Weakness (CWE)
CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command
The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
For example, consider using persistence layers such as Hibernate or Enterprise Java Beans, which can provide significant protection against SQL injection if used properly.
-
Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Process SQL queries using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or stored procedures. These features should accept parameters or variables and support strong typing. Do not dynamically construct and execute query strings within these features using "exec" or similar functionality, since this may re-introduce the possibility of SQL injection. [REF-867]
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Specifically, follow the principle of least privilege when creating user accounts to a SQL database. The database users should only have the minimum privileges necessary to use their account. If the requirements of the system indicate that a user can read and modify their own data, then limit their privileges so they cannot read/write others' data. Use the strictest permissions possible on all database objects, such as execute-only for stored procedures.
-
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
-
Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
Instead of building a new implementation, such features may be available in the database or programming language. For example, the Oracle DBMS_ASSERT package can check or enforce that parameters have certain properties that make them less vulnerable to SQL injection. For MySQL, the mysql_real_escape_string() API function is available in both C and PHP.
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When constructing SQL query strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing SQL injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent SQL injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, the name "O'Reilly" would likely pass the validation step, since it is a common last name in the English language. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the database because it contains the "'" apostrophe character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the apostrophe might reduce the risk of SQL injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the wrong name would be recorded.
When feasible, it may be safest to disallow meta-characters entirely, instead of escaping them. This will provide some defense in depth. After the data is entered into the database, later processes may neglect to escape meta-characters before use, and you may not have control over those processes.
-
Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
-
Implementation
Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
In the context of SQL Injection, error messages revealing the structure of a SQL query can help attackers tailor successful attack strings.
Source: MITRE CWE-89
13,971 results · Feed
-
High 7.3
code-projects Simple Laundry System userchecklogin.php sql injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in code-projects Simple Laundry System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /userchecklogin.php. Such manipulation of the argument userid leads to sql injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely.…
-
Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Construction Management System borrowed_tool_report.php sql injection
A weakness has been identified in itsourcecode Construction Management System 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /borrowed_tool_report.php. This manipulation of the argument Home causes sql injection. It is possible to initi…
-
High 7.3
PHPGurukul Online Course Registration check_availability.php sql injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in PHPGurukul Online Course Registration 3.1. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /admin/check_availability.php. The manipulation of the argument regno leads to sql injection. The attack can be ini…
-
High 7.3
PHPGurukul Online Course Registration check_availability.php sql injection
A weakness has been identified in PHPGurukul Online Course Registration 3.1. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /check_availability.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument cid can lead to sql injection. It is possible to launch the atta…
-
High 7.3
code-projects Easy Blog Site contact_us.php sql injection
A weakness has been identified in code-projects Easy Blog Site up to 1.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /users/contact_us.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument Name can lead to sql injection. The attack can be launched remote…
-
High 7.5
LORIS has a SQL injection in MRI feedback popup
LORIS (Longitudinal Online Research and Imaging System) is a self-hosted web application that provides data- and project-management for neuroimaging research. Prior to 27.0.3 and 28.0.1, a SQL injection has been identified in some code sections for the MRI fe…
-
High 7.5CVE-2026-3396 Scanner template
WCAPF – WooCommerce Ajax Product Filter <= 4.2.3 - Unauthenticated Time-Based SQL Injection
WCAPF – WooCommerce Ajax Product Filter plugin is vulnerable to time-based SQL Injection via the 'post-author' parameter in all versions up to, and including, 4.2.3 due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lack of sufficient preparation…
-
Medium 6.5
User Registration & Membership <= 5.1.2 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) SQL Injection via membership_ids[]
The User Registration & Membership – Free & Paid Memberships, Subscriptions, Content Restriction, User Profile, Custom User Registration & Login Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the ‘membership_ids[]’ parameter in all versions u…
-
High 7.3
Movable Type provided by Six Apart Ltd. contains an SQL Injection vulnerability which may allow an attacker to execute …
-
High 8.5
WordPress Simply Schedule Appointments plugin <= 1.6.9.27 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in NSquared Simply Schedule Appointments simply-schedule-appointments allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects Simply Schedule Appointments: from n/a throu…
-
High 7.6
WordPress FOX plugin <= 1.4.5 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in RealMag777 FOX woocommerce-currency-switcher allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects FOX: from n/a through <= 1.4.5.
