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High · 7.8 CVE-2025-38449 EUVD-2025-22692GHSA-p8xh-x6wj-7w7g

drm/gem: Acquire references on GEM handles for framebuffers

Published Jul 25, 2025 · Updated Oct 15, 2026 · Assigned by Linux

Vendor: Linux Product: Linux Package: kernel Package: linux Package: linux Package: linux-allwinner-5.19 Package: linux-aws Package: linux-aws-5.0 Package: linux-aws-5.11 Package: linux-aws-5.13 Package: linux-aws-5.15 Package: linux-aws-5.19 Package: linux-aws-5.3 Package: linux-aws-5.4 Package: linux-aws-5.8 Package: linux-aws-6.14 Package: linux-aws-6.2 Package: linux-aws-6.5 Package: linux-aws-6.8 Package: linux-aws-fips Package: linux-aws-hwe Package: linux-azure Package: linux-azure-4.15 Package: linux-azure-5.11 Package: linux-azure-5.13 Package: linux-azure-5.15 Package: linux-azure-5.19 Package: linux-azure-5.3 Package: linux-azure-5.4 Package: linux-azure-5.8 Package: linux-azure-6.11 Package: linux-azure-6.14 Package: linux-azure-6.2 Package: linux-azure-6.5 Package: linux-azure-6.8 Package: linux-azure-edge Package: linux-azure-fde Package: linux-azure-fde-5.15 Package: linux-azure-fde-5.19 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.14 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.2 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.8 Package: linux-azure-fips Package: linux-azure-nvidia Package: linux-azure-nvidia-6.14 Package: linux-bluefield Package: linux-fips Package: linux-gcp Package: linux-gcp-4.15 Package: linux-gcp-5.11 Package: linux-gcp-5.13 Package: linux-gcp-5.15 Package: linux-gcp-5.19 Package: linux-gcp-5.3 Package: linux-gcp-5.4 Package: linux-gcp-5.8 Package: linux-gcp-6.11 Package: linux-gcp-6.14 Package: linux-gcp-6.2 Package: linux-gcp-6.5 Package: linux-gcp-6.8 Package: linux-gcp-fips Package: linux-gke Package: linux-gke-4.15 Package: linux-gke-5.15 Package: linux-gke-5.4 Package: linux-gkeop Package: linux-gkeop-5.15 Package: linux-gkeop-5.4 Package: linux-hwe Package: linux-hwe-5.11 Package: linux-hwe-5.13 Package: linux-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-hwe-5.4 Package: linux-hwe-5.8 Package: linux-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-hwe-6.8 Package: linux-hwe-edge Package: linux-ibm Package: linux-ibm-5.15 Package: linux-ibm-5.4 Package: linux-ibm-6.8 Package: linux-intel Package: linux-intel-5.13 Package: linux-intel-iot-realtime Package: linux-intel-iotg Package: linux-intel-iotg-5.15 Package: linux-iot Package: linux-kvm Package: linux-lowlatency Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 Package: linux-lts-xenial Package: linux-nvidia Package: linux-nvidia-6.11 Package: linux-nvidia-6.2 Package: linux-nvidia-6.5 Package: linux-nvidia-6.8 Package: linux-nvidia-lowlatency Package: linux-nvidia-tegra Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-igx Package: linux-oem Package: linux-oem-5.10 Package: linux-oem-5.13 Package: linux-oem-5.14 Package: linux-oem-5.17 Package: linux-oem-5.6 Package: linux-oem-6.0 Package: linux-oem-6.1 Package: linux-oem-6.11 Package: linux-oem-6.14 Package: linux-oem-6.5 Package: linux-oem-6.8 Package: linux-oracle Package: linux-oracle-5.0 Package: linux-oracle-5.11 Package: linux-oracle-5.13 Package: linux-oracle-5.15 Package: linux-oracle-5.3 Package: linux-oracle-5.4 Package: linux-oracle-5.8 Package: linux-oracle-6.14 Package: linux-oracle-6.5 Package: linux-oracle-6.8 Package: linux-raspi Package: linux-raspi-5.4 Package: linux-raspi-realtime Package: linux-raspi2 Package: linux-realtime Package: linux-realtime-6.14 Package: linux-realtime-6.8 Package: linux-riscv Package: linux-riscv-5.11 Package: linux-riscv-5.15 Package: linux-riscv-5.19 Package: linux-riscv-5.8 Package: linux-riscv-6.14 Package: linux-riscv-6.5 Package: linux-riscv-6.8 Package: linux-starfive-5.19 Package: linux-starfive-6.2 Package: linux-starfive-6.5 Package: linux-vmware Package: linux-xilinx Package: linux-xilinx-zynqmp Platform: Linux Ecosystem: Azure Linux Ecosystem: Debian Ecosystem: Ubuntu

