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Medium · 5.5 CVE-2025-21861 EUVD-2025-7599GHSA-4r9v-vhgw-qfm4

mm/migrate_device: don't add folio to be freed to LRU in migrate_device_finalize()

Published Mar 12, 2025 · Updated Nov 10, 2026 · Assigned by Linux

Vendor: Linux Product: Linux Package: linux Package: linux Package: linux-allwinner-5.19 Package: linux-aws Package: linux-aws-5.0 Package: linux-aws-5.11 Package: linux-aws-5.13 Package: linux-aws-5.15 Package: linux-aws-5.19 Package: linux-aws-5.3 Package: linux-aws-5.4 Package: linux-aws-5.8 Package: linux-aws-6.2 Package: linux-aws-6.5 Package: linux-aws-6.8 Package: linux-aws-fips Package: linux-aws-hwe Package: linux-azure Package: linux-azure-4.15 Package: linux-azure-5.11 Package: linux-azure-5.13 Package: linux-azure-5.15 Package: linux-azure-5.19 Package: linux-azure-5.3 Package: linux-azure-5.4 Package: linux-azure-5.8 Package: linux-azure-6.11 Package: linux-azure-6.2 Package: linux-azure-6.5 Package: linux-azure-6.8 Package: linux-azure-edge Package: linux-azure-fde Package: linux-azure-fde-5.19 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.2 Package: linux-azure-fips Package: linux-azure-nvidia Package: linux-bluefield Package: linux-fips Package: linux-gcp Package: linux-gcp-4.15 Package: linux-gcp-5.11 Package: linux-gcp-5.13 Package: linux-gcp-5.15 Package: linux-gcp-5.19 Package: linux-gcp-5.3 Package: linux-gcp-5.4 Package: linux-gcp-5.8 Package: linux-gcp-6.11 Package: linux-gcp-6.2 Package: linux-gcp-6.5 Package: linux-gcp-6.8 Package: linux-gcp-fips Package: linux-gke Package: linux-gke-4.15 Package: linux-gke-5.15 Package: linux-gke-5.4 Package: linux-gkeop Package: linux-gkeop-5.15 Package: linux-gkeop-5.4 Package: linux-hwe Package: linux-hwe-5.11 Package: linux-hwe-5.13 Package: linux-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-hwe-5.4 Package: linux-hwe-5.8 Package: linux-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-hwe-6.8 Package: linux-hwe-edge Package: linux-ibm Package: linux-ibm-5.15 Package: linux-ibm-5.4 Package: linux-ibm-6.8 Package: linux-intel Package: linux-intel-5.13 Package: linux-intel-iot-realtime Package: linux-intel-iotg Package: linux-intel-iotg-5.15 Package: linux-iot Package: linux-kvm Package: linux-lowlatency Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 Package: linux-nvidia Package: linux-nvidia-6.11 Package: linux-nvidia-6.2 Package: linux-nvidia-6.5 Package: linux-nvidia-6.8 Package: linux-nvidia-lowlatency Package: linux-nvidia-tegra Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-igx Package: linux-oem Package: linux-oem-5.10 Package: linux-oem-5.13 Package: linux-oem-5.14 Package: linux-oem-5.17 Package: linux-oem-5.6 Package: linux-oem-6.0 Package: linux-oem-6.1 Package: linux-oem-6.11 Package: linux-oem-6.5 Package: linux-oem-6.8 Package: linux-oracle Package: linux-oracle-5.0 Package: linux-oracle-5.11 Package: linux-oracle-5.13 Package: linux-oracle-5.15 Package: linux-oracle-5.3 Package: linux-oracle-5.4 Package: linux-oracle-5.8 Package: linux-oracle-6.5 Package: linux-oracle-6.8 Package: linux-raspi Package: linux-raspi-5.4 Package: linux-raspi-realtime Package: linux-raspi2 Package: linux-realtime Package: linux-realtime-6.8 Package: linux-riscv Package: linux-riscv-5.11 Package: linux-riscv-5.15 Package: linux-riscv-5.19 Package: linux-riscv-5.8 Package: linux-riscv-6.5 Package: linux-riscv-6.8 Package: linux-starfive-5.19 Package: linux-starfive-6.2 Package: linux-starfive-6.5 Package: linux-vmware Package: linux-xilinx Package: linux-xilinx-zynqmp Platform: Linux Ecosystem: Debian Ecosystem: Ubuntu

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

mm/migrate_device: don't add folio to be freed to LRU in migrate_device_finalize()

If migration succeeded, we called
folio_migrate_flags()->mem_cgroup_migrate() to migrate the memcg from the
old to the new folio. This will set memcg_data of the old folio to 0.

