Weakness (CWE)
CWE-98: PHP Remote File Inclusion"
The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in "require," "include," or similar functions.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
-
Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
-
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent lists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
-
Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Source: MITRE CWE-98
71 results · Clear filters · Feed
-
Critical 9.9
SuiteCRM: LFI to RCE via AOW_WorkFlow
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to 7.15.2 and 8.10.2, the workflow controller uses a path-traversal-capable aow_action value in require_once() without constraining the resolved fi…
-
Critical 9.8
WordPress Rootblox plugin <= 1.0.6 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in CozyThemes Rootblox rootblox allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Rootblox: from n/a through 1.0.6.
-
Critical 9.8
WordPress DirectoryPress plugin <= 3.6.27 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Designinvento DirectoryPress directorypress allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects DirectoryPress: from n/a through 3.6.27.
-
Critical 9.1
InvoicePlane: Remote Code Execution via Writable Templates Directory
InvoicePlane is a self-hosted open source application for managing invoices, clients, and payments. Prior to 1.7.2-rc-1, InvoicePlane builds its permitted template list by scanning a PHP template directory that can be written through an administrator-controll…
-
Critical 9.8
Visual Composer Website Builder <= 45.16.0 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion via 'vcv-template' Parameter
The Visual Composer Website Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 45.16.0 via the `vcv-template` parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include and execute arbitrar…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-11613 Public exploit
Divi Ajax Filter <= 5.1.2 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion via 'custom_loop_template' Parameter
The Divi Ajax Filter plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.2 via the 'custom_loop_template' parameter parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include and execute arbitra…
-
Critical 9.8
WordPress WP Cafe Pro plugin < 3.0.15 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion in WP Cafe Pro < 3.0.15 versions.
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-7515 Public exploit
BetterDocs Pro <= 3.8.0 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion via doc_style
The BetterDocs Pro plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in versions up to, and including, 3.8.0 via the `doc_style` parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include and execute arbitrary .php files on the server…
-
Critical 9.9
Mautic vulnerable to Path Traversal via Campaign Import
A path traversal vulnerability exists in the campaign import feature of Mautic 7. When extracting uploaded ZIP files during campaign imports, a flaw in the validation logic allows file paths to escape the intended temporary directories. An authenticated user …
-
Critical 9.4
Concrete CMS 9.5.0 and below is vulnerable to Authenticated RCE via Composer customTemplate Path Traversal leading to PHP File Inclusion
Concrete CMS 9.5.0 and below fails to sanitize path traversal sequences in the ptComposerFormLayoutSetControlCustomTemplate field when saving page type composer form layouts. An authenticated rogue administrator with composer form editing rights can exploit t…
-
Critical 10.0
Froxlor has Local File Inclusion via path traversal in API `def_language` parameter that leads to Remote Code Execution
Froxlor is open source server administration software. Prior to version 2.3.6, the Froxlor API endpoint `Customers.update` (and `Admins.update`) does not validate the `def_language` parameter against the list of available language files. An authenticated cust…
-
Critical 9.8
WordPress BuilderPress plugin <= 2.0.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThimPress BuilderPress builderpress allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects BuilderPress: from n/a through <= 2.0.1.
-
Critical 9.8
WellChoose｜IFTOP - Local File Inclusion
IFTOP developed by WellChoose has a Local File Inclusion vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on the server.
-
Critical 9.8
WordPress Healer - Doctor, Clinic & Medical WordPress Theme theme <= 1.0.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Healer - Doctor, Clinic & Medical WordPress Theme healer allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Healer - Doctor, Clin…
-
Critical 9.8
Prodigy Commerce <= 3.3.0 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion via parameters[template_name]
The Prodigy Commerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.0 via the 'parameters[template_name]' parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include and read arbitrary files…
-
Critical 9.1CVE-2026-25548 Public exploit
InvoicePlane Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Local File Inclusion and Log Poisoning
InvoicePlane is a self-hosted open source application for managing invoices, clients, and payments. A critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability exists in InvoicePlane 1.7.0 through a chained Local File Inclusion (LFI) and Log Poisoning attack. An aut…
-
Critical 9.8
Gila CMS < 2.0.0 - Remote Code Execution
Gila CMS versions prior to 2.0.0 contain a remote code execution vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary system commands through manipulated HTTP headers. Attackers can inject PHP code in the User-Agent header with shell_exec(…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2025-14502 Public exploit
News and Blog Designer Bundle <= 1.1 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion
The News and Blog Designer Bundle plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.1 via the template parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include and execute arbitrary .php files…
-
Critical 9.8
WordPress EasyEat theme <= 1.9.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes EasyEat easyeat allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects EasyEat: from n/a through <= 1.9.0.