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/gem: Acquire references on GEM handles for framebuffers

A GEM handle can be released while the GEM buffer object is attached
to a DRM framebuffer. This leads to the release of the dma-buf backing
the buffer object, if any. [1] Trying to use the framebuffer in further
mode-setting operations leads to a segmentation fault. Most easily
happens with driver that use shadow planes for vmap-ing the dma-buf
during a page flip. An example is shown below.

[ 156.791968] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 156.796830] WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 2255 at drivers/dma-buf/dma-buf.c:1527 dma_buf_vmap+0x224/0x430
[...]
[ 156.942028] RIP: 0010:dma_buf_vmap+0x224/0x430
[ 157.043420] Call Trace:
[ 157.045898] <TASK>
[ 157.048030] ? show_trace_log_lvl+0x1af/0x2c0
[ 157.052436] ? show_trace_log_lvl+0x1af/0x2c0
[ 157.056836] ? show_trace_log_lvl+0x1af/0x2c0
[ 157.061253] ? drm_gem_shmem_vmap+0x74/0x710
[ 157.065567] ? dma_buf_vmap+0x224/0x430
[ 157.069446] ? __warn.cold+0x58/0xe4
[ 157.073061] ? dma_buf_vmap+0x224/0x430
[ 157.077111] ? report_bug+0x1dd/0x390
[ 157.080842] ? handle_bug+0x5e/0xa0
[ 157.084389] ? exc_invalid_op+0x14/0x50
[ 157.088291] ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x16/0x20
[ 157.092548] ? dma_buf_vmap+0x224/0x430
[ 157.096663] ? dma_resv_get_singleton+0x6d/0x230
[ 157.101341] ? __pfx_dma_buf_vmap+0x10/0x10
[ 157.105588] ? __pfx_dma_resv_get_singleton+0x10/0x10
[ 157.110697] drm_gem_shmem_vmap+0x74/0x710
[ 157.114866] drm_gem_vmap+0xa9/0x1b0
[ 157.118763] drm_gem_vmap_unlocked+0x46/0xa0
[ 157.123086] drm_gem_fb_vmap+0xab/0x300
[ 157.126979] drm_atomic_helper_prepare_planes.part.0+0x487/0xb10
[ 157.133032] ? lockdep_init_map_type+0x19d/0x880
[ 157.137701] drm_atomic_helper_commit+0x13d/0x2e0
[ 157.142671] ? drm_atomic_nonblocking_commit+0xa0/0x180
[ 157.147988] drm_mode_atomic_ioctl+0x766/0xe40
[...]
[ 157.346424] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---

Acquiring GEM handles for the framebuffer's GEM buffer objects prevents
this from happening. The framebuffer's cleanup later puts the handle
references.

Commit 1a148af06000 ("drm/gem-shmem: Use dma_buf from GEM object
instance") triggers the segmentation fault easily by using the dma-buf
field more widely. The underlying issue with reference counting has
been present before.

v2:
- acquire the handle instead of the BO (Christian)
- fix comment style (Christian)
- drop the Fixes tag (Christian)
- rename err_ gotos
- add missing Link tag

Affected products

VendorProductAffectedFixed
Linux Linux 3.12 6.6.99

Fixed in Linux distributions

Distributions backport fixes, so the version that fixes this vulnerability differs per release — upgrade to at least the version shown. From the distributions' security trackers and advisories.

