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Unscored CVE-2025-38407 EUVD-2025-22594GHSA-qq4v-pr8w-v8hg

riscv: cpu_ops_sbi: Use static array for boot_data

Published Jul 25, 2025 · Updated May 11, 2026 · Assigned by Linux

Vendor: Linux Product: Linux Package: linux Package: linux Package: linux-allwinner-5.19 Package: linux-aws Package: linux-aws-5.0 Package: linux-aws-5.11 Package: linux-aws-5.13 Package: linux-aws-5.19 Package: linux-aws-5.3 Package: linux-aws-5.8 Package: linux-aws-6.14 Package: linux-aws-6.2 Package: linux-aws-6.5 Package: linux-aws-6.8 Package: linux-aws-fips Package: linux-azure Package: linux-azure-5.11 Package: linux-azure-5.13 Package: linux-azure-5.19 Package: linux-azure-5.3 Package: linux-azure-5.8 Package: linux-azure-6.11 Package: linux-azure-6.14 Package: linux-azure-6.2 Package: linux-azure-6.5 Package: linux-azure-6.8 Package: linux-azure-edge Package: linux-azure-fde Package: linux-azure-fde-5.19 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.2 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.8 Package: linux-azure-fips Package: linux-azure-nvidia Package: linux-azure-nvidia-6.14 Package: linux-bluefield Package: linux-fips Package: linux-gcp Package: linux-gcp-5.11 Package: linux-gcp-5.13 Package: linux-gcp-5.19 Package: linux-gcp-5.3 Package: linux-gcp-5.8 Package: linux-gcp-6.11 Package: linux-gcp-6.14 Package: linux-gcp-6.2 Package: linux-gcp-6.5 Package: linux-gcp-6.8 Package: linux-gcp-fips Package: linux-gke Package: linux-gke-4.15 Package: linux-gke-5.15 Package: linux-gke-5.4 Package: linux-gkeop Package: linux-gkeop-5.15 Package: linux-gkeop-5.4 Package: linux-hwe Package: linux-hwe-5.11 Package: linux-hwe-5.13 Package: linux-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-hwe-5.8 Package: linux-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-hwe-6.8 Package: linux-hwe-edge Package: linux-ibm Package: linux-ibm-6.8 Package: linux-intel Package: linux-intel-5.13 Package: linux-intel-iot-realtime Package: linux-lowlatency Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 Package: linux-nvidia Package: linux-nvidia-6.11 Package: linux-nvidia-6.2 Package: linux-nvidia-6.5 Package: linux-nvidia-6.8 Package: linux-nvidia-lowlatency Package: linux-nvidia-tegra Package: linux-oem Package: linux-oem-5.10 Package: linux-oem-5.13 Package: linux-oem-5.14 Package: linux-oem-5.17 Package: linux-oem-5.6 Package: linux-oem-6.0 Package: linux-oem-6.1 Package: linux-oem-6.11 Package: linux-oem-6.14 Package: linux-oem-6.5 Package: linux-oem-6.8 Package: linux-oracle Package: linux-oracle-5.0 Package: linux-oracle-5.11 Package: linux-oracle-5.13 Package: linux-oracle-5.3 Package: linux-oracle-5.8 Package: linux-oracle-6.14 Package: linux-oracle-6.5 Package: linux-oracle-6.8 Package: linux-raspi Package: linux-raspi-realtime Package: linux-raspi2 Package: linux-realtime Package: linux-realtime-6.14 Package: linux-realtime-6.8 Package: linux-riscv Package: linux-riscv-5.11 Package: linux-riscv-5.19 Package: linux-riscv-5.8 Package: linux-riscv-6.14 Package: linux-riscv-6.5 Package: linux-riscv-6.8 Package: linux-starfive-5.19 Package: linux-starfive-6.2 Package: linux-starfive-6.5 Package: linux-vmware Package: linux-xilinx Platform: Linux Ecosystem: Debian Ecosystem: Ubuntu

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

riscv: cpu_ops_sbi: Use static array for boot_data

Since commit 6b9f29b81b15 ("riscv: Enable pcpu page first chunk
allocator"), if NUMA is enabled, the page percpu allocator may be used
on very sparse configurations, or when requested on boot with
percpu_alloc=page.

