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High · 7.8 CVE-2025-22022 EUVD-2025-11377GHSA-4j7f-c5p6-h9j2

usb: xhci: Apply the link chain quirk on NEC isoc endpoints

Published Apr 16, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026 · Assigned by Linux

Vendor: Linux Product: Linux Package: kernel Package: linux Package: linux Package: linux-allwinner-5.19 Package: linux-aws Package: linux-aws-5.0 Package: linux-aws-5.11 Package: linux-aws-5.13 Package: linux-aws-5.15 Package: linux-aws-5.19 Package: linux-aws-5.3 Package: linux-aws-5.4 Package: linux-aws-5.8 Package: linux-aws-6.2 Package: linux-aws-6.5 Package: linux-aws-6.8 Package: linux-aws-fips Package: linux-aws-hwe Package: linux-azure Package: linux-azure-4.15 Package: linux-azure-5.11 Package: linux-azure-5.13 Package: linux-azure-5.15 Package: linux-azure-5.19 Package: linux-azure-5.3 Package: linux-azure-5.4 Package: linux-azure-5.8 Package: linux-azure-6.11 Package: linux-azure-6.2 Package: linux-azure-6.5 Package: linux-azure-6.8 Package: linux-azure-edge Package: linux-azure-fde Package: linux-azure-fde-5.19 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.2 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.8 Package: linux-azure-fips Package: linux-azure-nvidia Package: linux-bluefield Package: linux-fips Package: linux-gcp Package: linux-gcp-4.15 Package: linux-gcp-5.11 Package: linux-gcp-5.13 Package: linux-gcp-5.15 Package: linux-gcp-5.19 Package: linux-gcp-5.3 Package: linux-gcp-5.4 Package: linux-gcp-5.8 Package: linux-gcp-6.11 Package: linux-gcp-6.2 Package: linux-gcp-6.5 Package: linux-gcp-6.8 Package: linux-gcp-fips Package: linux-gke Package: linux-gke-4.15 Package: linux-gke-5.15 Package: linux-gke-5.4 Package: linux-gkeop Package: linux-gkeop-5.15 Package: linux-gkeop-5.4 Package: linux-hwe Package: linux-hwe-5.11 Package: linux-hwe-5.13 Package: linux-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-hwe-5.4 Package: linux-hwe-5.8 Package: linux-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-hwe-6.8 Package: linux-hwe-edge Package: linux-ibm Package: linux-ibm-5.15 Package: linux-ibm-5.4 Package: linux-ibm-6.8 Package: linux-intel Package: linux-intel-5.13 Package: linux-intel-iot-realtime Package: linux-intel-iotg Package: linux-intel-iotg-5.15 Package: linux-iot Package: linux-kvm Package: linux-lowlatency Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 Package: linux-lts-xenial Package: linux-nvidia Package: linux-nvidia-6.11 Package: linux-nvidia-6.2 Package: linux-nvidia-6.5 Package: linux-nvidia-6.8 Package: linux-nvidia-lowlatency Package: linux-nvidia-tegra Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-igx Package: linux-oem Package: linux-oem-5.10 Package: linux-oem-5.13 Package: linux-oem-5.14 Package: linux-oem-5.17 Package: linux-oem-5.6 Package: linux-oem-6.0 Package: linux-oem-6.1 Package: linux-oem-6.11 Package: linux-oem-6.5 Package: linux-oem-6.8 Package: linux-oracle Package: linux-oracle-5.0 Package: linux-oracle-5.11 Package: linux-oracle-5.13 Package: linux-oracle-5.15 Package: linux-oracle-5.3 Package: linux-oracle-5.4 Package: linux-oracle-5.8 Package: linux-oracle-6.5 Package: linux-oracle-6.8 Package: linux-raspi Package: linux-raspi-5.4 Package: linux-raspi-realtime Package: linux-raspi2 Package: linux-realtime Package: linux-realtime-6.8 Package: linux-riscv Package: linux-riscv-5.11 Package: linux-riscv-5.15 Package: linux-riscv-5.19 Package: linux-riscv-5.8 Package: linux-riscv-6.5 Package: linux-riscv-6.8 Package: linux-starfive-5.19 Package: linux-starfive-6.2 Package: linux-starfive-6.5 Package: linux-vmware Package: linux-xilinx Package: linux-xilinx-zynqmp Platform: Linux Ecosystem: Azure Linux Ecosystem: Debian Ecosystem: Ubuntu