-
Critical 9.8
dcat-admin v2.2.3-beta and before is vulnerable to file inclusion in admin/src/Extend/VersionManager.php.
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2025-63888 Public exploit
The read function in file thinkphp\library\think\template\driver\File.php in ThinkPHP 5.0.24 contains a remote code exe…
-
Critical 9.8
Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion in php module
An unauthenticated remote attacker can execute arbitrary php files and gain full access of the affected devices.
-
Critical 9.8
Local File Inclusion in ArkSigner's AcBakImzala
Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere, Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ArkSigner Software and Hardware Inc. AcBakImzala allows PHP Local File Inclusion…
-
Critical 9.8
WP Travel Engine – Tour Booking Plugin – Tour Operator Software <= 6.6.7 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion
The WP Travel Engine – Tour Booking Plugin – Tour Operator Software plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 6.6.7 via the mode parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include …
-
Critical 9.8
JoomSport <= 5.7.3 - Unauthenticated Directory Traversal to Local File Inclusion
The JoomSport – for Sports: Team & League, Football, Hockey & more plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 5.7.3 via the task parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include a…
-
Critical 10.0
WordPress BeeTeam368 Extensions Plugin <= 1.9.4 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in beeteam368 BeeTeam368 Extensions beeteam368-extensions allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects BeeTeam368 Extensions: from n/a …
-
Critical 9.8
WordPress Geo Mashup plugin <= 1.13.16 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Dylan Kuhn Geo Mashup geo-mashup allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Geo Mashup: from n/a through <= 1.13.16.
-
Critical 9.8
WellChoose｜Organization Portal System - Local File Inclusion
Organization Portal System developed by WellChoose has a Local File Inclusion vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on the server.
-
Critical 10.0CVE-2012-10025 Public exploit
WordPress Plugin Advanced Custom Fields <= 3.5.1 Remote File Inclusion
The WordPress plugin Advanced Custom Fields (ACF) version 3.5.1 and below contains a remote file inclusion (RFI) vulnerability in core/actions/export.php. When the PHP configuration directive allow_url_include is enabled (default: Off), an unauthenticated att…
-
Critical 9.0
Access to local file system and its content
File contents could be read from the local file system by an attacker. Additionally, malicious code could be inserted in the file, leading to a full compromise of the web application and the container it is running on. The vulnerable component is bound to the…
-
Critical 9.8
Ads Pro Plugin - Multi-Purpose WordPress Advertising Manager <= 4.89 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion to Remote Code Execution
The Ads Pro Plugin - Multi-Purpose WordPress Advertising Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion which leads to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 4.89. This is due to the presence of a SQL Injection vulnera…
-
Critical 10.0
Convey Panel Directory Traversal in LocaleController leading to Remote Code Execution
Convoy is a KVM server management panel for hosting businesses. In versions 3.9.0-rc3 to before 4.4.1, there is a directory traversal vulnerability in the LocaleController component of Performave Convoy. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vul…
-
Critical 9.0
WordPress Motors - Events plugin <= 1.4.7 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in StylemixThemes Motors - Events stm-motors-events allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Motors - Events: from n/a through <= 1…
-
Critical 9.8
WordPress Fable Extra plugin <= 1.0.6 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in WPFable Fable Extra fable-extra allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Fable Extra: from n/a through <= 1.0.6.
-
Critical 9.8
WordPress WPAMS plugin <= 44.0 - Local File Inclusion to Privilege Escalation vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in mojoomla WPAMS apartment-management allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects WPAMS: from n/a through <= 44.0.
-
Critical 9.2
Local File Inclusion (LFI) leading to sensitive data exposure
Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability in a Render function of Formulatrix Rock Maker Web (RMW) allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive data via arbitrary code execution. A malicious actor could execute malicious scripts to automatically download confi…
-
Critical 9.9
Wisdom Master Pro - Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program
A improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP program vulnerability in the retrieve course Information function of Wisdom Master Pro versions 5.0 through 5.2 allows remote attackers to perform arbitrary system commands by running a malic…
-
Critical 9.8
WordPress Build App Online Plugin <= 1.0.23 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in hakeemnala Build App Online build-app-online allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Build App Online: from n/a through <= 1.0.…
-
Critical 9.6
WordPress Hide My WP Ghost plugin <= 5.4.01 - Local File Inclusion to RCE vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in John Darrel Hide My WP Ghost hide-my-wp allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Hide My WP Ghost: from n/a through <= 5.4.01.
-
Critical 9.8
WordPress Docpro plugin <= 2.0.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Rashid Docpro docpro allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Docpro: from n/a through <= 2.0.1.