btrfs: fix assertion failure when splitting ordered extent after transaction abort

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

btrfs: fix assertion failure when splitting ordered extent after transaction abort

If while we are doing a direct IO write a transaction abort happens, we
mark all existing ordered extents with the BTRFS_ORDERED_IOERR flag (done
at btrfs_destroy_ordered_extents()), and then after that if we enter
btrfs_split_ordered_extent() and the ordered extent has bytes left
(meaning we have a bio that doesn't cover the whole ordered extent, see
details at btrfs_extract_ordered_extent()), we will fail on the following
assertion at btrfs_split_ordered_extent():

ASSERT(!(flags & ~BTRFS_ORDERED_TYPE_FLAGS));

because the BTRFS_ORDERED_IOERR flag is set and the definition of
BTRFS_ORDERED_TYPE_FLAGS is just the union of all flags that identify the
type of write (regular, nocow, prealloc, compressed, direct IO, encoded).

Fix this by returning an error from btrfs_extract_ordered_extent() if we
find the BTRFS_ORDERED_IOERR flag in the ordered extent. The error will
be the error that resulted in the transaction abort or -EIO if no
transaction abort happened.

This was recently reported by syzbot with the following trace:

FAULT_INJECTION: forcing a failure.
name failslab, interval 1, probability 0, space 0, times 1
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 5321 Comm: syz.0.0 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc5-syzkaller #0
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2~bpo12+1 04/01/2014
Call Trace:
<TASK>
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]
dump_stack_lvl+0x241/0x360 lib/dump_stack.c:120
fail_dump lib/fault-inject.c:53 [inline]
should_fail_ex+0x3b0/0x4e0 lib/fault-inject.c:154
should_failslab+0xac/0x100 mm/failslab.c:46
slab_pre_alloc_hook mm/slub.c:4072 [inline]
slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:4148 [inline]
__do_kmalloc_node mm/slub.c:4297 [inline]
__kmalloc_noprof+0xdd/0x4c0 mm/slub.c:4310
kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:905 [inline]
kzalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:1037 [inline]
btrfs_chunk_alloc_add_chunk_item+0x244/0x1100 fs/btrfs/volumes.c:5742
reserve_chunk_space+0x1ca/0x2c0 fs/btrfs/block-group.c:4292
check_system_chunk fs/btrfs/block-group.c:4319 [inline]
do_chunk_alloc fs/btrfs/block-group.c:3891 [inline]
btrfs_chunk_alloc+0x77b/0xf80 fs/btrfs/block-group.c:4187
find_free_extent_update_loop fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c:4166 [inline]
find_free_extent+0x42d1/0x5810 fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c:4579
btrfs_reserve_extent+0x422/0x810 fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c:4672
btrfs_new_extent_direct fs/btrfs/direct-io.c:186 [inline]
btrfs_get_blocks_direct_write+0x706/0xfa0 fs/btrfs/direct-io.c:321
btrfs_dio_iomap_begin+0xbb7/0x1180 fs/btrfs/direct-io.c:525
iomap_iter+0x697/0xf60 fs/iomap/iter.c:90
__iomap_dio_rw+0xeb9/0x25b0 fs/iomap/direct-io.c:702
btrfs_dio_write fs/btrfs/direct-io.c:775 [inline]
btrfs_direct_write+0x610/0xa30 fs/btrfs/direct-io.c:880
btrfs_do_write_iter+0x2a0/0x760 fs/btrfs/file.c:1397
do_iter_readv_writev+0x600/0x880
vfs_writev+0x376/0xba0 fs/read_write.c:1050
do_pwritev fs/read_write.c:1146 [inline]
__do_sys_pwritev2 fs/read_write.c:1204 [inline]
__se_sys_pwritev2+0x196/0x2b0 fs/read_write.c:1195
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f1281f85d29
RSP: 002b:00007f12819fe038 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000148
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f1282176080 RCX: 00007f1281f85d29
RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000000020000240 RDI: 0000000000000005
RBP: 00007f12819fe090 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000003
R10: 0000000000007000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000002
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007f1282176080 R15: 00007ffcb9e23328
</TASK>
BTRFS error (device loop0 state A): Transaction aborted (error -12)
BTRFS: error (device loop0 state A
---truncated---