Similarly, if migration failed, memcg_data of the dst folio is left unset.

If we call folio_putback_lru() on such folios (memcg_data == 0), we will
add the folio to be freed to the LRU, making memcg code unhappy. Running
the hmm selftests:

# ./hmm-tests
...
# RUN hmm.hmm_device_private.migrate ...
[ 102.078007][T14893] page: refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x7ff27d200 pfn:0x13cc00
[ 102.079974][T14893] anon flags: 0x17ff00000020018(uptodate|dirty|swapbacked|node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
[ 102.082037][T14893] raw: 017ff00000020018 dead000000000100 dead000000000122 ffff8881353896c9
[ 102.083687][T14893] raw: 00000007ff27d200 0000000000000000 00000001ffffffff 0000000000000000
[ 102.085331][T14893] page dumped because: VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(!memcg && !mem_cgroup_disabled())
[ 102.087230][T14893] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 102.088279][T14893] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 14893 at ./include/linux/memcontrol.h:726 folio_lruvec_lock_irqsave+0x10e/0x170
[ 102.090478][T14893] Modules linked in:
[ 102.091244][T14893] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 14893 Comm: hmm-tests Not tainted 6.13.0-09623-g6c216bc522fd #151
[ 102.093089][T14893] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-2.fc40 04/01/2014
[ 102.094848][T14893] RIP: 0010:folio_lruvec_lock_irqsave+0x10e/0x170
[ 102.096104][T14893] Code: ...
[ 102.099908][T14893] RSP: 0018:ffffc900236c37b0 EFLAGS: 00010293
[ 102.101152][T14893] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffea0004f30000 RCX: ffffffff8183f426
[ 102.102684][T14893] RDX: ffff8881063cb880 RSI: ffffffff81b8117f RDI: ffff8881063cb880
[ 102.104227][T14893] RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000005 R09: 0000000000000000
[ 102.105757][T14893] R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000002 R12: ffffc900236c37d8
[ 102.107296][T14893] R13: ffff888277a2bcb0 R14: 000000000000001f R15: 0000000000000000
[ 102.108830][T14893] FS: 00007ff27dbdd740(0000) GS:ffff888277a00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 102.110643][T14893] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 102.111924][T14893] CR2: 00007ff27d400000 CR3: 000000010866e000 CR4: 0000000000750ef0
[ 102.113478][T14893] PKRU: 55555554
[ 102.114172][T14893] Call Trace:
[ 102.114805][T14893] <TASK>
[ 102.115397][T14893] ? folio_lruvec_lock_irqsave+0x10e/0x170
[ 102.116547][T14893] ? __warn.cold+0x110/0x210
[ 102.117461][T14893] ? folio_lruvec_lock_irqsave+0x10e/0x170
[ 102.118667][T14893] ? report_bug+0x1b9/0x320
[ 102.119571][T14893] ? handle_bug+0x54/0x90
[ 102.120494][T14893] ? exc_invalid_op+0x17/0x50
[ 102.121433][T14893] ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1a/0x20
[ 102.122435][T14893] ? __wake_up_klogd.part.0+0x76/0xd0
[ 102.123506][T14893] ? dump_page+0x4f/0x60
[ 102.124352][T14893] ? folio_lruvec_lock_irqsave+0x10e/0x170
[ 102.125500][T14893] folio_batch_move_lru+0xd4/0x200
[ 102.126577][T14893] ? __pfx_lru_add+0x10/0x10
[ 102.127505][T14893] __folio_batch_add_and_move+0x391/0x720
[ 102.128633][T14893] ? __pfx_lru_add+0x10/0x10
[ 102.129550][T14893] folio_putback_lru+0x16/0x80
[ 102.130564][T14893] migrate_device_finalize+0x9b/0x530
[ 102.131640][T14893] dmirror_migrate_to_device.constprop.0+0x7c5/0xad0
[ 102.133047][T14893] dmirror_fops_unlocked_ioctl+0x89b/0xc80

Likely, nothing else goes wrong: putting the last folio reference will
remove the folio from the LRU again. So besides memcg complaining, adding
the folio to be freed to the LRU is just an unnecessary step.

