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High · 8.1 CVE-2023-53186 EUVD-2023-59790GHSA-2937-wfx7-vxfg

skbuff: Fix a race between coalescing and releasing SKBs

Published Sep 15, 2025 · Updated Oct 15, 2026 · Assigned by Linux

Vendor: Linux Product: Linux Package: linux Package: linux Package: linux-allwinner-5.19 Package: linux-aws Package: linux-aws-5.0 Package: linux-aws-5.11 Package: linux-aws-5.13 Package: linux-aws-5.15 Package: linux-aws-5.19 Package: linux-aws-5.3 Package: linux-aws-5.8 Package: linux-aws-6.2 Package: linux-aws-6.5 Package: linux-azure Package: linux-azure-5.11 Package: linux-azure-5.13 Package: linux-azure-5.15 Package: linux-azure-5.19 Package: linux-azure-5.3 Package: linux-azure-5.8 Package: linux-azure-6.11 Package: linux-azure-6.2 Package: linux-azure-6.5 Package: linux-azure-edge Package: linux-azure-fde Package: linux-azure-fde-5.19 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.2 Package: linux-bluefield Package: linux-fips Package: linux-gcp Package: linux-gcp-5.11 Package: linux-gcp-5.13 Package: linux-gcp-5.15 Package: linux-gcp-5.19 Package: linux-gcp-5.3 Package: linux-gcp-5.8 Package: linux-gcp-6.11 Package: linux-gcp-6.2 Package: linux-gcp-6.5 Package: linux-gke Package: linux-gke-4.15 Package: linux-gke-5.15 Package: linux-gke-5.4 Package: linux-gkeop Package: linux-gkeop-5.15 Package: linux-gkeop-5.4 Package: linux-hwe Package: linux-hwe-5.11 Package: linux-hwe-5.13 Package: linux-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-hwe-5.8 Package: linux-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-hwe-edge Package: linux-ibm Package: linux-ibm-5.15 Package: linux-intel Package: linux-intel-5.13 Package: linux-intel-iot-realtime Package: linux-intel-iotg Package: linux-intel-iotg-5.15 Package: linux-kvm Package: linux-lowlatency Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-nvidia Package: linux-nvidia-6.2 Package: linux-nvidia-6.5 Package: linux-nvidia-tegra Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-igx Package: linux-oem Package: linux-oem-5.10 Package: linux-oem-5.13 Package: linux-oem-5.14 Package: linux-oem-5.17 Package: linux-oem-5.6 Package: linux-oem-6.0 Package: linux-oem-6.1 Package: linux-oem-6.11 Package: linux-oem-6.5 Package: linux-oem-6.8 Package: linux-oracle Package: linux-oracle-5.0 Package: linux-oracle-5.11 Package: linux-oracle-5.13 Package: linux-oracle-5.15 Package: linux-oracle-5.3 Package: linux-oracle-5.8 Package: linux-oracle-6.5 Package: linux-raspi Package: linux-raspi-realtime Package: linux-raspi2 Package: linux-realtime Package: linux-riscv Package: linux-riscv-5.11 Package: linux-riscv-5.15 Package: linux-riscv-5.19 Package: linux-riscv-5.8 Package: linux-riscv-6.5 Package: linux-starfive-5.19 Package: linux-starfive-6.2 Package: linux-starfive-6.5 Package: linux-vmware Package: linux-xilinx-zynqmp Platform: Linux Ecosystem: Debian Ecosystem: Ubuntu

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

skbuff: Fix a race between coalescing and releasing SKBs

Commit 1effe8ca4e34 ("skbuff: fix coalescing for page_pool fragment
recycling") allowed coalescing to proceed with non page pool page and page
pool page when @from is cloned, i.e.

to->pp_recycle --> false
from->pp_recycle --> true
skb_cloned(from) --> true

However, it actually requires skb_cloned(@from) to hold true until
coalescing finishes in this situation. If the other cloned SKB is
released while the merging is in process, from_shinfo->nr_frags will be
set to 0 toward the end of the function, causing the increment of frag
page _refcount to be unexpectedly skipped resulting in inconsistent
reference counts. Later when SKB(@to) is released, it frees the page
directly even though the page pool page is still in use, leading to
use-after-free or double-free errors. So it should be prohibited.

