Weakness (CWE)
CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command
The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
For example, consider using persistence layers such as Hibernate or Enterprise Java Beans, which can provide significant protection against SQL injection if used properly.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Process SQL queries using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or stored procedures. These features should accept parameters or variables and support strong typing. Do not dynamically construct and execute query strings within these features using "exec" or similar functionality, since this may re-introduce the possibility of SQL injection. [REF-867]
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Specifically, follow the principle of least privilege when creating user accounts to a SQL database. The database users should only have the minimum privileges necessary to use their account. If the requirements of the system indicate that a user can read and modify their own data, then limit their privileges so they cannot read/write others' data. Use the strictest permissions possible on all database objects, such as execute-only for stored procedures.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
Instead of building a new implementation, such features may be available in the database or programming language. For example, the Oracle DBMS_ASSERT package can check or enforce that parameters have certain properties that make them less vulnerable to SQL injection. For MySQL, the mysql_real_escape_string() API function is available in both C and PHP.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When constructing SQL query strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing SQL injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent SQL injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, the name "O'Reilly" would likely pass the validation step, since it is a common last name in the English language. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the database because it contains the "'" apostrophe character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the apostrophe might reduce the risk of SQL injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the wrong name would be recorded.
When feasible, it may be safest to disallow meta-characters entirely, instead of escaping them. This will provide some defense in depth. After the data is entered into the database, later processes may neglect to escape meta-characters before use, and you may not have control over those processes.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
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Implementation
Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
In the context of SQL Injection, error messages revealing the structure of a SQL query can help attackers tailor successful attack strings.
Source: MITRE CWE-89
13,955 results · Feed
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Medium 6.5
Tanium addressed a SQL injection vulnerability in Patch.
Tanium addressed a SQL injection vulnerability in Patch.
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High 7.3
oretnom23 php-travel-agency-system Contact Form contact_insert.php sql injection
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High 7.3
oretnom23 php-travel-agency-system traceapplication.php sql injection
A security flaw has been discovered in oretnom23 php-travel-agency-system 4e28b8f84d72420373dd15c3ae32900beb7e0635. Impacted is an unknown function of the file traceapplication.php. The manipulation of the argument Search results in sql injection. It is possi…
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Critical 9.9
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') (CWE-89)
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. A low-privileged attacker could…
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Critical 9.1
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') (CWE-89)
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. An attacker with high privilege…
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Critical 10.0
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') (CWE-89)
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. An attacker could exploit this …
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Critical 9.1
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') (CWE-89)
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. A low-privileged attacker could leverage this vulnerability to by…
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High 7.3
oretnom23 php-travel-agency-system Admin Record Pages customer_detail.php sql injection
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High 7.3
oretnom23 php-travel-agency-system Admin Search Pages customer_search.php sql injection
A vulnerability was determined in oretnom23 php-travel-agency-system. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file admin/customer_search.php of the component Admin Search Pages. Executing a manipulation of the argument customer_name/voucher_no/emp_name…
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Critical 9.0
A vulnerability allowing an authenticated organization-transfer peer to inject SQL into the configuration database of t…
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High 8.4
NVIDIA NeMo Agent Toolkit contains vulnerability where an attacker could cause a SQL injection issue. A successful expl…
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Critical 9.3
Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - Unauthenticated SQL injection in Gridbox < 2.20.4.2
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Medium 4.9
YesWiki before 4.7.0 SQL Injection via despam.php INTERVAL operand
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Medium 6.5
YesWiki before 4.7.0 Read-ACL Bypass via SQL LIKE Wildcards in Usernames
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High 8.2
OpenPanel before 3.0.0 Unauthenticated ClickHouse SQL Injection via /live/visitors WebSocket
OpenPanel before 3.0.0 contains an unauthenticated ClickHouse SQL injection vulnerability that allows remote attackers to inject SQL through the projectId parameter of the /live/visitors/:projectId WebSocket, which lacks session and project-access checks. Att…
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Medium 6.5
OpenPanel before 3.0.0 ClickHouse SQL Injection via conversion.service.ts
OpenPanel before 3.0.0 contains an sql injection vulnerability in ConversionService.getConversion that allows project-read members and share-link holders to inject ClickHouse SQL through unescaped event names and dates. Attackers can break out of string liter…
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Medium 6.5
OpenPanel before 3.0.0 ClickHouse SQL Injection via cohort.preview profile filter
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High 7.2
OpenPanel before 3.0.0 ClickHouse SQL Injection via profile.values
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Medium 6.5
OpenPanel before 3.0.0 ClickHouse SQL Injection via event.events tRPC Query
OpenPanel before 3.0.0 contains an sql injection vulnerability that allows authenticated users to bypass tenant scoping by injecting unescaped profile filter names into a JOIN subquery. Attackers can supply a crafted filter name with a trailing comment to byp…
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Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Online Book Store book.php sql injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in itsourcecode Online Book Store 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /book.php. The manipulation of the argument bookisbn leads to sql injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotel…
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Critical 9.8
BUG-000187511 - ArcGIS Server has a security vulnerability.