The new flow resembles what we have in migrate_folio_move(): add the dst
to the lru, rem
---truncated---

Affected products

VendorProductAffectedFixed
Linux Linux 4.14 5.4.300

Fixed in Linux distributions

Distributions backport fixes, so the version that fixes this vulnerability differs per release — upgrade to at least the version shown. From the distributions' security trackers and advisories.

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian 14 linux 6.12.17-1 —
Debian 13 linux 6.12.17-1 —
Debian 12 linux 6.1.158-1 DSA-6053-1
Debian 11 linux 5.10.247-1 DLA-4404-1
Debian 11 linux-6.1 6.1.158-1~deb11u1 DLA-4379-1
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 22.04 LTS linux-bluefield 5.15.0-1084.86 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux 6.8.0-78.78 USN-7703-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-aws 6.8.0-1035.37 USN-7703-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure 6.8.0-1034.39 USN-7737-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure-nvidia 6.8.0-1022.23 USN-7737-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gcp 6.8.0-1036.38 USN-7703-2
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gke 6.8.0-1032.36 USN-7703-4
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gkeop 6.8.0-1019.21 USN-7703-2
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-ibm 6.8.0-1033.33 USN-7703-2
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-intel +10 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-lowlatency 6.8.0-78.78.1 USN-7703-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia 6.8.0-1035.38 USN-7703-4
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-lowlatency 6.8.0-1035.38.1 USN-7703-4
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra 6.8.0-1009.9 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-oracle 6.8.0-1032.33 USN-7703-3
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-raspi 6.8.0-1035.39 USN-7703-4
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-xilinx 6.8.0-1017.18 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux +1 5.15.0-170.180 USN-8033-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-aws 5.15.0-1100.107 USN-8033-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-aws-6.8 6.8.0-1035.37~22.04.1 USN-7703-2
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure 5.15.0-1109.118 USN-8163-2
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-6.8 6.8.0-1034.39~22.04.1 USN-7737-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-fde 5.15.0-1109.118.1 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gcp 5.15.0-1100.109 USN-8033-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gcp-6.8 6.8.0-1036.38~22.04.1 USN-7703-2
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gke 5.15.0-1096.102 USN-8033-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gkeop 5.15.0-1083.91 USN-8033-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-hwe-6.8 +1 6.8.0-78.78~22.04.1 USN-7703-4
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-ibm 5.15.0-1094.97 USN-8033-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-ibm-6.8 6.8.0-1033.33~22.04.1 USN-7703-2
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-intel-iotg 5.15.0-1095.101 USN-8033-8
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-kvm 5.15.0-1092.97 USN-8033-5
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 6.8.0-78.78.1~22.04.1 USN-7703-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia 5.15.0-1095.96 USN-8033-6
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-6.8 6.8.0-1035.38~22.04.1 USN-7703-4
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra 5.15.0-1052.52 USN-8034-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra-igx 5.15.0-1041.41 USN-8034-2
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-oracle 5.15.0-1097.103 USN-8033-5
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-oracle-6.8 6.8.0-1032.33~22.04.1 USN-7703-3
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-raspi 5.15.0-1097.100 USN-8141-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-riscv +32 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-xilinx-zynqmp 5.15.0-1064.68 USN-8033-7
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-gke +28 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS linux-gcp +14 No fix yet —
Show 14 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS linux-hwe-edge No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-raspi-realtime 6.8.0-2028.29 USN-7719-1
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-realtime 6.8.1-1030.31 USN-7703-1
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-intel-iot-realtime 5.15.0-1092.94 USN-8033-2
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime 5.15.0-1099.108 USN-8033-2
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime-6.8 6.8.1-1030.31~22.04.1 —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS 20.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS 18.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-fips 6.8.0-78.78+fips1 —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-aws-fips 5.15.0-1100.107+fips1 USN-8033-3
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-azure-fips 5.15.0-1109.118+fips1 USN-8163-1
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-fips 5.15.0-170.180+fips1 USN-8033-3
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-gcp-fips 5.15.0-1100.109+fips1 USN-8033-3
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 20.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 18.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-preview 22.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux +10 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-aws-5.15 5.15.0-1100.107~20.04.2 USN-8033-4
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-azure-5.15 5.15.0-1110.119~20.04.1 USN-8243-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-gcp-5.15 5.15.0-1100.109~20.04.1 USN-8033-5
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-hwe-5.15 5.15.0-170.180~20.04.3 USN-8033-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-ibm-5.15 5.15.0-1094.97~20.04.1 USN-8033-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-intel-iotg-5.15 5.15.0-1095.101~20.04.1 USN-8033-7
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 5.15.0-170.180~20.04.1 USN-8033-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 5.15.0-1052.52~20.04.2 USN-8034-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-oracle-5.15 5.15.0-1097.103~20.04.1 USN-8033-5
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-riscv-5.15 5.15.0-1095.99~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS linux +12 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 16.04 LTS linux-gcp +4 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 14.04 LTS linux-azure No fix yet —
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
RHEL 10 rv +76 6.12.0-124.8.1.el10_1 RHSA-2025:20095
RHEL 9 rv +75 5.14.0-611.5.1.el9_7 RHSA-2025:20518

