Weakness (CWE)
CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command
The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
For example, consider using persistence layers such as Hibernate or Enterprise Java Beans, which can provide significant protection against SQL injection if used properly.
-
Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Process SQL queries using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or stored procedures. These features should accept parameters or variables and support strong typing. Do not dynamically construct and execute query strings within these features using "exec" or similar functionality, since this may re-introduce the possibility of SQL injection. [REF-867]
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Specifically, follow the principle of least privilege when creating user accounts to a SQL database. The database users should only have the minimum privileges necessary to use their account. If the requirements of the system indicate that a user can read and modify their own data, then limit their privileges so they cannot read/write others' data. Use the strictest permissions possible on all database objects, such as execute-only for stored procedures.
-
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
-
Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
Instead of building a new implementation, such features may be available in the database or programming language. For example, the Oracle DBMS_ASSERT package can check or enforce that parameters have certain properties that make them less vulnerable to SQL injection. For MySQL, the mysql_real_escape_string() API function is available in both C and PHP.
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When constructing SQL query strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing SQL injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent SQL injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, the name "O'Reilly" would likely pass the validation step, since it is a common last name in the English language. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the database because it contains the "'" apostrophe character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the apostrophe might reduce the risk of SQL injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the wrong name would be recorded.
When feasible, it may be safest to disallow meta-characters entirely, instead of escaping them. This will provide some defense in depth. After the data is entered into the database, later processes may neglect to escape meta-characters before use, and you may not have control over those processes.
-
Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
-
Implementation
Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
In the context of SQL Injection, error messages revealing the structure of a SQL query can help attackers tailor successful attack strings.
Source: MITRE CWE-89
13,971 results · Feed
-
Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Sales and Inventory System emp_transac.php add sql injection
A security flaw has been discovered in itsourcecode Sales and Inventory System 1.0. This affects an unknown function of the file /pages/emp_transac.php?action=add. The manipulation of the argument firstname results in sql injection. The attack may be performe…
-
High 7.3
SourceCodester School Registration and Fee System save_class.php sql injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in SourceCodester School Registration and Fee System 1.0. This impacts an unknown function of the file /bilal/save_class.php. The manipulation of the argument Category leads to sql injection. Remote exploitation of t…
-
Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Sales and Inventory System cust_pos_trans.php sql injection
A weakness has been identified in itsourcecode Sales and Inventory System 1.0. This affects an unknown function of the file /pages/cust_pos_trans.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument firstname can lead to sql injection. The attack may be launched rem…
-
High 7.3
SourceCodester School Registration and Fee System pay_report.php sql injection
A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester School Registration and Fee System 1.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /bilal/normal/pay_report.php. Performing a manipulation of the argument period results in sql injection. The attack can…
-
High 7.3
SourceCodester School Registration and Fee System delete_stud.php sql injection
A vulnerability was determined in SourceCodester School Registration and Fee System 1.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /bilal/normal/delete_stud.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument selector[] can lead to sql injection. The …
-
High 7.3
SourceCodester School Registration and Fee System save_stud.php sql injection
A vulnerability has been found in SourceCodester School Registration and Fee System 1.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /bilal/normal/save_stud.php. Such manipulation of the argument Status leads to sql injection. It is possible to launch the att…
-
Medium 6.3
GongShengyue OnlineBooks listSplit BooksServlet.java sql injection
A vulnerability was detected in GongShengyue OnlineBooks up to dfc5eacc08d3b0396c266049548618f6fb9587ea. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file src/cn/ylcto/book/servlet/BooksServlet.java of the component listSplit Interface. The manipulation of …
-
Medium 4.7
Fengoffice Feng Office Reorder Handlers MoreController.class.php update_dimension_order sql injection
A vulnerability was found in Fengoffice Feng Office up to 3.11.13.11. Affected is the function update_system_module_order/update_dimension_order of the file application/controllers/MoreController.class.php of the component Reorder Handlers. Performing a manip…
-
High 7.3
Fengoffice Feng Office Legacy API CompanyWebsite.class.php instance->findAll sql injection
A vulnerability has been found in Fengoffice Feng Office up to 3.11.13.11. This impacts the function Contacts::instance->findAll of the file application/models/CompanyWebsite.class.php of the component Legacy API. Such manipulation of the argument auth leads …
-
Medium 5.0
An issue was discovered in LibreNMS 1.65. A remote authenticated attacker with normal privileges can extract all the in…
-
Medium 5.8
A SQL Injection vulnerability exists in LuxSoft LuxCal through 5.3.4L via rssfeed.php and common/retrieve.php.
