used to connect applications developed on Node.js to MariaDB and MySQL databases. From 3.2.0 until 3.2.5, 3.3.4, 3.4.7, and 3.5.4, applications that enable permitSetMultiParamEntries can pass objects whose keys are expanded into a…
-
High 8.8
JHipster: SQL Injection in the Parameter of JHipster-Generated Reactive (WebFlux + R2DBC) Applicationssort
JHipster is a development platform to quickly generate, develop, and deploy modern web applications and microservice architectures. From 7.0.0 until 9.4.0, reactive applications generated with Spring WebFlux, Spring Data R2DBC, and a SQL database pass the att…
-
High 7.6
WordPress Vitepos plugin <= 3.6.1 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in Appsbd Vitepos vitepos-lite allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects Vitepos: from n/a through 3.6.1.
-
Critical 10.0
SQL injection in the NetBoard CRM demo platform
SQL injection in the NetBoard CRM demo platform; specifically, the vulnerable component is the ‘user-name’ POST parameter in the ‘/module/auth/recovery.php’ endpoint. The parameter is vulnerable to blind attacks based on Boolean, error, time-based and UNION t…
-
Medium 6.1
In Brocade SANnav before 3.0.0a, an SQL Injection vulnerability in various external API inventories have a vulnerabilit…
-
Medium 6.5
Structured Query Language (SQL) Injection in the SPL2 Module Catalog in Splunk Enterprise
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.4.3, a user that holds a role with the list_spl2_modules capability could use SQL injection in SPL2 module filtering to access all relevant data available through the affected Representational State Transfer (REST) API, …
-
Critical 9.3
WordPress WP Data Access plugin <= 5.5.82 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in Passionate Programmer Peter WP Data Access allows Blind SQL Injection. This issue affects WP Data Access: from n/a through 5.5.82.
-
Medium 4.9
Cisco Smart Software Manager On-Prem SQL Injection Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco License On-Prem, formerly Cisco Smart Software Manager On-Prem (SSM On-Prem), could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct SQL injection attacks against an affected application. This v…
-
High 8.1
Homer: Authenticated SQL Injection via Unvalidated rawquery Field in /api/v4/statistics/query
Homer is open source telecom observability software. Prior to version 11.0.283, the `V4StatisticsQuery` handler passes the user-supplied `rawquery` field directly to DuckDB without calling the `sqlvalidator.ValidateRawSQL` function used throughout the rest of…
-
High 7.6
WordPress WP Post Author plugin <= 4.0.0 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in AF themes WP Post Author wp-post-author allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects WP Post Author: from n/a through 4.0.0.
-
High 7.6
WordPress Slider by 10Web plugin <= 1.2.63 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in 10Web Slider by 10Web slider-wd allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects Slider by 10Web: from n/a through 1.2.63.
-
High 7.6
WordPress Post title marquee scroll plugin <= 9.9 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in Gopiplus Post title marquee scroll post-title-marquee-scroll allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects Post title marquee scroll: from n/a through 9.9.
-
High 7.6
WordPress Pix por Piggly (para Woocommerce) plugin <= 2.1.2 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in Piggly Dev Pix por Piggly (para Woocommerce) pix-por-piggly allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects Pix por Piggly (para Woocommerce): from n/a through…
-
High 8.6
An SQL Injection vulnerability exists in the Site Search function of Movable Type, which may allow an unauthenticated a…
-
High 7.6
WordPress Dynamic User Directory plugin <= 2.4 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in Sarah Giles Dynamic User Directory dynamic-user-directory allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects Dynamic User Directory: from n/a through 2.4.
-
High 7.6
WordPress affiliate-toolkit plugin <= 3.9.1 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in SERVIT Software Solutions affiliate-toolkit affiliate-toolkit-starter allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects affiliate-toolkit: from n/a through 3.9.1.
-
Critical 9.3
SQL Injection Vulnerability in Manacle Technologies ERP System
This vulnerability exists in the ERP system due to insufficient validation and parameterization of user supplied input in an API endpoint. An unauthenticated remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by supplying specially crafted input to the vulnerab…
-
Critical 9.3
Joomla Extension - ordasoft.com - Unauthenticated SQL injection in OrdaSoft Simple Membership < 7.4.0
Joomla Extension - ordasoft.com - Unauthenticated SQL injection in OrdaSoft Simple Membership < 7.4.0 - site/simplemembership.php dispatches task=checkLoginPass with no authentication or access control check of any kind. The handler reads a login request para…
-
Medium 6.8
MPG < 4.2.3 - Editor+ SQLi via Project Import
The MPG WordPress plugin before 4.2.3 does not properly validate the structure of imported project data before using it in a database query, allowing users with the Editor role or higher to perform SQL injection attacks and read sensitive data such as passwor…
-
Medium 6.8
Animated Number Counters < 3.1 - Editor+ Second-Order SQLi via Counter Order
The Animated Number Counters WordPress plugin before 3.1 does not sanitise or escape a value stored by an Editor-level user before concatenating it into a SQL query that runs when any unauthenticated visitor renders a page containing the counter, leading to s…
-
High 7.2
Authenticated SQL Injection allows Remote Code Execution in ClearPass Policy Manager API
A SQL injection vulnerability in the API of ClearPass Policy Manager could allow a remote authenticated attacker with administrative privileges to conduct SQL injection attacks against the ClearPass Policy Manager instance. Successful exploitation could allow…
-
Critical 9.9
Authenticated SQL Injection Vulnerabilities in ClearPass Policy Manager Web-Based Management Interface
SQL injection vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of ClearPass Policy Manager could allow a low-privileged authenticated remote attacker to conduct SQL injection attacks against the ClearPass Policy Manager instance. Successful exploitation …
-
Critical 9.1
Authenticated SQL Injection Vulnerability in ClearPass Policy Manager Web-based Management Interface
A SQL injection vulnerability in the web-based management interface of ClearPass Policy Manager could allow an authenticated remote attacker to conduct SQL injection attacks against the ClearPass Policy Manager instance. Successful exploitation could allow an…
-
High 8.6
Payload: SQL injection in SQLite/Postgres
Payload is a free and open source headless content management system. Prior to 3.90.0 and 4.0.0-canary.34, an attacker with read and create or update access to a collection containing a json field or a blocks field with blocksAsJSON enabled can inject SQL thr…