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Medium · 4.7 CVE-2023-53368 EUVD-2023-59958GHSA-mrjw-9wmf-9mph

tracing: Fix race issue between cpu buffer write and swap

Published Sep 17, 2025 · Updated May 11, 2026 · Assigned by Linux

Vendor: Linux Product: Linux Package: linux Package: linux Package: linux-allwinner-5.19 Package: linux-aws Package: linux-aws-5.0 Package: linux-aws-5.11 Package: linux-aws-5.13 Package: linux-aws-5.15 Package: linux-aws-5.19 Package: linux-aws-5.3 Package: linux-aws-5.4 Package: linux-aws-5.8 Package: linux-aws-6.2 Package: linux-aws-6.5 Package: linux-aws-fips Package: linux-aws-hwe Package: linux-azure Package: linux-azure-4.15 Package: linux-azure-5.11 Package: linux-azure-5.13 Package: linux-azure-5.15 Package: linux-azure-5.19 Package: linux-azure-5.3 Package: linux-azure-5.4 Package: linux-azure-5.8 Package: linux-azure-6.11 Package: linux-azure-6.2 Package: linux-azure-6.5 Package: linux-azure-edge Package: linux-azure-fde Package: linux-azure-fde-5.19 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.2 Package: linux-azure-fips Package: linux-bluefield Package: linux-fips Package: linux-gcp Package: linux-gcp-4.15 Package: linux-gcp-5.11 Package: linux-gcp-5.13 Package: linux-gcp-5.15 Package: linux-gcp-5.19 Package: linux-gcp-5.3 Package: linux-gcp-5.4 Package: linux-gcp-5.8 Package: linux-gcp-6.11 Package: linux-gcp-6.2 Package: linux-gcp-6.5 Package: linux-gcp-fips Package: linux-gke Package: linux-gke-4.15 Package: linux-gke-5.15 Package: linux-gke-5.4 Package: linux-gkeop Package: linux-gkeop-5.15 Package: linux-gkeop-5.4 Package: linux-hwe Package: linux-hwe-5.11 Package: linux-hwe-5.13 Package: linux-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-hwe-5.4 Package: linux-hwe-5.8 Package: linux-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-hwe-edge Package: linux-ibm Package: linux-ibm-5.15 Package: linux-ibm-5.4 Package: linux-intel Package: linux-intel-5.13 Package: linux-intel-iot-realtime Package: linux-intel-iotg Package: linux-intel-iotg-5.15 Package: linux-iot Package: linux-kvm Package: linux-lowlatency Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-lts-xenial Package: linux-nvidia Package: linux-nvidia-6.2 Package: linux-nvidia-6.5 Package: linux-nvidia-tegra Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-igx Package: linux-oem Package: linux-oem-5.10 Package: linux-oem-5.13 Package: linux-oem-5.14 Package: linux-oem-5.17 Package: linux-oem-5.6 Package: linux-oem-6.0 Package: linux-oem-6.1 Package: linux-oem-6.11 Package: linux-oem-6.5 Package: linux-oem-6.8 Package: linux-oracle Package: linux-oracle-5.0 Package: linux-oracle-5.11 Package: linux-oracle-5.13 Package: linux-oracle-5.15 Package: linux-oracle-5.3 Package: linux-oracle-5.4 Package: linux-oracle-5.8 Package: linux-oracle-6.5 Package: linux-raspi Package: linux-raspi-5.4 Package: linux-raspi-realtime Package: linux-raspi2 Package: linux-realtime Package: linux-riscv Package: linux-riscv-5.11 Package: linux-riscv-5.15 Package: linux-riscv-5.19 Package: linux-riscv-5.8 Package: linux-riscv-6.5 Package: linux-starfive-5.19 Package: linux-starfive-6.2 Package: linux-starfive-6.5 Package: linux-vmware Package: linux-xilinx-zynqmp Platform: Linux Ecosystem: Debian Ecosystem: Ubuntu

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

tracing: Fix race issue between cpu buffer write and swap

Warning happened in rb_end_commit() at code:
if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, !local_read(&cpu_buffer->committing)))

WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 139 at kernel/trace/ring_buffer.c:3142
rb_commit+0x402/0x4a0
Call Trace:
ring_buffer_unlock_commit+0x42/0x250
trace_buffer_unlock_commit_regs+0x3b/0x250
trace_event_buffer_commit+0xe5/0x440
trace_event_buffer_reserve+0x11c/0x150
trace_event_raw_event_sched_switch+0x23c/0x2c0
__traceiter_sched_switch+0x59/0x80
__schedule+0x72b/0x1580
schedule+0x92/0x120
worker_thread+0xa0/0x6f0

It is because the race between writing event into cpu buffer and swapping
cpu buffer through file per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot:

Write on CPU 0 Swap buffer by per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot on CPU 1
-------- --------
tracing_snapshot_write()
[...]

ring_buffer_lock_reserve()
cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu]; // 1. Suppose find 'cpu_buffer_a';
[...]
rb_reserve_next_event()
[...]

ring_buffer_swap_cpu()
if (local_read(&cpu_buffer_a->committing))
goto out_dec;
if (local_read(&cpu_buffer_b->committing))
goto out_dec;
buffer_a->buffers[cpu] = cpu_buffer_b;
buffer_b->buffers[cpu] = cpu_buffer_a;
// 2. cpu_buffer has swapped here.

rb_start_commit(cpu_buffer);
if (unlikely(READ_ONCE(cpu_buffer->buffer)
!= buffer)) { // 3. This check passed due to 'cpu_buffer->buffer'
[...] // has not changed here.
return NULL;
}
cpu_buffer_b->buffer = buffer_a;
cpu_buffer_a->buffer = buffer_b;
[...]