AlmaLinux

Errata ↗
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
AlmaLinux 10 rv +74 6.12.0-124.8.1.el10_1 ALSA-2025:20095
AlmaLinux 9 rv +73 5.14.0-611.5.1.el9_7 ALSA-2025:20518

Rocky Linux

Errata ↗
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Rocky Linux 10 kernel 6.12.0-124.8.1.el10_1 RLSA-2025:20095
Rocky Linux 9 kernel 5.14.0-611.5.1.el9_7 RLSA-2025:20518
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-64kb +6 6.4.0-150700.53.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:01951-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150700.20.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:01967-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150700.53.3.1.150700.17.2.1 SUSE-SU-2025:01951-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-64kb +3 6.4.0-150600.23.47.2 SUSE-SU-2025:1180-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-azure +1 6.4.0-150600.8.34.2 SUSE-SU-2025:1177-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-coco +3 6.4.0-15061.21.coco15sp6.1 SUSE-SU-2025:01919-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150600.23.47.2.150600.12.20.2 SUSE-SU-2025:1180-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-docs +2 6.4.0-150600.23.47.1 SUSE-SU-2025:1180-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-syms-azure 6.4.0-150600.8.34.1 SUSE-SU-2025:1177-1
Show 5 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-28.1.21.6 SUSE-SU-2025:20270-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-livepatch-MICRO-6-0_Update_6 +1 1-3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20270-1, SUSE-SU-2025:20260-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-rt +4 6.4.0-28.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20270-1, SUSE-SU-2025:20260-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-28.1.21.6 SUSE-SU-2025:20192-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-livepatch-MICRO-6-0_Update_6 +1 1-3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20192-1, SUSE-SU-2025:20190-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-rt +4 6.4.0-28.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20192-1, SUSE-SU-2025:20190-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-default 6.4.0-150700.53.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:01951-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_1 1-150700.15.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:01951-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-default 6.4.0-150600.23.47.2 SUSE-SU-2025:1180-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_10 1-150600.1.5.1 SUSE-SU-2025:1178-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_10 1-150600.13.5.1 SUSE-SU-2025:1180-1
SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP6 kernel-rt +3 6.4.0-150600.10.34.1 SUSE-SU-2025:1178-1
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
openSUSE Leap 15.6 dtb-aarch64 +4 6.4.0-150600.23.47.1 SUSE-SU-2025:1180-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-64kb +5 6.4.0-150600.23.47.2 SUSE-SU-2025:1180-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-azure +1 6.4.0-150600.8.34.2 SUSE-SU-2025:1177-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150600.23.47.2.150600.12.20.2 SUSE-SU-2025:1180-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-rt +3 6.4.0-150600.10.34.1 SUSE-SU-2025:1178-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-syms-azure 6.4.0-150600.8.34.1 SUSE-SU-2025:1177-1

Oracle Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Oracle Linux 9 kernel-uek +34 6.12.0-101.33.4.3.el10uek ELSA-2025-20530, ELSA-2025-20480

Advisories 48

References