-
Medium 6.5
Smart Marketing SMS and Newsletters Forms <= 5.1.24 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) SQL Injection via Parameter Name
The Smart Marketing SMS and Newsletters Forms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to generic SQL Injection via Parameter Name in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.24 due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lack of sufficient prepar…
-
Medium 6.5
MPG <= 4.2.1 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection via URL Path
The MPG – Multiple Page Generator, Bulk Landing Pages & Programmatic SEO plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to generic SQL Injection via URL Path in all versions up to, and including, 4.2.1 due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lack …
-
High 7.5
rtMedia for WordPress, BuddyPress and bbPress <= 4.7.11 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection via 'compare' Parameter
The rtMedia for WordPress, BuddyPress and bbPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to time-based blind SQL Injection via the 'compare' parameter in all versions up to, and including, 4.7.11 due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lac…
-
High 8.6
Album Cover Finder <= 0.7.0 - Unauthenticated SQLi via and_action
The Album Cover Finder WordPress plugin through 0.7.0 does not properly sanitize and escape a parameter before using it in a SQL query, allowing unauthenticated users to perform SQL injection attacks.
-
High 8.6
SAMO Forms <= 1.0.0 - Unauthenticated SQLi
The SAMO Forms WordPress plugin through 1.0.0 does not properly sanitise and escape user input before using it in SQL queries in several unauthenticated actions, allowing unauthenticated attackers to perform SQL injection attacks.
-
High 7.6
WordPress Amelia plugin <= 2.4.9 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Editor SQL Injection in Amelia <= 2.4.9 versions.
-
High 7.6
WordPress Sky Addons for Elementor plugin <= 3.8.4 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Editor SQL Injection in Sky Addons for Elementor <= 3.8.4 versions.
-
High 7.5CVE-2026-72708 Public exploit
SPIP < 4.4.18 Unauthenticated Blind SQL Injection via sitemap.xml.html
SPIP before 4.4.18 contains an unauthenticated blind SQL injection vulnerability in the SQL escaping layer that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary SQL by supplying a crafted annee parameter value matching a word character followed by an open…
-
Medium 6.5
GamiPress <= 7.9.7 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) SQL Injection
The GamiPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authenticated (Subscriber+) SQL Injection via the 'q' parameter of the wpForo integration AJAX selector (action gamipress_wpforo_get_posts) in versions up to, and including, 7.9.7. The value is passed only t…
-
High 8.3
NextGen Healthcare Mirth Connect SQL Injection
NextGen Connect (Mirth Connect) versions 4.7.1 and earlier allow an authenticated user to execute arbitrary SQL through a Database Connector API, which could result in disclosure of stored credentials for connected systems, arbitrary file write, and a denial-…
-
High 7.5
Unlimited Elements For Elementor <= 2.0.16 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection
The Unlimited Elements For Elementor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the 'addontype' parameter in versions up to, and including, 2.0.16. This is due to insufficient escaping on the user-supplied parameter and the lack of sufficient pre…
-
High 7.5
Sticky Chat Widget <= 1.4.2 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection
The Sticky Chat Widget plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the 'scw_form_fields' parameter array keys of the 'scw_save_form_data' AJAX action in versions up to, and including, 1.4.2. This is due to the save_form_data() function passing att…
-
Critical 9.8
SQL Injection vulnerability in Woltlab WCF v.6.2.4 and before allows a remote attacker to updateUserOptions in UserEdit…
-
Medium 6.5
OpenNMS SQL injection in shipped Asset Management JasperReports via the DATE_FORMAT parameter (ROLE_USER)
A SQL injection vulnerability exists in the JasperReports-based reporting feature of multiple versions of OpenNMS Meridian and Horizon. A low-privileged authenticated user (ROLE_USER) can run the shipped, default-enabled online reports "Maintenance contracts …
-
High 7.2
FileRun < 2026.3.0 Authenticated SQL Injection via Groups Add Action
FileRun before 2026.3.0 contains a SQL injection vulnerability that allows delegated or simple administrators to execute arbitrary SQL by submitting the description parameter as an array, causing the getValuesString() method in DB/DP.php to interpolate raw ar…
-
Critical 9.3
WordPress Verified Reviews (Avis Vérifiés) plugin <= 2.4.6 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Unauthenticated SQL Injection in Verified Reviews (Avis Vérifiés) <= 2.4.6 versions.
