cachefiles: fix slab-use-after-free in cachefiles_withdraw_cookie()

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

cachefiles: fix slab-use-after-free in cachefiles_withdraw_cookie()

We got the following issue in our fault injection stress test:

==================================================================
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in cachefiles_withdraw_cookie+0x4d9/0x600
Read of size 8 at addr ffff888118efc000 by task kworker/u78:0/109

CPU: 13 PID: 109 Comm: kworker/u78:0 Not tainted 6.8.0-dirty #566
Call Trace:
<TASK>
kasan_report+0x93/0xc0
cachefiles_withdraw_cookie+0x4d9/0x600
fscache_cookie_state_machine+0x5c8/0x1230
fscache_cookie_worker+0x91/0x1c0
process_one_work+0x7fa/0x1800
[...]

Allocated by task 117:
kmalloc_trace+0x1b3/0x3c0
cachefiles_acquire_volume+0xf3/0x9c0
fscache_create_volume_work+0x97/0x150
process_one_work+0x7fa/0x1800
[...]

Freed by task 120301:
kfree+0xf1/0x2c0
cachefiles_withdraw_cache+0x3fa/0x920
cachefiles_put_unbind_pincount+0x1f6/0x250
cachefiles_daemon_release+0x13b/0x290
__fput+0x204/0xa00
task_work_run+0x139/0x230
do_exit+0x87a/0x29b0
[...]
==================================================================

Following is the process that triggers the issue:

p1 | p2
------------------------------------------------------------
fscache_begin_lookup
fscache_begin_volume_access
fscache_cache_is_live(fscache_cache)
cachefiles_daemon_release
cachefiles_put_unbind_pincount
cachefiles_daemon_unbind
cachefiles_withdraw_cache
fscache_withdraw_cache
fscache_set_cache_state(cache, FSCACHE_CACHE_IS_WITHDRAWN);
cachefiles_withdraw_objects(cache)
fscache_wait_for_objects(fscache)
atomic_read(&fscache_cache->object_count) == 0
fscache_perform_lookup
cachefiles_lookup_cookie
cachefiles_alloc_object
refcount_set(&object->ref, 1);
object->volume = volume
fscache_count_object(vcookie->cache);
atomic_inc(&fscache_cache->object_count)
cachefiles_withdraw_volumes
cachefiles_withdraw_volume
fscache_withdraw_volume
__cachefiles_free_volume
kfree(cachefiles_volume)
fscache_cookie_state_machine
cachefiles_withdraw_cookie
cache = object->volume->cache;
// cachefiles_volume UAF !!!

After setting FSCACHE_CACHE_IS_WITHDRAWN, wait for all the cookie lookups
to complete first, and then wait for fscache_cache->object_count == 0 to
avoid the cookie exiting after the volume has been freed and triggering
the above issue. Therefore call fscache_withdraw_volume() before calling
cachefiles_withdraw_objects().

This way, after setting FSCACHE_CACHE_IS_WITHDRAWN, only the following two
cases will occur:
1) fscache_begin_lookup fails in fscache_begin_volume_access().
2) fscache_withdraw_volume() will ensure that fscache_count_object() has
been executed before calling fscache_wait_for_objects().