-
High 7.6
WordPress YayMail plugin <= 4.3.3 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in YayCommerce YayMail yaymail allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects YayMail: from n/a through <= 4.3.3.
-
High 7.6
WordPress Amelia plugin <= 2.1.1 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in ameliabooking Amelia ameliabooking allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects Amelia: from n/a through <= 2.1.1.
-
High 8.5
WordPress Download Monitor plugin <= 5.1.8 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in WP Chill Download Monitor download-monitor allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects Download Monitor: from n/a through <= 5.1.8.
-
High 7.6
WordPress OttoKit plugin <= 1.1.20 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in Brainstorm Force OttoKit suretriggers allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects OttoKit: from n/a through <= 1.1.20.
-
High 7.6
WordPress User Feedback plugin <= 1.10.1 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in Syed Balkhi User Feedback userfeedback-lite allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects User Feedback: from n/a through <= 1.10.1.
-
High 7.6
WordPress Broken Link Checker plugin <= 2.4.7 - SQL Injection vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in WPMU DEV - Your All-in-One WordPress Platform Broken Link Checker broken-link-checker allows Blind SQL Injection.This issue affects Broken Link Checker: from…
-
Medium 5.4
Attendance Manager <= 0.6.2 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) SQL Injection via 'attmgr_off' Parameter
The Attendance Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the 'attmgr_off' parameter in all versions up to, and including, 0.6.2. This is due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lack of sufficient preparation on th…
-
High 8.8
SQL Injection vulnerability exists in MATCHA INVOICE 2.6.6 and earlier. If this vulnerability is exploited, information…
-
High 7.5
SQL Injection via escapeName() in all Drizzle ORM SQL dialects
Drizzle is a modern TypeScript ORM. Prior to 0.45.2 and 1.0.0-beta.20, Drizzle ORM improperly escaped quoted SQL identifiers in its dialect-specific escapeName() implementations. In affected versions, embedded identifier delimiters were not escaped before the…
-
High 7.3
PowerJob detailPlus Endpoint InstanceController.java sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in PowerJob 5.1.0/5.1.1/5.1.2. Impacted is an unknown function of the file powerjob-server/powerjob-server-starter/src/main/java/tech/powerjob/server/web/controller/InstanceController.java of the component detailPlus Endpoint. T…
-
High 8.8
ChurchCRM has a Second Order SQLI via FundRaiserEditor.php
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. Prior to 7.1.0, a second order SQL injection vulnerability was found in the endpoint /FundRaiserEditor.php in ChurchCRM. A user has to be authenticated but doesn't need any privileges. These users can inje…
-
High 7.2
ChurchCRM has a SQL Injection in Event Type Editor (Admin)
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. Prior to 7.1.0, a SQL injection vulnerability exists in the EditEventTypes.php file, which is only accessible to administrators. The EN_tyid POST parameter is not sanitized before being used in a SQL query…
-
Critical 9.4
ChurchCRM has a SQL injection searchwhat parameter via QueryView.php
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. Prior to 7.1.0, the searchwhat parameter via QueryView.php with the QueryID=15 is vulnerable to a SQL injection. The authenticated user requires access to Data/Reports > Query Menu and access to the "Advan…
-
High 8.1
SQL injection in ChurchCRM.0
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. Prior to 7.1.0, the application is vulnerable to time-based SQL injection due to an improper input validation. Endpoint Reports/ConfirmReportEmail.php?familyId= is not correctly sanitising user input, spec…
-
High 8.1
ChurchCRM has a SQL Injection in PropertyTypeEditor.php via Incorrect Sanitizer Substitution
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. Prior to 7.1.0, a SQL injection vulnerability exists in PropertyTypeEditor.php, part of the administration functionality for managing property type categories (People → Person Properties / Family Propertie…
-
High 8.8
