Weakness (CWE)
CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command
The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
For example, consider using persistence layers such as Hibernate or Enterprise Java Beans, which can provide significant protection against SQL injection if used properly.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Process SQL queries using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or stored procedures. These features should accept parameters or variables and support strong typing. Do not dynamically construct and execute query strings within these features using "exec" or similar functionality, since this may re-introduce the possibility of SQL injection. [REF-867]
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Specifically, follow the principle of least privilege when creating user accounts to a SQL database. The database users should only have the minimum privileges necessary to use their account. If the requirements of the system indicate that a user can read and modify their own data, then limit their privileges so they cannot read/write others' data. Use the strictest permissions possible on all database objects, such as execute-only for stored procedures.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
Instead of building a new implementation, such features may be available in the database or programming language. For example, the Oracle DBMS_ASSERT package can check or enforce that parameters have certain properties that make them less vulnerable to SQL injection. For MySQL, the mysql_real_escape_string() API function is available in both C and PHP.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When constructing SQL query strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing SQL injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent SQL injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, the name "O'Reilly" would likely pass the validation step, since it is a common last name in the English language. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the database because it contains the "'" apostrophe character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the apostrophe might reduce the risk of SQL injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the wrong name would be recorded.
When feasible, it may be safest to disallow meta-characters entirely, instead of escaping them. This will provide some defense in depth. After the data is entered into the database, later processes may neglect to escape meta-characters before use, and you may not have control over those processes.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
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Implementation
Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
In the context of SQL Injection, error messages revealing the structure of a SQL query can help attackers tailor successful attack strings.
Source: MITRE CWE-89
13,954 results · Feed
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High 8.8
SuiteCRM: Time-Based Blind SQL Injection via AOR_Reports ORDER BY Clause Allows Data Exfiltration by Any Authenticated User
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to 7.15.2 and 8.10.2, AOR report generation concatenates an attacker-controlled stored field label into an ORDER BY clause without an allowlist. Th…
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High 8.8
SuiteCRM: Authenticated SQL Injection in AOR_Reports `parameter_value` (value_type=Field) allows any low-privileged user to read the full database
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to 7.15.2 and 8.10.2, AOR_Report::build_report_query_where incorporates a report editor's parameter_value when value_type=Field without sufficient …
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High 8.8
SuiteCRM: SQL Injection via REST API securexss() Bypass in Relationship Management
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to 7.15.2 and 8.10.2, the REST v4 JSON handler reads the pre-filter RAW_REQUEST value and relationship write helpers interpolate supplied field val…
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High 8.3
SuiteCRM: SQL injection via search param in modules/Cases/controller.php
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to 7.15.2 and 8.10.2, the CasesController action_get_kb_articles action interpolates $_POST['search'] into a CASE WHEN ... LIKE expression and the …
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High 8.8
SuiteCRM: Authenticated SQL Injection in map_markers distance Parameter
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to 7.15.2 and 8.10.2, the jjwg_Maps map marker endpoint uses the authenticated caller's distance value in the map_markers action without strict num…
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High 8.3
SuiteCRM: SQL injection via get_latest_for_id param in GetLatestRevision.php
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to 7.15.2 and 8.10.2, GetLatestRevision.php interpolates get_latest_for_id directly into an SQL UPDATE statement. Although securexss() normally ent…
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Medium 6.5
SuiteCRM: AOR Reports aor_fields.field SQL Injection
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to 7.15.2 and 8.10.2, AOR report generation reloads the value stored in aor_fields.field and concatenates it into report SQL without strict field v…
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High 7.1
SuiteCRM: Authenticated SQL Injection In handleAttachments function
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to 7.15.2 and 8.10.2, email template attachment handling passes the remove_attachment POST parameter array through HTML-oriented securexss() proces…
