f2fs: fix to cover read extent cache access with lock

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

f2fs: fix to cover read extent cache access with lock

syzbot reports a f2fs bug as below:

BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in sanity_check_extent_cache+0x370/0x410 fs/f2fs/extent_cache.c:46
Read of size 4 at addr ffff8880739ab220 by task syz-executor200/5097

CPU: 0 PID: 5097 Comm: syz-executor200 Not tainted 6.9.0-rc6-syzkaller #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 03/27/2024
Call Trace:
<TASK>
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline]
dump_stack_lvl+0x241/0x360 lib/dump_stack.c:114
print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:377 [inline]
print_report+0x169/0x550 mm/kasan/report.c:488
kasan_report+0x143/0x180 mm/kasan/report.c:601
sanity_check_extent_cache+0x370/0x410 fs/f2fs/extent_cache.c:46
do_read_inode fs/f2fs/inode.c:509 [inline]
f2fs_iget+0x33e1/0x46e0 fs/f2fs/inode.c:560
f2fs_nfs_get_inode+0x74/0x100 fs/f2fs/super.c:3237
generic_fh_to_dentry+0x9f/0xf0 fs/libfs.c:1413
exportfs_decode_fh_raw+0x152/0x5f0 fs/exportfs/expfs.c:444
exportfs_decode_fh+0x3c/0x80 fs/exportfs/expfs.c:584
do_handle_to_path fs/fhandle.c:155 [inline]
handle_to_path fs/fhandle.c:210 [inline]
do_handle_open+0x495/0x650 fs/fhandle.c:226
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0xf5/0x240 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f

We missed to cover sanity_check_extent_cache() w/ extent cache lock,
so, below race case may happen, result in use after free issue.

- f2fs_iget
- do_read_inode
- f2fs_init_read_extent_tree
: add largest extent entry in to cache
- shrink
- f2fs_shrink_read_extent_tree
- __shrink_extent_tree
- __detach_extent_node
: drop largest extent entry
- sanity_check_extent_cache
: access et->largest w/o lock

let's refactor sanity_check_extent_cache() to avoid extent cache access
and call it before f2fs_init_read_extent_tree() to fix this issue.