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

usb: xhci: Apply the link chain quirk on NEC isoc endpoints

Two clearly different specimens of NEC uPD720200 (one with start/stop
bug, one without) were seen to cause IOMMU faults after some Missed
Service Errors. Faulting address is immediately after a transfer ring
segment and patched dynamic debug messages revealed that the MSE was
received when waiting for a TD near the end of that segment:

[ 1.041954] xhci_hcd: Miss service interval error for slot 1 ep 2 expected TD DMA ffa08fe0
[ 1.042120] xhci_hcd: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0005 address=0xffa09000 flags=0x0000]
[ 1.042146] xhci_hcd: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0005 address=0xffa09040 flags=0x0000]

It gets even funnier if the next page is a ring segment accessible to
the HC. Below, it reports MSE in segment at ff1e8000, plows through a
zero-filled page at ff1e9000 and starts reporting events for TRBs in
page at ff1ea000 every microframe, instead of jumping to seg ff1e6000.

[ 7.041671] xhci_hcd: Miss service interval error for slot 1 ep 2 expected TD DMA ff1e8fe0
[ 7.041999] xhci_hcd: Miss service interval error for slot 1 ep 2 expected TD DMA ff1e8fe0
[ 7.042011] xhci_hcd: WARN: buffer overrun event for slot 1 ep 2 on endpoint
[ 7.042028] xhci_hcd: All TDs skipped for slot 1 ep 2. Clear skip flag.
[ 7.042134] xhci_hcd: WARN: buffer overrun event for slot 1 ep 2 on endpoint
[ 7.042138] xhci_hcd: ERROR Transfer event TRB DMA ptr not part of current TD ep_index 2 comp_code 31
[ 7.042144] xhci_hcd: Looking for event-dma 00000000ff1ea040 trb-start 00000000ff1e6820 trb-end 00000000ff1e6820
[ 7.042259] xhci_hcd: WARN: buffer overrun event for slot 1 ep 2 on endpoint
[ 7.042262] xhci_hcd: ERROR Transfer event TRB DMA ptr not part of current TD ep_index 2 comp_code 31
[ 7.042266] xhci_hcd: Looking for event-dma 00000000ff1ea050 trb-start 00000000ff1e6820 trb-end 00000000ff1e6820

At some point completion events change from Isoch Buffer Overrun to
Short Packet and the HC finally finds cycle bit mismatch in ff1ec000.

[ 7.098130] xhci_hcd: ERROR Transfer event TRB DMA ptr not part of current TD ep_index 2 comp_code 13
[ 7.098132] xhci_hcd: Looking for event-dma 00000000ff1ecc50 trb-start 00000000ff1e6820 trb-end 00000000ff1e6820
[ 7.098254] xhci_hcd: ERROR Transfer event TRB DMA ptr not part of current TD ep_index 2 comp_code 13
[ 7.098256] xhci_hcd: Looking for event-dma 00000000ff1ecc60 trb-start 00000000ff1e6820 trb-end 00000000ff1e6820
[ 7.098379] xhci_hcd: Overrun event on slot 1 ep 2

It's possible that data from the isochronous device were written to
random buffers of pending TDs on other endpoints (either IN or OUT),
other devices or even other HCs in the same IOMMU domain.

Lastly, an error from a different USB device on another HC. Was it
caused by the above? I don't know, but it may have been. The disk
was working without any other issues and generated PCIe traffic to
starve the NEC of upstream BW and trigger those MSEs. The two HCs
shared one x1 slot by means of a commercial "PCIe splitter" board.

[ 7.162604] usb 10-2: reset SuperSpeed USB device number 3 using xhci_hcd
[ 7.178990] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x07 driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
[ 7.179001] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 04 02 ae 00 00 02 00 00
[ 7.179004] I/O error, dev sdb, sector 67284480 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 5 prio class 0

Fortunately, it appears that this ridiculous bug is avoided by setting
the chain bit of Link TRBs on isochronous rings. Other ancient HCs are
known which also expect the bit to be set and they ignore Link TRBs if
it's not. Reportedly, 0.95 spec guaranteed that the bit is set.

The bandwidth-starved NEC HC running a 32KB/uframe UVC endpoint reports
tens of MSEs per second and runs into the bug within seconds. Chaining
Link TRBs allows the same workload to run for many minutes, many times.