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High 7.1
SuiteCRM: Authenticated SQL Injection In Project Module
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to 7.15.2 and 8.10.2, the Project module interpolates the authenticated caller's duplicateId POST parameter directly into a SQL query without sanit…
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High 8.3
SuiteCRM: SQL injection via parameter_value[0] param in AOR_Report.php
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to 7.15.2 and 8.10.2, a user-controllable Multi report condition passes parameter_value through unencodeMultienum() and concatenates the result int…
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High 8.3
SuiteCRM: SQL injection via id param in modules/Campaigns/PopupCampaignRoi.php
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to 7.15.2 and 8.10.2, modules/Campaigns/PopupCampaignRoi.php interpolates $_REQUEST['id'] into SQL. Although securexss() normally entity-encodes qu…
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High 8.3
SuiteCRM: Time-Based Blind SQL Injection via REST API
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to 7.15.2 and 8.10.2, the REST API v4.1 get_entry_list method is vulnerable to time-based blind SQL injection when an authenticated caller simultan…
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High 8.8
SuiteCRM: Authenticated SQL Injection in v4_1 get_entry_list rest api
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to 7.15.2 and 8.10.2, legacy REST methods append an authenticated caller's query parameter as a SQL WHERE clause after insufficient structural vali…
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High 8.3
SuiteCRM: Authenticated SQL Injection in get_end_date function in Project Controller
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to 7.15.2 and 8.10.2, the get_end_date action in Projects Controller concatenates an authenticated caller's task_id value into a SQL query without …
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High 7.1
SQL injection vulnerability in DLP on-prem extensions version 11.13.1 and earlier allows a remote authenticated attacke…
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Critical 9.8
Apache OFBiz: SQL injection - performFind ignore-case values, MySQL/MariaDB
SQL Injection in the entity engine's generic performFind service in Apache OFBiz 24.09 before 24.09.08 on MySQL/MariaDB-backed deployments allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to disclose arbitrary rows from the queried entity by submitting an ignore-case…
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High 7.3
itsourcecode Online Book Store admin_edit.php sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in itsourcecode Online Book Store 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /admin_edit.php. The manipulation of the argument bookisbn with the input 1%27%20AND%20GTID_SUBSET(CONCAT(0x71717a6b71,(SELE…
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High 7.5
SQL Injection in Kobikom Telecommunications' Kobikom
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command ('SQL injection') vulnerability in Kobikom Telecommunications and Informatics Services Inc. Kobikom allows SQL Injection. This issue affects Kobikom: before KobiPBX-FOP3-SEC-r1.
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Medium 6.8
CatFolders < 2.5.7 - Author+ SQLi via 'sortFile' Setting
The CatFolders WordPress plugin before 2.5.7 does not properly sanitize and escape a user-controlled sort setting before using it in a SQL query, allowing authenticated users with upload capability (Author and above) to perform SQL injection attacks.
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Critical 9.3
IVPAY payments <= 1.0.8 - Unauthenticated SQLi via 'payment_id' Parameter
The IVPAY payments WordPress plugin through 1.0.8 does not sanitise a value from its payment callback before using it in a SQL statement, and treats an empty API key, which is its own default, as valid authentication, allowing unauthenticated attackers to rea…
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Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Airline Reservation System manage_booked.php sql injection
A vulnerability was determined in itsourcecode Airline Reservation System 1.0. This affects an unknown function of the file /admin/manage_booked.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument ID can lead to sql injection. The attack may be launched remotely. T…
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High 7.3
Campcodes Complete Sales and Inventory System with Credit Management login.php sql injection
A vulnerability was found in Campcodes Complete Sales and Inventory System with Credit Management 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /ahira/login.php. Performing a manipulation of the argument branch results in sql injection. The atta…
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High 7.3
Campcodes Division Regional Athletic Meet Game Result Matrix System check-user.php sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in Campcodes Division Regional Athletic Meet Game Result Matrix System up to 2.1. This affects an unknown function of the file /dipam/check-user.php. Such manipulation of the argument abbr leads to sql injection. It is possible …
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High 7.3
krupalshah EmployeeRecruitmentSystem Requirement Board Update reqformprocessing.php mysql_query sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in krupalshah EmployeeRecruitmentSystem up to 922ff6d208278282e7c8e36d70d9ae356adec9fe. Affected by this issue is the function mysql_query of the file source/reqformprocessing.php of the component Requirement Board Update Handle…
