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Medium · 5.5 CVE-2023-53291 EUVD-2023-59898GHSA-7472-5646-8g66

rcu/rcuscale: Stop kfree_scale_thread thread(s) after unloading rcuscale

Published Sep 16, 2025 · Updated May 11, 2026 · Assigned by Linux

Vendor: Linux Product: Linux Package: linux Package: linux Package: linux-allwinner-5.19 Package: linux-aws Package: linux-aws-5.0 Package: linux-aws-5.11 Package: linux-aws-5.13 Package: linux-aws-5.15 Package: linux-aws-5.19 Package: linux-aws-5.3 Package: linux-aws-5.8 Package: linux-aws-6.2 Package: linux-aws-6.5 Package: linux-azure Package: linux-azure-5.11 Package: linux-azure-5.13 Package: linux-azure-5.15 Package: linux-azure-5.19 Package: linux-azure-5.3 Package: linux-azure-5.8 Package: linux-azure-6.11 Package: linux-azure-6.2 Package: linux-azure-6.5 Package: linux-azure-edge Package: linux-azure-fde Package: linux-azure-fde-5.19 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.2 Package: linux-bluefield Package: linux-fips Package: linux-gcp Package: linux-gcp-5.11 Package: linux-gcp-5.13 Package: linux-gcp-5.15 Package: linux-gcp-5.19 Package: linux-gcp-5.3 Package: linux-gcp-5.8 Package: linux-gcp-6.11 Package: linux-gcp-6.2 Package: linux-gcp-6.5 Package: linux-gke Package: linux-gke-4.15 Package: linux-gke-5.15 Package: linux-gke-5.4 Package: linux-gkeop Package: linux-gkeop-5.15 Package: linux-gkeop-5.4 Package: linux-hwe Package: linux-hwe-5.11 Package: linux-hwe-5.13 Package: linux-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-hwe-5.8 Package: linux-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-hwe-edge Package: linux-ibm Package: linux-ibm-5.15 Package: linux-intel Package: linux-intel-5.13 Package: linux-intel-iot-realtime Package: linux-intel-iotg Package: linux-intel-iotg-5.15 Package: linux-kvm Package: linux-lowlatency Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-nvidia Package: linux-nvidia-6.2 Package: linux-nvidia-6.5 Package: linux-nvidia-tegra Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-igx Package: linux-oem Package: linux-oem-5.10 Package: linux-oem-5.13 Package: linux-oem-5.14 Package: linux-oem-5.17 Package: linux-oem-5.6 Package: linux-oem-6.0 Package: linux-oem-6.1 Package: linux-oem-6.11 Package: linux-oem-6.5 Package: linux-oem-6.8 Package: linux-oracle Package: linux-oracle-5.0 Package: linux-oracle-5.11 Package: linux-oracle-5.13 Package: linux-oracle-5.15 Package: linux-oracle-5.3 Package: linux-oracle-5.8 Package: linux-oracle-6.5 Package: linux-raspi Package: linux-raspi-realtime Package: linux-raspi2 Package: linux-realtime Package: linux-riscv Package: linux-riscv-5.11 Package: linux-riscv-5.15 Package: linux-riscv-5.19 Package: linux-riscv-5.8 Package: linux-riscv-6.5 Package: linux-starfive-5.19 Package: linux-starfive-6.2 Package: linux-starfive-6.5 Package: linux-vmware Package: linux-xilinx-zynqmp Platform: Linux Ecosystem: Debian Ecosystem: Ubuntu

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

rcu/rcuscale: Stop kfree_scale_thread thread(s) after unloading rcuscale

Running the 'kfree_rcu_test' test case [1] results in a splat [2].
The root cause is the kfree_scale_thread thread(s) continue running
after unloading the rcuscale module. This commit fixes that isue by
invoking kfree_scale_cleanup() from rcu_scale_cleanup() when removing
the rcuscale module.