No ne
---truncated---

Affected products

VendorProductAffectedFixed
Linux Linux 3.0.9 – < 3.1, 3.1.1 – < 3.2, 3.2 3.1

Fixed in Linux distributions

Distributions backport fixes, so the version that fixes this vulnerability differs per release — upgrade to at least the version shown. From the distributions' security trackers and advisories.

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian 14 linux 6.12.22-1 —
Debian 13 linux 6.12.22-1 —
Debian 12 linux 6.1.162-1 DSA-6127-1
Debian 11 linux 5.10.249-1 DLA-4475-1
Debian 11 linux-6.1 6.1.162-1~deb11u1 DLA-4476-1
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 24.04 LTS linux-bluefield 6.8.0-1017.21 —
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 22.04 LTS linux-bluefield 5.15.0-1086.88 —
Ubuntu 25.10 linux-azure-fde No fix yet —
Ubuntu 25.04 linux 6.14.0-22.22 USN-7594-1
Ubuntu 25.04 linux-aws +3 6.14.0-1007.7 USN-7594-3, USN-7594-2, USN-7594-1
Ubuntu 25.04 linux-gcp 6.14.0-1008.8 USN-7594-1
Ubuntu 25.04 linux-realtime 6.14.0-1004.4 USN-7594-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux 6.8.0-110.110 USN-8179-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-aws 6.8.0-1052.55 USN-8179-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure 6.8.0-1054.60 USN-8258-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure-6.11 6.11.0-1018.18~24.04.1 USN-7628-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure-fde 6.8.0-1058.65 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure-nvidia 6.8.0-1039.42 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gcp 6.8.0-1054.57 USN-8179-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gcp-6.11 6.11.0-1016.16~24.04.1 USN-7605-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gke 6.8.0-1050.56 USN-8179-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gkeop 6.8.0-1037.40 USN-8179-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-hwe-6.11 6.11.0-28.28~24.04.1 USN-7605-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-ibm 6.8.0-1051.51 USN-8179-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-intel +4 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-lowlatency 6.8.0-110.110.1 USN-8179-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 6.11.0-1015.16~24.04.2 USN-7605-2
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia 6.8.0-1051.54 USN-8185-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-6.11 6.11.0-1012.12 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-lowlatency 6.8.0-1051.54.1 USN-8185-2
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra 6.8.0-1022.22 USN-8265-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-oem-6.11 6.11.0-1024.24 USN-7606-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-oracle 6.8.0-1049.50 USN-8203-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-raspi 6.8.0-1052.56 USN-8179-3
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-xilinx 6.8.0-1028.29 USN-8261-1
Show 19 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux +1 5.15.0-173.183 USN-8096-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-aws 5.15.0-1103.110 USN-8096-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-aws-6.8 6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1 USN-8179-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure 5.15.0-1109.118 USN-8163-2
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-6.8 6.8.0-1059.65~22.04.1 USN-8440-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-fde 5.15.0-1109.118.1 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-fde-6.8 6.8.0-1058.65~22.04.1 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gcp 5.15.0-1103.112 USN-8096-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gcp-6.8 6.8.0-1054.57~22.04.1 USN-8179-4
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gke 5.15.0-1099.105 USN-8096-3
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gkeop 5.15.0-1086.94 USN-8096-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-hwe-6.8 +1 6.8.0-110.110~22.04.1 USN-8179-3
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-ibm +1 5.15.0-1097.100 USN-8141-1, USN-8096-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-ibm-6.8 6.8.0-1051.51~22.04.1 USN-8179-3
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-intel-iotg 5.15.0-1098.104 USN-8096-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-kvm 5.15.0-1095.100 USN-8096-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 6.8.0-110.110.1~22.04.1 USN-8179-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia 5.15.0-1098.99 USN-8096-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-6.8 6.8.0-1051.54~22.04.1 USN-8185-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra 5.15.0-1055.55 USN-8096-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra-igx 5.15.0-1044.44 USN-8096-5
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-oracle 5.15.0-1100.106 USN-8096-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-oracle-6.8 6.8.0-1049.50~22.04.1 USN-8203-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-riscv +32 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-xilinx-zynqmp 5.15.0-1067.71 USN-8096-1
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-gke +28 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS linux-gcp +14 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS linux-hwe-edge No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-raspi-realtime 6.8.0-2042.43 USN-8204-1
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-realtime 6.8.1-1047.48 USN-8184-1
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-intel-iot-realtime 5.15.0-1094.96 USN-8116-1
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime 5.15.0-1102.111 USN-8096-4
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime-6.8 6.8.1-1047.48~22.04.1 USN-8184-1
Ubuntu Pro FIPS 20.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS 18.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS 16.04 LTS linux-fips No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-aws-fips 6.8.0-1052.55+fips1 USN-8179-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-azure-fips 6.8.0-1053.59+fips1 —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-fips 6.8.0-110.110+fips2 USN-8179-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-gcp-fips 6.8.0-1054.57+fips1 USN-8179-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-aws-fips 5.15.0-1103.110+fips1 USN-8096-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-azure-fips 5.15.0-1109.118+fips1 USN-8163-1
