Weakness (CWE)
CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command
The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
For example, consider using persistence layers such as Hibernate or Enterprise Java Beans, which can provide significant protection against SQL injection if used properly.
-
Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Process SQL queries using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or stored procedures. These features should accept parameters or variables and support strong typing. Do not dynamically construct and execute query strings within these features using "exec" or similar functionality, since this may re-introduce the possibility of SQL injection. [REF-867]
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Specifically, follow the principle of least privilege when creating user accounts to a SQL database. The database users should only have the minimum privileges necessary to use their account. If the requirements of the system indicate that a user can read and modify their own data, then limit their privileges so they cannot read/write others' data. Use the strictest permissions possible on all database objects, such as execute-only for stored procedures.
-
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
-
Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
Instead of building a new implementation, such features may be available in the database or programming language. For example, the Oracle DBMS_ASSERT package can check or enforce that parameters have certain properties that make them less vulnerable to SQL injection. For MySQL, the mysql_real_escape_string() API function is available in both C and PHP.
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When constructing SQL query strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing SQL injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent SQL injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, the name "O'Reilly" would likely pass the validation step, since it is a common last name in the English language. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the database because it contains the "'" apostrophe character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the apostrophe might reduce the risk of SQL injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the wrong name would be recorded.
When feasible, it may be safest to disallow meta-characters entirely, instead of escaping them. This will provide some defense in depth. After the data is entered into the database, later processes may neglect to escape meta-characters before use, and you may not have control over those processes.
-
Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
-
Implementation
Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
In the context of SQL Injection, error messages revealing the structure of a SQL query can help attackers tailor successful attack strings.
Source: MITRE CWE-89
13,971 results · Feed
-
Medium 6.3
SourceCodester Simple E-learning System HTTP GET Parameter delete_post.php sql injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in SourceCodester Simple E-learning System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /includes/form_handlers/delete_post.php of the component HTTP GET Parameter Handler. The manipulation of the argument post_id l…
-
Medium 6.3
SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System HTTP POST Request view_product.php sql injection
A weakness has been identified in SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /view_product.php of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument searchtxt …
-
Medium 6.3
SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System HTTP POST Request view_payments.php sql injection
A security flaw has been discovered in SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /view_payments.php of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argume…
-
Medium 6.3
SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System HTTP POST Request view_customers.php sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /view_customers.php of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. Such manipulation of the argument searchtxt leads to sql injection. Th…
-
Medium 6.3
SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System HTTP POST Request view_category.php sql injection
A vulnerability was determined in SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System 1.0. This impacts an unknown function of the file /view_category.php of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. This manipulation of the argument searchtxt causes sql injection. Remo…
-
Medium 6.3
SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System HTTP GET Request update_supplier.php sql injection
A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Sales and Inventory System 1.0. This affects an unknown function of the file /update_supplier.php of the component HTTP GET Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument sid results in sql injection. The attack …
-
High 7.5
WP Maps – Store Locator,Google Maps,OpenStreetMap,Mapbox,Listing,Directory & Filters <= 4.9.1 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection via 'orderby' Parameter
The WP Maps – Store Locator,Google Maps,OpenStreetMap,Mapbox,Listing,Directory & Filters plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to time-based SQL Injection via the ‘orderby’ parameter in all versions up to, and including, 4.9.1 due to insufficient escaping on the…