// 4. Reserve event from 'cpu_buffer_a'.

ring_buffer_unlock_commit()
[...]
cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu]; // 5. Now find 'cpu_buffer_b' !!!
rb_commit(cpu_buffer)
rb_end_commit() // 6. WARN for the wrong 'committing' state !!!

Based on above analysis, we can easily reproduce by following testcase:
``` bash
#!/bin/bash

dmesg -n 7
sysctl -w kernel.panic_on_warn=1
TR=/sys/kernel/tracing
echo 7 > ${TR}/buffer_size_kb
echo "sched:sched_switch" > ${TR}/set_event
while [ true ]; do
echo 1 > ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot
done &
while [ true ]; do
echo 1 > ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot
done &
while [ true ]; do
echo 1 > ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot
done &
```

To fix it, IIUC, we can use smp_call_function_single() to do the swap on
the target cpu where the buffer is located, so that above race would be
avoided.

Affected products

VendorProductAffectedFixed
Linux Linux 3.10 5.4.257

Fixed in Linux distributions

Distributions backport fixes, so the version that fixes this vulnerability differs per release — upgrade to at least the version shown. From the distributions' security trackers and advisories.

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian 14 linux 6.5.3-1 —
Debian 13 linux 6.5.3-1 —
Debian 12 linux 6.1.55-1 —
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 22.04 LTS linux-bluefield 5.15.0-1035.37 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-intel +9 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux +1 5.15.0-94.104 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-aws 5.15.0-1053.58 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure 5.15.0-1056.64 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-fde 5.15.0-1056.64.1 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gcp 5.15.0-1051.59 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gke +1 5.15.0-1050.55 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gkeop 5.15.0-1036.42 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-ibm +1 5.15.0-1046.49 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-intel-iotg 5.15.0-1047.53 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia 5.15.0-1044.44 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra 5.15.0-1022.22 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra-igx 5.15.0-1009.9 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-oracle 5.15.0-1051.57 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-riscv +32 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-xilinx-zynqmp 5.15.0-1027.31 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux 5.4.0-169.187 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-aws 5.4.0-1116.126 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-aws-5.15 5.15.0-1053.58~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-azure 5.4.0-1121.128 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-azure-5.15 5.15.0-1056.64~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-bluefield 5.4.0-1076.82 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-gcp 5.4.0-1120.129 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-gcp-5.15 5.15.0-1051.59~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-gke +28 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-hwe-5.15 +1 5.15.0-94.104~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-ibm 5.4.0-1063.68 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-ibm-5.15 5.15.0-1046.49~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-intel-iotg-5.15 5.15.0-1048.54~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-iot 5.4.0-1028.29 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-kvm 5.4.0-1104.111 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 5.15.0-1022.22~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-oracle 5.4.0-1115.124 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-oracle-5.15 5.15.0-1051.57~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-raspi 5.4.0-1100.112 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-riscv-5.15 5.15.0-1049.53~20.04.2 —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-xilinx-zynqmp 5.4.0-1035.39 —
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS linux-gcp +14 No fix yet —
Show 13 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS linux-hwe-edge No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-intel-iot-realtime 5.15.0-1046.48 —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime 5.15.0-1054.60 —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS 20.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS 18.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS 16.04 LTS linux-fips No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-aws-fips 5.15.0-1053.58+fips1 —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-fips 5.15.0-94.104+fips1 —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-gcp-fips 5.15.0-1055.63+fips2 —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 20.04 LTS linux-aws-fips 5.4.0-1116.126+fips1 —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 20.04 LTS linux-azure-fips 5.4.0-1121.128+fips1 —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 20.04 LTS linux-fips 5.4.0-1090.100 —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 20.04 LTS linux-gcp-fips 5.4.0-1120.129+fips1 —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 18.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 16.04 LTS linux-fips No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-preview 22.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS linux +5 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS linux-aws-5.4 5.4.0-1116.126~18.04.1 —
Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS linux-azure-5.4 5.4.0-1121.128~18.04.1 —
Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS linux-gcp-5.4 5.4.0-1120.129~18.04.1 —
Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS linux-hwe-5.4 5.4.0-169.187~18.04.1 —
Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS linux-ibm-5.4 5.4.0-1063.68~18.04.1 —
Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS linux-oracle-5.4 5.4.0-1115.124~18.04.1 —
Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS linux-raspi-5.4 5.4.0-1100.112~18.04.1 —
Ubuntu Pro 16.04 LTS linux +7 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 14.04 LTS linux +3 No fix yet —
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-64kb +6 6.4.0-150700.53.22.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4057-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150700.20.18.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4132-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150700.53.22.1.150700.17.15.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4057-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-64kb +6 6.4.0-150600.23.73.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03600-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150600.8.52.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03634-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150600.23.73.1.150600.12.32.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03600-1