There is a SQL injection vulnerability in Esri ArcGIS Server versions 12.1 and earlier on Windows and Linux that may allow a remote attacker with privileges to access the service (which could, depending on the service being configured in a non-default access …
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High 7.3
SQL injection in the database-query custom resource handlers in Amazon Web Services (AWS) Cloud Development Kit (CDK) @aws-cdk/aws-redshift-alpha
SQL injection in the database-query custom resource handlers in the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Cloud Development Kit (CDK) @aws-cdk/aws-redshift-alpha module before 2.274.0-alpha.0 could allow a third party who can influence construct property values to run SQ…
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Medium 5.4
Apache SIS: SQL injection via unvalidated ORDER BY sort expression in the SQL feature store
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High 7.6
Dolibarr ERP CRM 19.0.0 before 23.0.4 SQL Injection via bankaccounts API type field
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High 7.1
An SQL Injection vulnerability exists in the dashboard widget data API endpoint (/api/data/{type}). Chart filter parame…
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High 7.1
A SQL injection vulnerability exists in a contact lookup AJAX endpoint of the Mautic administration interface (/s/ajax)…
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High 8.5
WordPress JetEngine plugin <= 3.9.0 - SQL Injection vulnerability
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High 8.5
WordPress Media LIbrary Assistant plugin <= 3.42 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in David Lingren Media LIbrary Assistant media-library-assistant allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects Media LIbrary Assistant: from n/a through 3.42.
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High 7.3
HashenUdara edoc-doctor-appointment-system add-new.php sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in HashenUdara edoc-doctor-appointment-system up to cc258425b915d1af9e298777ccd26d160493e68d. The affected element is an unknown function of the file admin/add-new.php. The manipulation of the argument spec leads to sql injectio…
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Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Online Cake Ordering System deletetransac.php sql injection
A vulnerability was found in itsourcecode Online Cake Ordering System 1.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /deletetransac.php. The manipulation of the argument ID results in sql injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The e…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-31158 Public exploit
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High 7.3
SourceCodester Performance Indicator System save_profile.php sql injection
A security flaw has been discovered in SourceCodester Performance Indicator System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /opils/staff/save_profile.php. The manipulation of the argument Contact results in sql injection. The attack may be …
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High 7.3
SourceCodester Performance Indicator System edit_dealer.php sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in SourceCodester Performance Indicator System 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /opils/staff/edit_dealer.php. The manipulation of the argument Contact leads to sql injection. The attack may be initiated r…
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High 7.3
SourceCodester Performance Indicator System adddealer.php sql injection
A vulnerability was determined in SourceCodester Performance Indicator System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /opils/staff/adddealer.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument Contact can lead to sql injection. The attack can be launched remo…
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Medium 6.3
SourceCodester Performance Indicator System deleteproduct.php sql injection
A vulnerability was detected in SourceCodester Performance Indicator System 1.0. This impacts an unknown function of the file /opils/admin/deleteproduct.php. The manipulation of the argument ID results in sql injection. The attack may be performed from remote…
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High 8.2
YesWiki 4.5.0 before 4.7.0 SQL Injection via date_maj_fiche in Bazar entry create
YesWiki 4.5.0 before 4.7.0 contains an SQL injection vulnerability in PageManager::save(), where the date_maj_fiche field of a Bazar entry-creation request is concatenated unescaped into an INSERT statement. Unauthenticated attackers on default installs can i…
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Critical 9.1
YesWiki 4.6.0 before 4.7.0 SQL Injection via Bazar Entries Search API
YesWiki 4.6.0 before 4.7.0 and 5.0.0-alpha1 before 5.0.0-alpha4 contains an unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability in SearchManager::prepareSearchRequest(). Field names from the query and searchfields parameters of the public Bazar entries search API are…
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Medium 4.9
SiYuan before v3.8.7 SQL Injection via History Search op and query
SiYuan before v3.8.7 contains an sql injection vulnerability that allows admin-token holders to read history.db by injecting unescaped op and type=3 query values. Attackers can send crafted UNION SELECT payloads to searchHistory or getHistoryItems endpoints t…
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High 7.3
krupalshah Employee Recruitment System Registration registerform3.php sql injection
A vulnerability has been found in krupalshah Employee Recruitment System up to 922ff6d208278282e7c8e36d70d9ae356adec9fe. This affects an unknown part of the file /source/registerform3.php of the component Registration. The manipulation of the argument pemail …
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High 7.3
krupalshah EmployeeRecruitmentSystem Registration Wizard registerform2.php mysql_query sql injection
A flaw has been found in krupalshah EmployeeRecruitmentSystem up to 922ff6d208278282e7c8e36d70d9ae356adec9fe. Affected by this issue is the function mysql_query of the file /source/registerform2.php of the component Registration Wizard. Executing a manipulati…