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Unscored Public exploit CVE-2025-37928 EUVD-2025-15912GHSA-pq22-mrc2-gx83

dm-bufio: don't schedule in atomic context

Published May 20, 2025 · Updated Nov 5, 2026 · Assigned by Linux

Vendor: Linux Product: Linux Package: linux Package: linux Package: linux-allwinner-5.19 Package: linux-aws Package: linux-aws-5.0 Package: linux-aws-5.11 Package: linux-aws-5.13 Package: linux-aws-5.15 Package: linux-aws-5.19 Package: linux-aws-5.3 Package: linux-aws-5.4 Package: linux-aws-5.8 Package: linux-aws-6.14 Package: linux-aws-6.2 Package: linux-aws-6.5 Package: linux-aws-6.8 Package: linux-aws-fips Package: linux-aws-hwe Package: linux-azure Package: linux-azure-4.15 Package: linux-azure-5.11 Package: linux-azure-5.13 Package: linux-azure-5.15 Package: linux-azure-5.19 Package: linux-azure-5.3 Package: linux-azure-5.4 Package: linux-azure-5.8 Package: linux-azure-6.11 Package: linux-azure-6.2 Package: linux-azure-6.5 Package: linux-azure-6.8 Package: linux-azure-edge Package: linux-azure-fde Package: linux-azure-fde-5.15 Package: linux-azure-fde-5.19 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.2 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.8 Package: linux-azure-fips Package: linux-azure-nvidia Package: linux-bluefield Package: linux-fips Package: linux-gcp Package: linux-gcp-4.15 Package: linux-gcp-5.11 Package: linux-gcp-5.13 Package: linux-gcp-5.15 Package: linux-gcp-5.19 Package: linux-gcp-5.3 Package: linux-gcp-5.4 Package: linux-gcp-5.8 Package: linux-gcp-6.11 Package: linux-gcp-6.14 Package: linux-gcp-6.2 Package: linux-gcp-6.5 Package: linux-gcp-6.8 Package: linux-gcp-fips Package: linux-gke Package: linux-gke-4.15 Package: linux-gke-5.15 Package: linux-gke-5.4 Package: linux-gkeop Package: linux-gkeop-5.15 Package: linux-gkeop-5.4 Package: linux-hwe Package: linux-hwe-5.11 Package: linux-hwe-5.13 Package: linux-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-hwe-5.4 Package: linux-hwe-5.8 Package: linux-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-hwe-6.8 Package: linux-hwe-edge Package: linux-ibm Package: linux-ibm-5.15 Package: linux-ibm-5.4 Package: linux-ibm-6.8 Package: linux-intel Package: linux-intel-5.13 Package: linux-intel-iot-realtime Package: linux-intel-iotg Package: linux-intel-iotg-5.15 Package: linux-iot Package: linux-kvm Package: linux-lowlatency Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 Package: linux-nvidia Package: linux-nvidia-6.11 Package: linux-nvidia-6.2 Package: linux-nvidia-6.5 Package: linux-nvidia-6.8 Package: linux-nvidia-lowlatency Package: linux-nvidia-tegra Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-igx Package: linux-oem Package: linux-oem-5.10 Package: linux-oem-5.13 Package: linux-oem-5.14 Package: linux-oem-5.17 Package: linux-oem-5.6 Package: linux-oem-6.0 Package: linux-oem-6.1 Package: linux-oem-6.11 Package: linux-oem-6.14 Package: linux-oem-6.5 Package: linux-oem-6.8 Package: linux-oracle Package: linux-oracle-5.0 Package: linux-oracle-5.11 Package: linux-oracle-5.13 Package: linux-oracle-5.15 Package: linux-oracle-5.3 Package: linux-oracle-5.4 Package: linux-oracle-5.8 Package: linux-oracle-6.14 Package: linux-oracle-6.5 Package: linux-oracle-6.8 Package: linux-raspi Package: linux-raspi-5.4 Package: linux-raspi-realtime Package: linux-raspi2 Package: linux-realtime Package: linux-realtime-6.14 Package: linux-realtime-6.8 Package: linux-riscv Package: linux-riscv-5.11 Package: linux-riscv-5.15 Package: linux-riscv-5.19 Package: linux-riscv-5.8 Package: linux-riscv-6.14 Package: linux-riscv-6.5 Package: linux-riscv-6.8 Package: linux-starfive-5.19 Package: linux-starfive-6.2 Package: linux-starfive-6.5 Package: linux-vmware Package: linux-xilinx Package: linux-xilinx-zynqmp Platform: Linux Ecosystem: Debian Ecosystem: Ubuntu