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-fips 5.15.0-173.183+fips1 USN-8096-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-gcp-fips 5.15.0-1103.112+fips1 USN-8096-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 20.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 18.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 16.04 LTS linux-fips No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-preview 22.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux +10 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-aws-5.15 5.15.0-1103.110~20.04.1 USN-8096-3
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-azure-5.15 5.15.0-1110.119~20.04.1 USN-8243-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-gcp-5.15 5.15.0-1103.112~20.04.1 USN-8096-3
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-hwe-5.15 +1 5.15.0-173.183~20.04.1 USN-8096-3
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-ibm-5.15 5.15.0-1097.100~20.04.1 USN-8096-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-intel-iotg-5.15 5.15.0-1098.104~20.04.1 USN-8096-3
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 5.15.0-1055.55~20.04.1 USN-8096-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-oracle-5.15 5.15.0-1100.106~20.04.1 USN-8096-3
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-riscv-5.15 5.15.0-1097.101~20.04.1 —
Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS linux +12 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 16.04 LTS linux +7 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 14.04 LTS linux +3 No fix yet —
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-64kb +6 6.4.0-150700.53.19.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03601-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-azure +1 6.4.0-150700.20.15.2 SUSE-SU-2025:03633-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150700.53.19.1.150700.17.13.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03601-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-syms-azure 6.4.0-150700.20.15.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03633-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-64kb +6 6.4.0-150600.23.73.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03600-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150600.8.52.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03634-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-coco +3 6.4.0-15061.32.coco15sp6.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03602-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150600.23.73.1.150600.12.32.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03600-1
SLES 12 SP5 kernel-syms +2 4.12.14-122.272.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03204-1
Show 7 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-35.1.21.12 SUSE-SU-2025:20861-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-rt +1 6.4.0-37.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20898-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-source +2 6.4.0-35.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20861-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-35.1.21.12 SUSE-SU-2025:20851-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-rt +1 6.4.0-37.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20870-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-source +2 6.4.0-35.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20851-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-default 6.4.0-150700.53.19.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03601-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_5 1-150700.1.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:3725-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_5 1-150700.15.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03601-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-default 6.4.0-150600.23.73.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03600-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_16 1-150600.1.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:3751-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_16 1-150600.13.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03600-1
SLE Live Patching 12 SP5 kernel-default 4.12.14-122.272.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03204-1
SLE Live Patching 12 SP5 kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP5_Update_72 1-8.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03204-1
SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP7 kernel-rt +2 6.4.0-150700.7.19.1 SUSE-SU-2025:3725-1
SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP6 kernel-rt +3 6.4.0-150600.10.55.1 SUSE-SU-2025:3751-1
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
openSUSE Leap 15.6 dtb-aarch64 +10 6.4.0-150600.23.73.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03600-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150600.8.52.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03634-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150600.23.73.1.150600.12.32.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03600-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-rt +3 6.4.0-150600.10.55.1 SUSE-SU-2025:3751-1

Amazon Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Amazon Linux 2023 bpftool +14 6.12.22-27.96.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-935
Amazon Linux 2023 kernel-livepatch-6.12.22-27.96 1.0-0.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-935

Azure Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Azure Linux 3 kernel 6.6.121.1-1 —
Azure Linux 2 (CBL-Mariner) kernel No fix yet —

Oracle Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Oracle Linux 9 kernel-uek +34 6.12.0-101.33.4.3.el10uek ELSA-2025-20530, ELSA-2025-20480
Oracle Linux 8 bpftool +18 5.15.0-318.199.3.2.el9uek ELSA-2026-50145

Advisories 50

References