Weakness (CWE)
CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command
The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
For example, consider using persistence layers such as Hibernate or Enterprise Java Beans, which can provide significant protection against SQL injection if used properly.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Process SQL queries using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or stored procedures. These features should accept parameters or variables and support strong typing. Do not dynamically construct and execute query strings within these features using "exec" or similar functionality, since this may re-introduce the possibility of SQL injection. [REF-867]
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Specifically, follow the principle of least privilege when creating user accounts to a SQL database. The database users should only have the minimum privileges necessary to use their account. If the requirements of the system indicate that a user can read and modify their own data, then limit their privileges so they cannot read/write others' data. Use the strictest permissions possible on all database objects, such as execute-only for stored procedures.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
Instead of building a new implementation, such features may be available in the database or programming language. For example, the Oracle DBMS_ASSERT package can check or enforce that parameters have certain properties that make them less vulnerable to SQL injection. For MySQL, the mysql_real_escape_string() API function is available in both C and PHP.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When constructing SQL query strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing SQL injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent SQL injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, the name "O'Reilly" would likely pass the validation step, since it is a common last name in the English language. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the database because it contains the "'" apostrophe character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the apostrophe might reduce the risk of SQL injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the wrong name would be recorded.
When feasible, it may be safest to disallow meta-characters entirely, instead of escaping them. This will provide some defense in depth. After the data is entered into the database, later processes may neglect to escape meta-characters before use, and you may not have control over those processes.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
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Implementation
Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
In the context of SQL Injection, error messages revealing the structure of a SQL query can help attackers tailor successful attack strings.
Source: MITRE CWE-89
13,971 results · Feed
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High 8.8
Guardian Language-System SQL Injection via id Parameter in text_file.php
Guardian language-system passes the id GET parameter directly into an unsanitized SQL query in text_file.php (line 17): SELECT id, filename, extension, type, duration, owner, private FROM files where id = '\".$_GET['id'].\"'. An authenticated attacker can per…
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High 8.8
Guardian Language-System SQL Injection via id Parameter in media.php
Guardian language-system passes the id GET parameter directly into an unsanitized SQL query in media.php (line 17): SELECT id, filename, extension, type, duration, owner, private FROM files where id = '\".$_GET['id'].\"'. An authenticated attacker can perform…
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Critical 9.8
Guardian Language-System Unauthenticated SQL Injection via id Parameter in job_info.php
Guardian language-system passes the id GET parameter directly into an unsanitized SQL query in job_info.php (line 16): SELECT * FROM jobs where id = '\".$_GET['id'].\"'. No authentication is required. An unauthenticated attacker can perform error-based SQL in…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-57517 Public exploit
Control Web Panel < 0.9.8.1225 Blind SQL Injection via userRes Parameter
Control Web Panel before 0.9.8.1225 contains a blind SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by submitting unsanitized input through the userRes POST parameter at the user endpoint. Attackers c…
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Medium 6.5
MotoPress Appointment Booking <= 2.4.5 - Authenticated (Staff+) SQL Injection via 's' Parameter
The MotoPress Appointment Booking plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to generic SQL Injection via the 's' parameter in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.5 due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lack of sufficient preparation on t…
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High 7.5
BookingPress Appointment Booking Pro <= 5.7.1 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection via 'store_service_date' Parameter
The BookingPress Appointment Booking Pro plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the 'store_service_date' parameter of the bpa_assign_staffmember_to_slots() function in versions up to and including 5.7.1. This is due to the explicit use of str…
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Medium 6.5
Taskbuilder <= 5.0.8 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) SQL Injection via 'wppm_proj_filter' Parameter
The Taskbuilder – Project Management & Task Management Tool With Kanban Board plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to generic SQL Injection via the 'wppm_proj_filter' parameter in all versions up to, and including, 5.0.8 due to insufficient escaping on the user…
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Medium 6.5
Taskbuilder <= 5.0.8 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) SQL Injection via 'task_search' Parameter
The Taskbuilder – Project Management & Task Management Tool With Kanban Board plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to generic SQL Injection via the 'task_search' parameter in all versions up to, and including, 5.0.8 due to insufficient escaping on the user supp…
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Critical 9.8
SQL Injection vulnerability in UTT nv518G nv518GV3v3.2.7-210919-161313 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary co…
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Medium 6.5
SQL Injection vulnerability in GoAdminGroup GoAdmin (last release v1.2.26) allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrar…
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Critical 9.3
SQL Injection in StoneFly Storage Concentrator
Storage Concentrator (SC & SCVM) is vulnerable to SQL injection through cookie values processed by the login.pl and debug.pl scripts. The cookie value is incorporated directly into database queries without adequate sanitization, allowing an unauthenticated re…
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High 7.6
Dolibarr - SQL Injection via sqlfilters Parameter in Multiple REST API List Endpoints
Dolibarr through 23.0.3, fixed in commit 14db36e, contains a sql injection vulnerability that allows authenticated API users to exfiltrate arbitrary database contents by supplying malicious values to the sqlfilters query parameter in the setup dictionary and …
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Medium 5.4
Apache Gravitino: SQL misconfiguration can access or truncate files
SQL misconfiguration in the Gravitino UI, in versions 1.0.0 and below, can allow a malicious user to read or truncate files. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.0.0, which fixes this issue.