ChurchCRM has a Blind SQL injection in SettingsIndividual.php
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. Prior to 7.1.0, an SQL injection vulnerability was found in the endpoint /SettingsIndividual.php in ChurchCRM 7.0.5. Authenticated users without any specific privileges can inject arbitrary SQL statements …
-
High 8.8
ChurchCRM has a Blind SQL injection in PropertyAssign.php
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. Prior to 7.1.0, an SQL injection vulnerability was found in the endpoint /PropertyAssign.php in ChurchCRM. Authenticated users with the role Manage Groups & Roles (ManageGroups) and Edit Records (isEditRec…
-
High 8.8
ChurchCRM has a Blind SQL injection in EventNames.php
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. Prior to 7.1.0, an SQL injection vulnerability was identified in /EventNames.php in ChurchCRM. Authenticated users with AddEvent privileges can inject SQL via the newEvtTypeCntLst parameter during event ty…
-
High 8.8
ChurchCRM has a SQL injection in MemberRoleChange.php
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. Prior to 7.1.0, an SQL injection vulnerability was found in the endpoint /MemberRoleChange.php in ChurchCRM 7.0.5. Authenticated users with the role Manage Groups & Roles (ManageGroups) can inject arbitrar…
-
High 8.8
ChurchCRM has a Blind SQL injection in PropertyTypeEditor.php
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. Prior to 7.1.0, an SQL injection vulnerability was found in the endpoint /PropertyTypeEditor.php in ChurchCRM. Authenticated users with the role isMenuOptionsEnabled can inject arbitrary SQL statements thr…
-
High 7.2
ChurchCRM has a Blind SQL injection in SettingsUser.php
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. Prior to 7.1.0, an SQL injection vulnerability was found in the endpoint /SettingsUser.php in ChurchCRM 7.0.5. Authenticated administrative users can inject arbitrary SQL statements through the type array …
-
High 8.8
ChurchCRM has a DDL SQL Injection in GroupPropsFormRowOps.php
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. Versions prior to 7.1.0 have an SQL injection vulnerability in the endpoints `/GroupPropsFormRowOps.php`, `/PersonCustomFieldsRowOps.php`, and `/FamilyCustomFieldsRowOps.php`. A user has to be authenticate…
-
Critical 9.9
Windmill < 1.603.3 File Ownership Handling SQLi RCE
Windmill CE and EE versions 1.276.0 through 1.603.2 contain an SQL injection vulnerability in the folder ownership management functionality that allows authenticated attackers to inject SQL through the owner parameter. An attacker can use the injection to rea…
-
Critical 9.3
Frappe has a SQL injection in bulk_update
Frappe is a full-stack web application framework. Prior to 16.14.0 and 15.104.0, Frappe has a SQL injection in bulk_update. This vulnerability is fixed in 16.14.0 and 15.104.0.
-
Medium 6.4
runZero Platform SQL injection in saved queries
An issue that allowed a SQL injection attack vector related to saved queries (introduced in version 4.0.260123.0). This is an instance of CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection'), and has an estimated CVSS s…
-
Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Construction Management System borrowedtool.php sql injection
A flaw has been found in itsourcecode Construction Management System 1.0. This affects an unknown function of the file /borrowedtool.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument code can lead to sql injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. Th…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2024-36058 Public exploit
The Send Basket functionality in Koha Library before 23.05.10 is susceptible to Time-Based SQL Injection because it fai…
-
High 8.8
WeGIA has a SQL Injection in DespachoDAO.php via id_memorando parameter
WeGIA is a Web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to 3.6.9, WeGIA (Web gerenciador para instituições assistenciais) contains a SQL injection vulnerability in dao/memorando/DespachoDAO.php. The id_memorando parameter is extracted from $_REQUEST without…
-
High 8.7
EcclesiaCRM has a Critical SQL Injection
EcclesiaCRM is CRM Software for church management. Prior to 8.0.0, there is a SQL injection vulnerability in v2/templates/query/queryview.php via the custom and value parameters. This vulnerability is fixed in 8.0.0.