-
Medium 4.7
code-projects Simple Gym Management System func.php sql injection
A vulnerability has been found in code-projects Simple Gym Management System up to 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /gym/func.php. Such manipulation of the argument Trainer_id/fname leads to sql injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The…
-
High 7.3
projectworlds Online Notes Sharing System Parameters login.php sql injection
A vulnerability was detected in projectworlds Online Notes Sharing System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /login.php of the component Parameters Handler. The manipulation of the argument User results in sql injection. The attack ca…
-
Medium 6.3
code-projects Simple Food Ordering System all-tickets.php sql injection
A vulnerability was detected in code-projects Simple Food Ordering System 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file all-tickets.php. The manipulation of the argument Status results in sql injection. It is possible to launch the att…
-
Medium 5.3
apconw Aix-DB terminology_retriever.py sql injection
A security flaw has been discovered in apconw Aix-DB up to 1.2.3. This impacts an unknown function of the file agent/text2sql/rag/terminology_retriever.py. Performing a manipulation of the argument Description results in sql injection. The attack requires a l…
-
High 8.2
i-doit CMDB 1.12 SQL Injection via objGroupID Parameter
i-doit CMDB 1.12 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the objGroupID parameter. Attackers can send GET requests with crafted SQL payloads in the objG…
-
High 8.2
phpTransformer 2016.9 SQL Injection via GeneratePDF.php
phpTransformer 2016.9 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the idnews parameter. Attackers can send crafted GET requests to GeneratePDF.php with SQL payloads …
-
High 8.2
Kepler Wallpaper Script 1.1 SQL Injection via category
Kepler Wallpaper Script 1.1 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code into the category parameter. Attackers can send GET requests to the category endpoint with U…
-
High 8.2
SimplePress CMS 1.0.7 SQL Injection via p and s Parameters
SimplePress CMS 1.0.7 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the 'p' and 's' parameters. Attackers can send GET requests with crafted SQL payloads to e…
-
High 7.1
Green CMS 2.x SQL Injection via cat Parameter
Green CMS 2.x contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the cat parameter. Attackers can send GET requests to index.php with m=admin, c=posts, a=index param…
-
Medium 6.3
vanna-ai vanna base.py ask sql injection
A vulnerability was detected in vanna-ai vanna up to 2.0.2. Affected by this vulnerability is the function ask of the file vanna\legacy\base\base.py. Performing a manipulation results in sql injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The ex…
-
Medium 6.5
ElementCamp <= 2.3.6 - Authenticated (Author+) SQL Injection via 'meta_query[compare]' Parameter
The ElementCamp plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to time-based SQL Injection via the 'meta_query[compare]' parameter in the 'tcg_select2_search_post' AJAX action in all versions up to, and including, 2.3.6. This is due to the user-supplied compare value bei…
-
Medium 6.5
Pre* Party Resource Hints <= 1.8.20 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) SQL Injection via 'hint_ids' Parameter
The Pre* Party Resource Hints plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the 'hint_ids' parameter of the pprh_update_hints AJAX action in all versions up to, and including, 1.8.20. This is due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied paramet…
-
High 7.5
Quentn WP <= 1.2.12 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection via 'qntn_wp_access' Cookie
The Quentn WP plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the 'qntn_wp_access' cookie in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.12. This is due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lack of sufficient preparation on the exist…
-
High 7.5
Fonts Manager | Custom Fonts <= 1.2 - Unauthenticated SQL Injection via fmcfIdSelectedFnt parameter
The Fonts Manager | Custom Fonts plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to time-based SQL Injection via the ‘fmcfIdSelectedFnt’ parameter in all versions up to, and including, 1.2 due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lack of sufficient …
-
High 8.8
CMS Commander <= 2.288 - Authenticated (Custom+) SQL Injection via 'or_blogname' Parameter
The CMS Commander plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the 'or_blogname', 'or_blogdescription', and 'or_admin_email' parameters in all versions up to, and including, 2.288. This is due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter…
-
High 7.2
myLinksDump <= 1.6 - Authenticated (Administrator+) SQL Injection via 'sort_by' and 'sort_order' Parameters
The myLinksDump plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the 'sort_by' and 'sort_order' parameters in all versions up to, and including, 1.6 due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lack of sufficient preparation on the e…
-
High 7.3
PbootCMS Member Login MemberController.php checkUsername sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in PbootCMS up to 3.2.12. The impacted element is the function checkUsername of the file apps/home/controller/MemberController.php of the component Member Login. The manipulation of the argument Username leads to sql injection. …