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Critical 9.8
SQLi in Exagate's SYSGUARD 6001
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command ('SQL injection') vulnerability in Eksagate Electronic Engineering and Computer Industry Trade Inc. SYSGUARD 6001 allows Blind SQL Injection. This issue affects SYSGUARD 6001: from 2.0.2 befor…
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Critical 9.8
DBIx::QuickORM versions before 0.000026 for Perl allow SQL injection via unquoted SQL identifiers
DBIx::QuickORM versions before 0.000026 for Perl allow SQL injection via unquoted SQL identifiers. The default SQL builder, a SQL::Abstract subclass, sets bindtype in its constructor but never quote_char, so SQL::Abstract emits identifiers verbatim. Caller-su…
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Critical 9.3
SQL Injection in Redeight CMS
An SQL Injection vulnerability exists in Redeight CMS version 1.0 via the "userEmail" parameter in the POST "/admin/index.php" login endpoint. The application fails to sanitize user input and directly interpolates it into SQL queries without using prepared st…
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Critical 9.8
EventON - WordPress Virtual Event Calendar Plugin <= 5.0.11 - Unauthenticated Blind SQL Injection via Search Parameter
The EventON - WordPress Virtual Event Calendar Plugin plugin for WordPress (full) is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the WordPress 'search' parameter in versions up to, and including, 5.0.11 due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lack…
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Critical 9.3
SQL Injection in Raytha CMS
Raytha CMS is vulnerable to SQL Injection within the OData filter parsing pipeline. The vulnerability allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary SQL statements against the underlying PostgreSQL database, leading to full database compromis…
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High 8.5
SigNoz 0.130.1 - SQL Injection in Alert History Endpoints via Rule ID Parameter
SigNoz through 0.130.1 contains a SQL injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary ClickHouse queries by injecting URL-encoded quotes into the rule ID path parameter of the alert-history endpoints. Attackers can manipulate …
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Medium 6.0
Snowflake CLI SQL Injection Through Improper Neutralization of Parameters in Secret Creation and SPCS Service Log Commands
Improper neutralization of parameters in Snowflake CLI versions prior to 3.19 allowed unintended SQL execution. An attacker could exploit this by supplying crafted values to vulnerable command paths, causing Snowflake CLI to execute unintended SQL in the cont…
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Low 3.6
Snowflake CLI SQL Injection Through Improper Neutralization of Local CLI Parameters
Improper neutralization of local CLI parameters in Snowflake CLI versions prior to 3.19 allowed unintended SQL execution. A user could trigger this issue by supplying crafted values to vulnerable Cortex SQL or object listing command paths, causing Snowflake C…
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High 8.3
Snowflake CLI SQL Injection Through Improper Neutralization of User-Controlled Input
Improper neutralization of attacker-controlled content in Snowflake CLI versions prior to 3.19 allowed unintended SQL execution. By supplying crafted repository content, project configuration, manifest data, or specification input, an attacker could cause Sno…
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Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Hospital Management System patientchangepassword.php sql injection
A weakness has been identified in itsourcecode Hospital Management System 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /patientchangepassword.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument newpassword can lead to sql injection. The att…
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Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Hospital Management System patientdetail.php sql injection
A security flaw has been discovered in itsourcecode Hospital Management System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /patientdetail.php. Performing a manipulation of the argument editid results in sql injection. The attac…
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Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Hospital Management System insertbillingrecord.php sql injection
A vulnerability has been found in itsourcecode Hospital Management System 1.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /insertbillingrecord.php. The manipulation of the argument patientid leads to sql injection. It is possible to initiate the …
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Medium 4.7
weng-xianhu EyouCMS API index.php sql injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in weng-xianhu EyouCMS up to 1.7.1. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /index.php of the component API. Such manipulation of the argument click_like leads to sql injection. The attack can be execu…
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High 7.1
FrontAccounting < 2.4.20 SQL Injection via rep601.php