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High 8.7
GLPI: Blind Time based SQLI in dropdowns
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High 8.1
vtenext before 25.02.2 SQL Injection via fieldname in Fax EditView
vtenext before 25.02.2 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows authenticated low-privileged users to inject SQL by supplying a crafted fieldname parameter to modules/Fax/EditView.php. Attackers can read arbitrary database contents, including passw…
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High 7.7
Nexus Repository 3 - SQL Injection in Reindex Search by Pattern Task
Sonatype Nexus Repository 3 contains a SQL injection vulnerability in the optional "Reindex Search Tables By Pattern" task. A user who holds the nexus:tasks:create privilege can supply a crafted filter condition that the database runs as SQL. This allows the …
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Medium 6.5
SPIP before 4.4.29 Authenticated SQL Injection via where Parameter
SPIP before 4.4.29 contains a SQL injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers with back-office access to inject arbitrary SQL by submitting a differing where parameter value in the POST body versus the GET query string on the /ecrire/?exec=art…
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High 7.3
SQL::Abstract versions from 1.90_01 before 2.000001_04 for Perl skip the injection_guard check for function names given with -func
SQL::Abstract versions from 1.90_01 before 2.000001_04 for Perl skip the injection_guard check for function names given with -func. injection_guard is documented to apply to every function name, but only the { -name => ... } shorthand goes through it. The exp…
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High 7.3
SQL::Abstract versions from 1.90_01 before 2.000001_04 for Perl allow SQL injection via the where values of a nested statement in an identifier position
SQL::Abstract versions from 1.90_01 before 2.000001_04 for Perl allow SQL injection via the where values of a nested statement in an identifier position. A nested statement such as { -select => ... } in a position where plain scalars are identifiers treats it…
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Medium 4.8
Duplicator < 5.1.0 - Subscriber+ SQLi via Charset and Collation Rewriter During Restore
The Duplicator WordPress plugin before 5.1.0, duplicator-pro WordPress plugin before 5.1.0 does not restrict its database charset and collation rewrite to schema statements during a restore, so a value a Subscriber stores in their own profile can break out of…
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High 7.3
funadmin Frontend List Endpoint index selectList sql injection
A security flaw has been discovered in funadmin 7.1.0. Impacted is the function Curd::selectList of the file /frontend/ajax/index of the component Frontend List Endpoint. The manipulation of the argument selectFields results in sql injection. The attack can b…
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High 8.8
RosarioSIS before 12.9 SQL Injection via period_id in Attendance Absence Report
RosarioSIS before 12.9 contains a sql injection vulnerability that allows authenticated non-student users, including parents, to inject SQL via the unquoted period_id parameter in StudentSummary.php. Attackers can supply payloads without single quotes into IN…
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High 7.3
sumiie24 School-Management-System Public Search Feature parent_Login.php sql injection
A flaw has been found in sumiie24 School-Management-System up to d946d649c7c95e101fc5679ecd91999533bb10d7. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file parent_Login.php of the component Public Search Feature. Executing a manipulation of th…
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High 7.3
mathurvishal CloudClassroom-PHP-Project facultydetails.php sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in mathurvishal CloudClassroom-PHP-Project. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file facultydetails.php. The manipulation of the argument deleteid leads to sql injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The …
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High 7.2
Chamilo LMS: Blind SQL Injection in model.ajax.php via filters[groupOp] authentificated
Chamilo LMS is an open-source learning management system. Prior to 1.11.40 and 2.0.1, an authenticated administrator can call the get_sessions action in /main/inc/ajax/model.ajax.php with _search=true and a crafted JSON filters parameter whose groupOp field c…
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High 7.5
Unauthenticated Adjacent SQL Injection Vulnerability in HPE Networking Fabric Composer
A SQL injection vulnerability exists in HPE Networking Fabric Composer. Successful exploitation could allow an unauthenticated adjacent attacker to run arbitrary database commands.
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High 7.4
Elo: Code injection in Elo backends via unvalidated emission of programmatic AST fields
Elo is a purely functional expression language for no-code tools. Prior to 1.0.1, Elo's programmatic AST API accepts arbitrary values from JSON-deserialized input, plugin output, or other untyped sources and interpolates them into generated JavaScript, Ruby, …
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Medium 6.8
Post-authentication Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability …
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Medium 6.3
NVIDIA Slurm contains an attacker-controlled SQL injection attack in certain SlurmDBD RPCs that can lead to arbitrary c…