-
High 8.5
OpenPanel through 2.3.0 SQL Injection via unvalidated profile filter column identifier
OpenPanel through 2.3.0 contains an SQL injection vulnerability in the analytics filter builder that fails to validate profile.* filter column identifiers before interpolating them into ClickHouse WHERE clauses. An authenticated attacker with project-scoped r…
-
Critical 9.8
SQLi in GIS Informatics' GisLab Laboratory Management System
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command ('SQL injection') vulnerability in GIS Informatics GisLab Laboratory Management System allows SQL Injection. This issue affects GisLab Laboratory Management System: from 1.4.03 before 1.5.
-
Critical 9.3
Joomla Extension - joomshaper.com - Unauthenticated SQL Injection in Property Search and Map Filtering in SP Property < 4.1.4
Joomla Extension - joomshaper.com - Unauthenticated SQL Injection in Property Search and Map Filtering in SP Property < 4.1.4 - The property search and listing query builders assembled several WHERE and ORDER BY clauses (zipcode, sorting, price_range_dropdown…
-
Critical 9.8
SQLi in Armiya Information Technologies' Access Control System
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command ('SQL injection') vulnerability in Armiya Information Technologies Ltd. Co. Access Control System allows SQL Injection. This issue affects Access Control System: before Versiyon 2.
-
Critical 9.8
Garlic-Hub v1.0.1 is vulnerable to SQL Injection in src/Modules/Items/Repositories/ItemsRepository.php.
-
High 7.3
Rizwan17 inventory-management-system manage.php storeCustomerOrderInvoice sql injection
A vulnerability was detected in Rizwan17 inventory-management-system up to bfe78a330d01bb26b9daec5dc9ecd5c77900e03f. This vulnerability affects the function storeCustomerOrderInvoice of the file includes/manage.php. Performing a manipulation of the argument p…
-
High 7.3
Rizwan17 inventory-management-system manage.php update_record sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in Rizwan17 inventory-management-system up to bfe78a330d01bb26b9daec5dc9ecd5c77900e03f. Affected is the function update_record of the file includes/manage.php. The manipulation of the argument update_category/cid/update_brand/up…
-
Medium 5.5
Dell SCG 5.0 Appliance versions prior to 5.36.00.16 and Dell SCG 5.0 Application versions prior to 5.36.00.00, contains…
-
Critical 9.9CVE-2026-67401 Public exploit
A vulnerability in cPanel allows a mail-enabled account to achieve remote code execution as root through SQLi in EmailT…
-
Medium 5.5
Dell SCG 5.0 Appliance versions prior to 5.36.00.16 and Dell SCG 5.0 Application versions prior to 5.36.00.00, contains…
-
High 7.2
Dell SCG 5.0 Appliance versions prior to 5.36.00.16 and Dell SCG 5.0 Application versions prior to 5.36.00.00, contains…
-
High 7.5
siyuan before v3.8.2 SQL Injection via fullTextSearchBlock
siyuan versions before v3.8.2 contain an authenticated SQL injection vulnerability in the fullTextSearchBlock endpoint's method=1 query parameter. Attackers can inject UNION SELECT statements to read the entire blocks table, bypassing publish-access controls …
-
Medium 5.4
Dell SCG 5.0 Appliance versions prior to 5.36.00.16 and Dell SCG 5.0 Application versions prior to 5.36.00.00, contains…