The double-free error message below prompted us to investigate:
BUG: Bad page state in process swapper/1 pfn:0e0d1
page:00000000c6548b28 refcount:-1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000
index:0x2 pfn:0xe0d1
flags: 0xfffffc0000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x1fffff)
raw: 000fffffc0000000 0000000000000000 ffffffff00000101 0000000000000000
raw: 0000000000000002 0000000000000000 ffffffffffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: nonzero _refcount

CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Tainted: G E 6.2.0+
Call Trace:
<IRQ>
dump_stack_lvl+0x32/0x50
bad_page+0x69/0xf0
free_pcp_prepare+0x260/0x2f0
free_unref_page+0x20/0x1c0
skb_release_data+0x10b/0x1a0
napi_consume_skb+0x56/0x150
net_rx_action+0xf0/0x350
? __napi_schedule+0x79/0x90
__do_softirq+0xc8/0x2b1
__irq_exit_rcu+0xb9/0xf0
common_interrupt+0x82/0xa0
</IRQ>
<TASK>
asm_common_interrupt+0x22/0x40
RIP: 0010:default_idle+0xb/0x20

Affected products

VendorProductAffectedFixed
Linux Linux 5.15 5.15.108

Fixed in Linux distributions

Distributions backport fixes, so the version that fixes this vulnerability differs per release — upgrade to at least the version shown. From the distributions' security trackers and advisories.

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian 14 linux 6.1.25-1 —
Debian 13 linux 6.1.25-1 —
Debian 12 linux 6.1.25-1 —
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 22.04 LTS linux-bluefield 5.15.0-1022.24 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-intel +9 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux 5.15.0-79.86 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-aws 5.15.0-1042.47 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure 5.15.0-1045.52 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-fde 5.15.0-1045.52.1 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gcp 5.15.0-1039.47 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gke +1 5.15.0-1039.44 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gkeop 5.15.0-1025.30 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-ibm +1 5.15.0-1035.38 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-intel-iotg 5.15.0-1037.42 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-lowlatency 5.15.0-79.88 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia 5.15.0-1030.30 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra 5.15.0-1016.16 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra-igx 5.15.0-1002.2 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-oracle 5.15.0-1040.46 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-riscv +32 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-xilinx-zynqmp 5.15.0-1025.29 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-aws-5.15 5.15.0-1041.46~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-azure-5.15 5.15.0-1045.52~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-gcp-5.15 5.15.0-1039.47~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-gke +28 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-hwe-5.15 5.15.0-79.86~20.04.2 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-ibm-5.15 5.15.0-1036.39~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-intel-iotg-5.15 5.15.0-1037.42~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 5.15.0-79.88~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 5.15.0-1016.16~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-oracle-5.15 5.15.0-1040.46~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-riscv-5.15 5.15.0-1038.42~20.04.2 —
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS linux-gcp +14 No fix yet —
Show 3 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS linux-hwe-edge No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-intel-iot-realtime 5.15.0-1036.38 —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime 5.15.0-1043.48 —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-preview 22.04 LTS linux-fips No fix yet —
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
RHEL 9.2 E4S bpftool 7.0.0-284.142.1.el9_2 RHSA-2025:17734
RHEL 9.2 E4S kpatch-patch-5_14_0-284_104_1 1-11.el9_2 RHSA-2025:17896
RHEL 9.2 E4S kpatch-patch-5_14_0-284_117_1 1-8.el9_2 RHSA-2025:17896
RHEL 9.2 E4S kpatch-patch-5_14_0-284_134_1 1-2.el9_2 RHSA-2025:17896
RHEL 9.2 E4S kpatch-patch-5_14_0-284_79_1 1-15.el9_2 RHSA-2025:17896
RHEL 9.2 E4S kpatch-patch-5_14_0-284_92_1 1-13.el9_2 RHSA-2025:17896
RHEL 9.2 E4S perf +47 5.14.0-284.142.1.el9_2 RHSA-2025:17734

Amazon Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Amazon Linux 2023 kernel-livepatch-6.1.25-37.47 1.0-0.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2023-169
Amazon Linux 2023 perf +12 6.1.25-37.47.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2023-169

Advisories 4

References