perf: Fix perf_pending_task() UaF

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

perf: Fix perf_pending_task() UaF

Per syzbot it is possible for perf_pending_task() to run after the
event is free()'d. There are two related but distinct cases:

- the task_work was already queued before destroying the event;
- destroying the event itself queues the task_work.

The first cannot be solved using task_work_cancel() since
perf_release() itself might be called from a task_work (____fput),
which means the current->task_works list is already empty and
task_work_cancel() won't be able to find the perf_pending_task()
entry.

The simplest alternative is extending the perf_event lifetime to cover
the task_work.

The second is just silly, queueing a task_work while you know the
event is going away makes no sense and is easily avoided by
re-arranging how the event is marked STATE_DEAD and ensuring it goes
through STATE_OFF on the way down.