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

dm-bufio: don't schedule in atomic context

A BUG was reported as below when CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP and
try_verify_in_tasklet are enabled.
[ 129.444685][ T934] BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at drivers/md/dm-bufio.c:2421
[ 129.444723][ T934] in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 0, non_block: 0, pid: 934, name: kworker/1:4
[ 129.444740][ T934] preempt_count: 201, expected: 0
[ 129.444756][ T934] RCU nest depth: 0, expected: 0
[ 129.444781][ T934] Preemption disabled at:
[ 129.444789][ T934] [<ffffffd816231900>] shrink_work+0x21c/0x248
[ 129.445167][ T934] kernel BUG at kernel/sched/walt/walt_debug.c:16!
[ 129.445183][ T934] Internal error: Oops - BUG: 00000000f2000800 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
[ 129.445204][ T934] Skip md ftrace buffer dump for: 0x1609e0
[ 129.447348][ T934] CPU: 1 PID: 934 Comm: kworker/1:4 Tainted: G W OE 6.6.56-android15-8-o-g6f82312b30b9-debug #1 1400000003000000474e5500b3187743670464e8
[ 129.447362][ T934] Hardware name: Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Parrot QRD, Alpha-M (DT)
[ 129.447373][ T934] Workqueue: dm_bufio_cache shrink_work
[ 129.447394][ T934] pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
[ 129.447406][ T934] pc : android_rvh_schedule_bug+0x0/0x8 [sched_walt_debug]
[ 129.447435][ T934] lr : __traceiter_android_rvh_schedule_bug+0x44/0x6c
[ 129.447451][ T934] sp : ffffffc0843dbc90
[ 129.447459][ T934] x29: ffffffc0843dbc90 x28: ffffffffffffffff x27: 0000000000000c8b
[ 129.447479][ T934] x26: 0000000000000040 x25: ffffff804b3d6260 x24: ffffffd816232b68
[ 129.447497][ T934] x23: ffffff805171c5b4 x22: 0000000000000000 x21: ffffffd816231900
[ 129.447517][ T934] x20: ffffff80306ba898 x19: 0000000000000000 x18: ffffffc084159030
[ 129.447535][ T934] x17: 00000000d2b5dd1f x16: 00000000d2b5dd1f x15: ffffffd816720358
[ 129.447554][ T934] x14: 0000000000000004 x13: ffffff89ef978000 x12: 0000000000000003
[ 129.447572][ T934] x11: ffffffd817a823c4 x10: 0000000000000202 x9 : 7e779c5735de9400
[ 129.447591][ T934] x8 : ffffffd81560d004 x7 : 205b5d3938373434 x6 : ffffffd8167397c8
[ 129.447610][ T934] x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : 0000000000000001 x3 : ffffffc0843db9e0
[ 129.447629][ T934] x2 : 0000000000002f15 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : 0000000000000000
[ 129.447647][ T934] Call trace:
[ 129.447655][ T934] android_rvh_schedule_bug+0x0/0x8 [sched_walt_debug 1400000003000000474e550080cce8a8a78606b6]
[ 129.447681][ T934] __might_resched+0x190/0x1a8
[ 129.447694][ T934] shrink_work+0x180/0x248
[ 129.447706][ T934] process_one_work+0x260/0x624
[ 129.447718][ T934] worker_thread+0x28c/0x454
[ 129.447729][ T934] kthread+0x118/0x158
[ 129.447742][ T934] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20
[ 129.447761][ T934] Code: ???????? ???????? ???????? d2b5dd1f (d4210000)
[ 129.447772][ T934] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---

dm_bufio_lock will call spin_lock_bh when try_verify_in_tasklet
is enabled, and __scan will be called in atomic context.

Affected products

VendorProductAffectedFixed
Linux Linux 4.9 6.1.138

Fixed in Linux distributions

Distributions backport fixes, so the version that fixes this vulnerability differs per release — upgrade to at least the version shown. From the distributions' security trackers and advisories.