In that case, percpu data gets put in the vmalloc area. However,
sbi_hsm_hart_start() needs the physical address of a sbi_hart_boot_data,
and simply assumes that __pa() would work. This causes the just started
hart to immediately access an invalid address and hang.

Fortunately, struct sbi_hart_boot_data is not too large, so we can
simply allocate an array for boot_data statically, putting it in the
kernel image.

This fixes NUMA=y SMP boot on Sophgo SG2042.

To reproduce on QEMU: Set CONFIG_NUMA=y and CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL=y, then
run with:

qemu-system-riscv64 -M virt -smp 2 -nographic \
-kernel arch/riscv/boot/Image \
-append "percpu_alloc=page"

Kernel output:

[ 0.000000] Booting Linux on hartid 0
[ 0.000000] Linux version 6.16.0-rc1 (dram@sakuya) (riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc (GCC) 14.2.1 20250322, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.44) #11 SMP Tue Jun 24 14:56:22 CST 2025
...
[ 0.000000] percpu: 28 4K pages/cpu s85784 r8192 d20712
...
[ 0.083192] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[ 0.086722] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 0.086849] virt_to_phys used for non-linear address: (____ptrval____) (0xff2000000001d080)
[ 0.088001] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 1 at arch/riscv/mm/physaddr.c:14 __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8
[ 0.088376] Modules linked in:
[ 0.088656] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc1 #11 NONE
[ 0.088833] Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT)
[ 0.088948] epc : __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8
[ 0.089001] ra : __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8
[ 0.089037] epc : ffffffff80021eaa ra : ffffffff80021eaa sp : ff2000000004bbc0
[ 0.089057] gp : ffffffff817f49c0 tp : ff60000001d60000 t0 : 5f6f745f74726976
[ 0.089076] t1 : 0000000000000076 t2 : 705f6f745f747269 s0 : ff2000000004bbe0
[ 0.089095] s1 : ff2000000001d080 a0 : 0000000000000000 a1 : 0000000000000000
[ 0.089113] a2 : 0000000000000000 a3 : 0000000000000000 a4 : 0000000000000000
[ 0.089131] a5 : 0000000000000000 a6 : 0000000000000000 a7 : 0000000000000000
[ 0.089155] s2 : ffffffff8130dc00 s3 : 0000000000000001 s4 : 0000000000000001
[ 0.089174] s5 : ffffffff8185eff8 s6 : ff2000007f1eb000 s7 : ffffffff8002a2ec
[ 0.089193] s8 : 0000000000000001 s9 : 0000000000000001 s10: 0000000000000000
[ 0.089211] s11: 0000000000000000 t3 : ffffffff8180a9f7 t4 : ffffffff8180a9f7
[ 0.089960] t5 : ffffffff8180a9f8 t6 : ff2000000004b9d8
[ 0.089984] status: 0000000200000120 badaddr: ffffffff80021eaa cause: 0000000000000003
[ 0.090101] [<ffffffff80021eaa>] __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8
[ 0.090228] [<ffffffff8001d796>] sbi_cpu_start+0x6e/0xe8
[ 0.090247] [<ffffffff8001a5da>] __cpu_up+0x1e/0x8c
[ 0.090260] [<ffffffff8002a32e>] bringup_cpu+0x42/0x258
[ 0.090277] [<ffffffff8002914c>] cpuhp_invoke_callback+0xe0/0x40c
[ 0.090292] [<ffffffff800294e0>] __cpuhp_invoke_callback_range+0x68/0xfc
[ 0.090320] [<ffffffff8002a96a>] _cpu_up+0x11a/0x244
[ 0.090334] [<ffffffff8002aae6>] cpu_up+0x52/0x90
[ 0.090384] [<ffffffff80c09350>] bringup_nonboot_cpus+0x78/0x118
[ 0.090411] [<ffffffff80c11060>] smp_init+0x34/0xb8
[ 0.090425] [<ffffffff80c01220>] kernel_init_freeable+0x148/0x2e4
[ 0.090442] [<ffffffff80b83802>] kernel_init+0x1e/0x14c
[ 0.090455] [<ffffffff800124ca>] ret_from_fork_kernel+0xe/0xf0
[ 0.090471] [<ffffffff80b8d9c2>] ret_from_fork_kernel_asm+0x16/0x18
[ 0.090560] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
[ 1.179875] CPU1: failed to come online
[ 1.190324] smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU

Affected products

VendorProductAffectedFixed
Linux Linux 6.8 6.12.37

Fixed in Linux distributions

Distributions backport fixes, so the version that fixes this vulnerability differs per release — upgrade to at least the version shown. From the distributions' security trackers and advisories.

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian 14 linux 6.12.37-1 —
Debian 13 linux 6.12.37-1 —
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 24.04 LTS linux-bluefield 6.8.0-1016.20 —
Ubuntu 25.10 linux-azure-fde No fix yet —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux 6.8.0-100.100 USN-8028-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-aws +1 6.8.0-1046.49 USN-8028-5
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-aws-6.14 +1 6.14.0-1015.15~24.04.1 USN-7833-3, USN-7833-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure 6.8.0-1046.52 USN-8074-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure-6.14 6.14.0-1014.14~24.04.1 USN-7834-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure-fde 6.8.0-1046.53 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure-nvidia 6.8.0-1039.42 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure-nvidia-6.14 6.14.0-1007.7 USN-7834-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gcp 6.8.0-1047.50 USN-8031-3
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gcp-6.14 6.14.0-1018.19~24.04.1 USN-7833-4
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gke 6.8.0-1043.48 USN-8031-3
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gkeop 6.8.0-1030.33 USN-8028-5
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-hwe-6.14 6.14.0-34.34~24.04.1 USN-7856-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-ibm 6.8.0-1044.44 USN-8028-8
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-intel +10 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-lowlatency 6.8.0-100.100.1 USN-8052-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-lowlatency 6.8.0-1046.49.1 USN-8028-7
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra 6.8.0-1020.20 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-oem-6.14 6.14.0-1014.14 USN-7833-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-oracle 6.8.0-1043.44 USN-8028-5
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-raspi 6.8.0-1047.51 USN-8028-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-riscv-6.14 6.14.0-34.34.1~24.04.1 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-xilinx 6.8.0-1023.24 USN-8052-2
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-aws-6.8 +1 6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1 USN-8028-5
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-6.8 6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1 USN-8126-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-fde-6.8 6.8.0-1046.53~22.04.1 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gcp-6.8 6.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2 USN-8031-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-hwe-6.8 +1 6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1 USN-8028-6
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-ibm-6.8 6.8.0-1044.44~22.04.1 USN-8028-8
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 6.8.0-100.100.1~22.04.1 USN-8028-6
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-oracle-6.8 6.8.0-1043.44~22.04.1 USN-8028-5
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-riscv +32 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-gke +28 No fix yet —
Show 5 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS linux-gcp +14 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS linux-hwe-edge No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-raspi-realtime 6.8.0-2037.38 USN-8028-3
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-realtime 6.8.1-1041.42 USN-8028-3
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-realtime-6.14 6.14.0-1014.14~24.04.1 USN-7833-2
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime-6.8 6.8.1-1041.42~22.04.1 USN-8028-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-aws-fips 6.8.0-1046.49+fips1 USN-8028-4
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-azure-fips 6.8.0-1046.52+fips1 USN-8074-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-fips 6.8.0-100.100+fips1 USN-8028-4
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-gcp-fips 6.8.0-1047.50+fips1 USN-8031-2

Advisories 23

References