SLES 15 SP5 kernel-64kb +6 5.14.21-150500.55.124.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03615-1
SLES 15 SP5 kernel-default-base 5.14.21-150500.55.124.1.150500.6.59.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03615-1
SLES 15 SP4 kernel-64kb +6 5.14.21-150400.24.179.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03628-1
SLES 15 SP4 kernel-default-base 5.14.21-150400.24.179.1.150400.24.92.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03628-1
SLES 12 SP5 kernel-syms +2 4.12.14-122.275.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03614-1
Show 18 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLES for SAP 15 SP5 kernel-default-base 5.14.21-150500.55.124.1.150500.6.59.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03615-1
SLES for SAP 15 SP5 kernel-docs +4 5.14.21-150500.55.124.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03615-1
SLES for SAP 15 SP4 kernel-default-base 5.14.21-150400.24.179.1.150400.24.92.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03628-1
SLES for SAP 15 SP4 kernel-docs +4 5.14.21-150400.24.179.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03628-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-35.1.21.12 SUSE-SU-2025:20861-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-rt +1 6.4.0-37.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20898-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-source +2 6.4.0-35.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20861-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-35.1.21.12 SUSE-SU-2025:20851-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-rt +1 6.4.0-37.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20870-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-source +2 6.4.0-35.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20851-1
SLE Micro 5.5 kernel-default-base 5.14.21-150500.55.124.1.150500.6.59.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03615-1
SLE Micro 5.5 kernel-rt +1 5.14.21-150500.13.109.1 SUSE-SU-2025:3761-1
SLE Micro 5.5 kernel-source +1 5.14.21-150500.55.124.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03615-1
SLE Micro 5.4 kernel-default 5.14.21-150400.24.179.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03628-1
SLE Micro 5.4 kernel-default-base 5.14.21-150400.24.179.1.150400.24.92.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03628-1
SLE Micro 5.4 kernel-rt +1 5.14.21-150400.15.133.1 SUSE-SU-2025:3716-1
SLE Micro 5.3 kernel-default 5.14.21-150400.24.179.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03628-1
SLE Micro 5.3 kernel-default-base 5.14.21-150400.24.179.1.150400.24.92.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03628-1
SLE Micro 5.3 kernel-rt +1 5.14.21-150400.15.133.1 SUSE-SU-2025:3716-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-default 6.4.0-150700.53.22.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4057-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_6 1-150700.1.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4141-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_6 1-150700.15.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4057-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-default 6.4.0-150600.23.73.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03600-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_16 1-150600.1.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:3751-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_16 1-150600.13.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03600-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP5 kernel-default 5.14.21-150500.55.124.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03615-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP5 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP5_Update_31 1-150500.11.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03615-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP4 kernel-default 5.14.21-150400.24.179.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03628-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP4 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_45 1-150400.9.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03628-1
SLE Live Patching 12 SP5 kernel-default 4.12.14-122.275.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03614-1
SLE Live Patching 12 SP5 kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP5_Update_73 1-8.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03614-1
SLE HPC 15 SP5 kernel-64kb +5 5.14.21-150500.55.124.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03615-1
SLE HPC 15 SP5 kernel-default-base 5.14.21-150500.55.124.1.150500.6.59.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03615-1
SLE HPC 15 SP4 kernel-64kb +5 5.14.21-150400.24.179.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03628-1
SLE HPC 15 SP4 kernel-default-base 5.14.21-150400.24.179.1.150400.24.92.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03628-1
SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP7 kernel-rt +2 6.4.0-150700.7.22.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4141-1
SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP6 kernel-rt +3 6.4.0-150600.10.55.1 SUSE-SU-2025:3751-1
SUSE Manager Server LTS 4.3 kernel-default-base 5.14.21-150400.24.179.1.150400.24.92.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03628-1
SUSE Manager Server LTS 4.3 kernel-syms +3 5.14.21-150400.24.179.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03628-1
SUSE Manager Proxy LTS 4.3 kernel-default-base 5.14.21-150400.24.179.1.150400.24.92.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03628-1
SUSE Manager Proxy LTS 4.3 kernel-syms +2 5.14.21-150400.24.179.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03628-1
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
openSUSE Leap 15.6 dtb-aarch64 +10 6.4.0-150600.23.73.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03600-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150600.8.52.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03634-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150600.23.73.1.150600.12.32.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03600-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-rt +3 6.4.0-150600.10.55.1 SUSE-SU-2025:3751-1

Amazon Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Amazon Linux 2023 kernel-livepatch-6.1.55-75.123 1.0-0.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2023-356
Amazon Linux 2023 perf +12 6.1.55-75.123.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2023-356

Advisories 18

References