Description
The Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement Protocol allows remote attackers (from the client side) to send arbitrary numbers that are actually not public keys, and trigger expensive server-side DHE modular-exponentiation calculations, aka a D(HE)at or D(HE)ater attack. The client needs very little CPU resources and network bandwidth. The attack may be more disruptive in cases where a client can require a server to select its largest supported key size. The basic attack scenario is that the client must claim that it can only communicate with DHE, and the server must be configured to allow DHE.
Fixed in Linux distributions
Distributions backport fixes, so the version that fixes this vulnerability differs per release — upgrade to at least the version shown. From the distributions' security trackers and advisories.
openSUSE
Security tracker ↗| Release | Package | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| openSUSE Tumbleweed | openssl-1_1 | 1.1.1m-4.1 | openSUSE-SU-2024:11905-1 |
| openSUSE Tumbleweed | ssh-audit | 3.2.0-1.1 | openSUSE-SU-2024:13932-1 |
Public exploits
Exploit or proof-of-concept code for this vulnerability is publicly available, which lowers the bar for attackers. Treat it as a reason to patch sooner.
GitHub 2 repositories
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c0r0n3r/dheater ★ 223 · Aug 31, 2021
D(HE)ater is a proof of concept implementation of the D(HE)at attack (CVE-2002-20001) through which denial-of-service can be performed by enforcing the Diffie-Hellman key exchange. (read-only clone o…
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itmaniac/dheat_dos_attack_poc ★ 0 · Jul 28, 2025
POC for Testing the Existence of D(HE)at DOS Attack for (CVE-2002-20001)
Sources: PoC-in-GitHub, Metasploit Framework, Exploit-DB — updated daily. Only links are listed; no exploit code is hosted here.
Advisories 10
- VDE-2024-017 Pepperl+Fuchs: ICE2- * and ICE3- * are affected by multiple vulnerabilities CERT@VDE · May 18, 2026
- openSUSE-SU-2024:11905-1 libopenssl-1_1-devel-1.1.1m-4.1 on GA media SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Feb 4, 2026
- openSUSE-SU-2024:13932-1 ssh-audit-3.2.0-1.1 on GA media SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Feb 4, 2026
- WID-SEC-2023-1352 TLS Implementierungen: Schwachstelle ermöglicht Denial of Service BSI CERT-Bund (WID) · Dec 14, 2025
- WID-SEC-2024-3056 Diffie-Hellman Implementierungen: Mehrere Schwachstellen ermöglichen Denial of Service BSI CERT-Bund (WID) · Jul 29, 2025
- VDE-2023-001 PHOENIX CONTACT: Multiple Vulnerabilities in PLCnext Firmware CERT@VDE · Jun 5, 2025
- WID-SEC-2023-1886 Sophos Unified Threat Management (UTM) Software: Mehrere Schwachstellen BSI CERT-Bund (WID) · Jun 26, 2024
- SSA-506569 SSA-506569: Multiple Vulnerabilities in SCALANCE W1750D Siemens ProductCERT · Feb 14, 2023
- ICSA-22-314-10 Siemens SCALANCE W1750D CISA ICS & IT advisories · Feb 14, 2023
- WID-SEC-2022-2251 Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager: Mehrere Schwachstellen BSI CERT-Bund (WID) · Dec 6, 2022
References
- https://github.com/Balasys/dheater
- https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anton-Stiglic-2/publication/2401745_Security_Issues_in_the_Diffie-Hellman_Key_Agreement_Protocol
- https://www.reddit.com/r/netsec/comments/qdoosy/server_overload_by_enforcing_dhe_key_exchange/
- https://github.com/mozilla/ssl-config-generator/issues/162
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-506569.pdf
- https://www.suse.com/support/kb/doc/?id=000020510
- https://www.openssl.org/blog/blog/2022/10/21/tls-groups-configuration/
- https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2022-004.txt
- https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K83120834
- https://dheatattack.com
- https://gitlab.com/dheatattack/dheater
- https://dheatattack.gitlab.io/
- https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10374117