[1] modprobe rcuscale kfree_rcu_test=1
// After some time
rmmod rcuscale
rmmod torture

[2] BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffffffc0601a87
#PF: supervisor instruction fetch in kernel mode
#PF: error_code(0x0010) - not-present page
PGD 11de4f067 P4D 11de4f067 PUD 11de51067 PMD 112f4d067 PTE 0
Oops: 0010 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI
CPU: 1 PID: 1798 Comm: kfree_scale_thr Not tainted 6.3.0-rc1-rcu+ #1
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015
RIP: 0010:0xffffffffc0601a87
Code: Unable to access opcode bytes at 0xffffffffc0601a5d.
RSP: 0018:ffffb25bc2e57e18 EFLAGS: 00010297
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffffffc061f0b6 RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff962fd0de RDI: ffffffff962fd0de
RBP: ffffb25bc2e57ea8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 000000000000000a R15: 00000000001c1dbe
FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff921fa2200000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: ffffffffc0601a5d CR3: 000000011de4c006 CR4: 0000000000370ee0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Call Trace:
<TASK>
? kvfree_call_rcu+0xf0/0x3a0
? kthread+0xf3/0x120
? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20
? ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30
</TASK>
Modules linked in: rfkill sunrpc ... [last unloaded: torture]
CR2: ffffffffc0601a87
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---

Affected products

VendorProductAffectedFixed
Linux Linux 5.6 5.10.188

Fixed in Linux distributions

Distributions backport fixes, so the version that fixes this vulnerability differs per release — upgrade to at least the version shown. From the distributions' security trackers and advisories.

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian 14 linux 6.4.4-1 —
Debian 13 linux 6.4.4-1 —
Debian 12 linux 6.1.52-1 —
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 22.04 LTS linux-bluefield 5.15.0-1027.29 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-intel +9 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux 5.15.0-86.96 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-aws 5.15.0-1047.52 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure 5.15.0-1049.56 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-fde 5.15.0-1049.56.1 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gcp 5.15.0-1044.52 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gke +1 5.15.0-1044.49 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gkeop 5.15.0-1030.35 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-ibm +1 5.15.0-1040.43 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-intel-iotg 5.15.0-1043.49 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-lowlatency 5.15.0-86.95 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia 5.15.0-1037.37 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra 5.15.0-1018.18 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra-igx 5.15.0-1005.5 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-oracle 5.15.0-1045.51 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-riscv +32 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-xilinx-zynqmp 5.15.0-1025.29 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-aws-5.15 5.15.0-1047.52~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-azure-5.15 5.15.0-1049.56~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-gcp-5.15 5.15.0-1044.52~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-gke +28 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-hwe-5.15 5.15.0-86.96~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-ibm-5.15 5.15.0-1040.43~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-intel-iotg-5.15 5.15.0-1043.49~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 5.15.0-86.95~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 5.15.0-1018.18~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-oracle-5.15 5.15.0-1045.51~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-riscv-5.15 5.15.0-1043.47~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS linux-gcp +14 No fix yet —
Show 3 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS linux-hwe-edge No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-intel-iot-realtime 5.15.0-1040.42 —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime 5.15.0-1048.54 —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-preview 22.04 LTS linux-fips No fix yet —
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
RHEL 9 bpftool 7.4.0-503.11.1.el9_5 RHSA-2024:9315
RHEL 9 rv +67 5.14.0-503.11.1.el9_5 RHSA-2024:9315
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-64kb +6 6.4.0-150700.53.22.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4057-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150700.20.18.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4132-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150700.53.22.1.150700.17.15.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4057-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-64kb +6 6.4.0-150600.23.73.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03600-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150600.8.52.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03634-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150600.23.73.1.150600.12.32.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03600-1
Show 6 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-35.1.21.12 SUSE-SU-2025:20861-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-rt +1 6.4.0-37.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20898-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-source +2 6.4.0-35.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20861-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-35.1.21.12 SUSE-SU-2025:20851-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-rt +1 6.4.0-37.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20870-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-source +2 6.4.0-35.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20851-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-default 6.4.0-150700.53.22.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4057-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_6 1-150700.1.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4141-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_6 1-150700.15.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4057-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-default 6.4.0-150600.23.73.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03600-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_16 1-150600.1.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:3751-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_16 1-150600.13.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03600-1
SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP7 kernel-rt +2 6.4.0-150700.7.22.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4141-1
SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP6 kernel-rt +3 6.4.0-150600.10.55.1 SUSE-SU-2025:3751-1
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
openSUSE Leap 15.6 dtb-aarch64 +10 6.4.0-150600.23.73.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03600-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150600.8.52.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03634-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150600.23.73.1.150600.12.32.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03600-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-rt +3 6.4.0-150600.10.55.1 SUSE-SU-2025:3751-1

Advisories 12

References