FrontAccounting before 2.4.20 contains a SQL injection vulnerability in the Bank Statement report handler that allows authenticated attackers to extract arbitrary database data by injecting UNION SELECT payloads into the PARAM_0 POST parameter. Attackers can …
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High 8.1
FrontAccounting < 2.4.20 SQL Injection via reporting/rep710.php
FrontAccounting before 2.4.20 contains a SQL injection vulnerability in the Audit Trail report handler that allows authenticated attackers with SA_GLANALYTIC permission to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code into the PARAM_2 and PARAM_3 …
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High 8.1
FrontAccounting < 2.4.20 SQL Injection via get_gl_transactions()
FrontAccounting before 2.4.20 contains a SQL injection vulnerability in the get_gl_transactions() function where the filter_type parameter is concatenated directly into a SQL IN() clause without parameterization. Attackers with SA_GLANALYTIC permission can in…
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High 7.3
SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System preview3.php sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /preview3.php. The manipulation of the argument course_year_section leads to sql injection. The attack may…
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High 7.3
SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System edit_class1.php sql injection
A vulnerability was determined in SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System 1.0/1.php. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /edit_class1.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument ID can lead to sql injection. The a…
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High 7.3
code-projects Real State Services single-list_sale.php add sql injection
A weakness has been identified in code-projects Real State Services 1.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /single-list_sale.php?action=add. Executing a manipulation of the argument ID can lead to sql injection. The attack can be executed remotely. …
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High 7.3
itsourcecode Online Hotel Management System controller.php add sql injection
A vulnerability was found in itsourcecode Online Hotel Management System 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /admin/mod_users/controller.php?action=add. The manipulation of the argument Name results in sql injection. The atta…
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High 7.3
itsourcecode Online Hotel Management System controller.php edit sql injection
A vulnerability was detected in itsourcecode Online Hotel Management System 1.0. This impacts an unknown function of the file /admin/mod_amenities/controller.php?action=edit. Performing a manipulation of the argument amen_id results in sql injection. It is po…
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High 7.3
itsourcecode Baptism Information Management System editBaptism.php sql injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in itsourcecode Baptism Information Management System 1.0. This affects an unknown function of the file /editBaptism.php. Such manipulation of the argument ID leads to sql injection. The attack may be performed from …
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High 7.3
itsourcecode Baptism Information Management System delbaptism.php sql injection
A weakness has been identified in itsourcecode Baptism Information Management System 1.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /delbaptism.php. This manipulation of the argument ID causes sql injection. The attack is possible to be carried …
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Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Hospital Management System doctortimings.php sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in itsourcecode Hospital Management System 1.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /doctortimings.php. The manipulation of the argument editid leads to sql injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The e…
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Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Hospital Management System doctorprofile.php sql injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in itsourcecode Hospital Management System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /doctorprofile.php. The manipulation of the argument doctorname leads to sql injection. It is possible to initiate the attac…
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Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Hospital Management System doctorchangepassword.php sql injection
A weakness has been identified in itsourcecode Hospital Management System 1.0. This impacts an unknown function of the file /doctorchangepassword.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument newpassword can lead to sql injection. The attack may be performed …
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Medium 6.3
CodeAstro Human Resource Management System View Endpoint Employee_model.php GetFileInfo sql injection
A flaw has been found in CodeAstro Human Resource Management System 1.0. This vulnerability affects the function GetFileInfo of the file hrsystem/application/models/Employee_model.php of the component View Endpoint. Executing a manipulation of the argument ID…