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian 14 linux 6.12.29-1 —
Debian 13 linux 6.12.29-1 —
Debian 12 linux 6.1.140-1 DSA-5925-1
Debian 11 linux-6.1 6.1.140-1~deb11u1 DLA-4271-1
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 24.04 LTS linux-bluefield 6.8.0-1016.20 —
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 22.04 LTS linux-bluefield No fix yet —
Ubuntu 25.10 linux-azure-fde No fix yet —
Ubuntu 25.04 linux 6.14.0-24.24 USN-7649-1
Ubuntu 25.04 linux-aws +2 6.14.0-1009.9 USN-7665-1, USN-7649-2, USN-7649-1
Ubuntu 25.04 linux-azure 6.14.0-1010.10 USN-7721-1
Ubuntu 25.04 linux-gcp 6.14.0-1011.11 USN-7649-1
Ubuntu 25.04 linux-realtime 6.14.0-1006.6 USN-7649-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux 6.8.0-100.100 USN-8028-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-aws +1 6.8.0-1046.49 USN-8028-5
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-aws-6.14 +1 6.14.0-1009.9~24.04.1 USN-7665-2
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure 6.8.0-1046.52 USN-8074-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure-fde 6.8.0-1046.53 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure-nvidia 6.8.0-1039.42 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gcp 6.8.0-1047.50 USN-8031-3
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gcp-6.14 6.14.0-1011.11~24.04.1 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gke 6.8.0-1043.48 USN-8031-3
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gkeop 6.8.0-1030.33 USN-8028-5
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-ibm 6.8.0-1044.44 USN-8028-8
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-intel +10 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-lowlatency 6.8.0-100.100.1 USN-8052-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-lowlatency 6.8.0-1046.49.1 USN-8028-7
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra 6.8.0-1020.20 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-oem-6.14 6.14.0-1007.7 USN-7650-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-oracle 6.8.0-1043.44 USN-8028-5
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-raspi 6.8.0-1047.51 USN-8028-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-riscv-6.14 6.14.0-24.24.1~24.04.1 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-xilinx 6.8.0-1023.24 USN-8052-2
Show 17 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux +49 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-aws-6.8 +1 6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1 USN-8028-5
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-6.8 6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1 USN-8126-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-fde-6.8 6.8.0-1046.53~22.04.1 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gcp-6.8 6.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2 USN-8031-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-hwe-6.8 +1 6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1 USN-8028-6
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-ibm-6.8 6.8.0-1044.44~22.04.1 USN-8028-8
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 6.8.0-100.100.1~22.04.1 USN-8028-6
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-oracle-6.8 6.8.0-1043.44~22.04.1 USN-8028-5
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-gke +28 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS linux-gcp +14 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS linux-hwe-edge No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-raspi-realtime 6.8.0-2037.38 USN-8028-3
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-realtime 6.8.1-1041.42 USN-8028-3
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-realtime-6.14 6.14.0-1010.10~24.04.1 —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime +1 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime-6.8 6.8.1-1041.42~22.04.1 USN-8028-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS 20.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS 18.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-aws-fips 6.8.0-1046.49+fips1 USN-8028-4
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-azure-fips 6.8.0-1046.52+fips1 USN-8074-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-fips 6.8.0-100.100+fips1 USN-8028-4
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-gcp-fips 6.8.0-1047.50+fips1 USN-8031-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 20.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 18.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-preview 22.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux +21 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS linux +12 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 16.04 LTS linux-gcp +4 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 14.04 LTS linux-azure No fix yet —
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-64kb +6 6.4.0-150700.53.6.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02307-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150700.20.6.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02254-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150700.53.6.1.150700.17.6.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02307-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-64kb +6 6.4.0-150600.23.53.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02000-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150600.8.40.1 SUSE-SU-2025:01965-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-coco +3 6.4.0-15061.28.coco15sp6.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02923-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150600.23.53.1.150600.12.24.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02000-1
SLES 12 SP5 kernel-syms +2 4.12.14-122.266.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02334-1
Show 7 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-30.1.21.8 SUSE-SU-2025:20419-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-rt +1 6.4.0-33.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20421-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-source +2 6.4.0-30.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20419-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-30.1.21.8 SUSE-SU-2025:20408-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-rt +1 6.4.0-33.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20413-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-source +2 6.4.0-30.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20408-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-default 6.4.0-150700.53.6.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02307-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_2 1-150700.1.5.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02333-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_2 1-150700.15.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02307-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-default 6.4.0-150600.23.53.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02000-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_11 1-150600.1.3.2 SUSE-SU-2025:01964-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_12 1-150600.13.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02000-1
SLE Live Patching 12 SP5 kernel-default 4.12.14-122.266.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02334-1
SLE Live Patching 12 SP5 kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP5_Update_70 1-8.5.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02334-1
SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP7 kernel-rt +2 6.4.0-150700.7.8.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02333-1
SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP6 kernel-rt +3 6.4.0-150600.10.39.1 SUSE-SU-2025:01964-1
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
openSUSE Leap 15.6 dtb-aarch64 +10 6.4.0-150600.23.53.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02000-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150600.8.40.1 SUSE-SU-2025:01965-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150600.23.53.1.150600.12.24.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02000-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-rt +3 6.4.0-150600.10.39.1 SUSE-SU-2025:01964-1

Amazon Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Amazon Linux 2023 kernel-livepatch-6.12.29-33.102 +1 1.0-0.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1050, ALAS2023-2025-994
Amazon Linux 2023 perf +14 6.1.140-154.222.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1050, ALAS2023-2025-994
Amazon Linux 2023 perf6.12 +5 6.12.29-33.102.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-994

Oracle Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Oracle Linux 9 kernel-uek +34 6.12.0-101.33.4.3.el10uek ELSA-2025-20530, ELSA-2025-20480

Public exploits

Exploit or proof-of-concept code for this vulnerability is publicly available, which lowers the bar for attackers. Treat it as a reason to patch sooner.

Third-party code, not reviewed by us. Public PoCs are sometimes fake or contain malware. Read the code first and run it only in an isolated lab, against systems you are authorised to test.

Exploit-DB 1

Sources: PoC-in-GitHub, Metasploit Framework, Exploit-DB — updated daily. Only links are listed; no exploit code is hosted here.

Advisories 41

References