-
Medium 6.3
Mindinventory MindSQL mindsql_core.py ask_db sql injection
A vulnerability was determined in Mindinventory MindSQL up to 0.2.1. The affected element is the function ask_db of the file mindsql/core/mindsql_core.py. Executing a manipulation can lead to sql injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has…
-
High 8.1
OneUptime: ClickHouse SQL Injection via unvalidated column identifiers in sort, select, and groupBy parameters
OneUptime is a solution for monitoring and managing online services. Prior to version 10.0.34, the fix for CVE-2026-32306 (ClickHouse SQL injection via aggregate query parameters) added column name validation to the _aggregateBy method but did not apply the s…
-
High 7.3
eosphoros-ai db-gpt Incomplete Fix editor sql injection
A flaw has been found in eosphoros-ai db-gpt up to 0.7.5. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /api/v1/editor/ of the component Incomplete Fix. This manipulation causes sql injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit …
-
High 7.3
QuRouter
An SQL injection vulnerability has been reported to affect QHora. If a local attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute unauthorized code or commands. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following ve…
-
Medium 6.3
itsourcecode College Management System search_student.php sql injection
A vulnerability has been found in itsourcecode College Management System 1.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /admin/search_student.php. The manipulation of the argument Search leads to sql injection. The attack is possible to be carri…
-
Critical 9.3
WeGIA has Authenticated Time-Based Blind SQL Injection in `restaurar_produto.php` via `id_produto` parameter
WeGIA is a web manager for charitable institutions. Versions 3.6.5 and below contain an authenticated SQL Injection vulnerability in the html/matPat/restaurar_produto.php endpoint. The vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker to inject arbitrary SQL com…
-
High 8.6
WeGIA has an arbitrary SQL execution vulnerability via crafted backup archive
WeGIA is a web manager for charitable institutions. In versions 3.6.5 and 3.6.6, the loadBackupDB() function imports SQL files from uploaded backup archives without any content validation. An attacker can craft a backup archive containing arbitrary SQL statem…
-
Medium 4.7
itsourcecode Online Doctor Appointment System appointment_action.php sql injection
A vulnerability was detected in itsourcecode Online Doctor Appointment System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /admin/appointment_action.php. The manipulation of the argument appointment_id results in sql injection. The attack can b…
-
Medium 6.3
itsourcecode Online Frozen Foods Ordering System admin_edit_supplier.php sql injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in itsourcecode Online Frozen Foods Ordering System 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /admin/admin_edit_supplier.php. The manipulation of the argument Supplier_Name leads to sql injection. The …
-
Medium 4.7
itsourcecode Online Frozen Foods Ordering System admin_edit_employee.php sql injection
A weakness has been identified in itsourcecode Online Frozen Foods Ordering System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /admin/admin_edit_employee.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument First_Name can lead to sql injection. It is possible to l…
-
High 8.6
AVideo-Encoder is Vulnerable to Authenticated SQL Injection via ORDER BY Clause
AVideo is a video-sharing Platform. Versions prior to 8.0 contain a SQL Injection vulnerability in the getSqlFromPost() method of Object.php. The $_POST['sort'] array keys are used directly as SQL column identifiers inside an ORDER BY clause. Although real_es…
-
Medium 4.7
itsourcecode Online Frozen Foods Ordering System admin_edit_menu.php sql injection
A security flaw has been discovered in itsourcecode Online Frozen Foods Ordering System 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /admin/admin_edit_menu.php. Performing a manipulation of the argument product_name results in sql inj…
-
High 7.1
ERP has a possibility SQL Injection vulnerability due to missing validation
ERP is a free and open source Enterprise Resource Planning tool. In versions prior to 16.8.0 and 15.100.0, certain endpoints were vulnerable to time-based and boolean-based blind SQL injection due to insufficient parameter validation, allowing attackers to in…
-
High 8.6
SQLBot: RCE via SQL Injection in Excel Upload Endpoint
SQLBot is an intelligent data query system based on a large language model and RAG. Versions prior to 1.7.0 contain a critical SQL Injection vulnerability in the /api/v1/datasource/uploadExcel endpoint that enables Remote Code Execution (RCE), allowing any au…
-
Medium 4.7
itsourcecode Online Frozen Foods Ordering System admin_edit_menu_action.php sql injection
A vulnerability was identified in itsourcecode Online Frozen Foods Ordering System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin/admin_edit_menu_action.php. Such manipulation of the argument product_name leads to sql injec…
-
High 8.8
Open Source Point of Sale is Vulnerable to SQL Injection Through its Item Search Functionality
Open Source Point of Sale is a web based point-of-sale application written in PHP using CodeIgniter framework. Versions contain an SQL Injection in the Items search functionality. When the custom attribute search feature is enabled (search_custom filter), use…