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian 14 linux 6.16.3-1 —
Debian 13 linux 6.12.41-1 DSA-5975-1
Debian 12 linux No fix yet —
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 24.04 LTS linux-bluefield 6.8.0-1016.20 —
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 22.04 LTS linux-bluefield No fix yet —
Ubuntu 25.10 linux-azure-fde No fix yet —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux 6.8.0-100.100 USN-8028-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-aws +1 6.8.0-1046.49 USN-8028-5
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-aws-6.14 +2 6.14.0-1017.17~24.04.1 USN-7934-1, USN-7879-3
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure 6.8.0-1046.52 USN-8074-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure-fde 6.8.0-1046.53 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure-nvidia 6.8.0-1039.42 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gcp 6.8.0-1047.50 USN-8031-3
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gcp-6.14 6.14.0-1020.21~24.04.1 USN-7879-4
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gke 6.8.0-1043.48 USN-8031-3
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gkeop 6.8.0-1030.33 USN-8028-5
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-hwe-6.14 6.14.0-36.36~24.04.1 USN-7879-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-ibm 6.8.0-1044.44 USN-8028-8
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-intel +12 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-lowlatency 6.8.0-100.100.1 USN-8052-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-lowlatency 6.8.0-1046.49.1 USN-8028-7
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra 6.8.0-1020.20 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-oem-6.14 6.14.0-1016.16 USN-7880-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-oracle 6.8.0-1043.44 USN-8028-5
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-raspi 6.8.0-1047.51 USN-8028-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-riscv-6.14 6.14.0-36.36.1~24.04.1 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-xilinx 6.8.0-1023.24 USN-8052-2
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux +49 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-aws-6.8 +1 6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1 USN-8028-5
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-6.8 6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1 USN-8126-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-fde-6.8 6.8.0-1046.53~22.04.1 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gcp-6.8 6.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2 USN-8031-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-hwe-6.8 +1 6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1 USN-8028-6
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-ibm-6.8 6.8.0-1044.44~22.04.1 USN-8028-8
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 6.8.0-100.100.1~22.04.1 USN-8028-6
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-oracle-6.8 6.8.0-1043.44~22.04.1 USN-8028-5
Show 18 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-gke +28 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS linux-gcp +14 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS linux-hwe-edge No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-raspi-realtime 6.8.0-2037.38 USN-8028-3
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-realtime 6.8.1-1041.42 USN-8028-3
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-realtime-6.14 6.14.0-1016.16~24.04.1 USN-7879-2
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime +1 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime-6.8 6.8.1-1041.42~22.04.1 USN-8028-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS 20.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS 18.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS 16.04 LTS linux-fips No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-aws-fips 6.8.0-1046.49+fips1 USN-8028-4
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-azure-fips 6.8.0-1046.52+fips1 USN-8074-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-fips 6.8.0-100.100+fips1 USN-8028-4
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-gcp-fips 6.8.0-1047.50+fips1 USN-8031-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 20.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 18.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 16.04 LTS linux-fips No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-preview 22.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux +21 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS linux +12 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 16.04 LTS linux +7 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 14.04 LTS linux +3 No fix yet —
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
RHEL 10 rv +77 6.12.0-55.31.1.el10_0 RHSA-2025:15447
RHEL 9 rv +76 5.14.0-570.42.2.el9_6 RHSA-2025:15661
RHEL 8 kernel-rt +12 4.18.0-553.75.1.rt7.416.el8_10 RHSA-2025:15786
RHEL 8 perf +26 4.18.0-553.75.1.el8_10 RHSA-2025:15785
Show 11 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
RHEL 9.4 EUS bpftool 7.3.0-427.92.1.el9_4 RHSA-2025:17241
RHEL 9.4 EUS rv +64 5.14.0-427.92.1.el9_4 RHSA-2025:17241
RHEL 9.2 E4S bpftool 7.0.0-284.140.1.el9_2 RHSA-2025:17122
RHEL 9.2 E4S kernel-rt +14 5.14.0-284.140.1.rt14.425.el9_2 RHSA-2025:17123
RHEL 9.2 E4S perf +47 5.14.0-284.140.1.el9_2 RHSA-2025:17122
RHEL 9.0 E4S kernel-rt +12 5.14.0-70.148.1.rt21.220.el9_0 RHSA-2025:17192
RHEL 9.0 E4S perf +28 5.14.0-70.148.1.el9_0 RHSA-2025:17159
RHEL 8.8 TUS perf +17 4.18.0-477.114.1.el8_8 RHSA-2025:17570
RHEL 8.8 E4S perf +18 4.18.0-477.114.1.el8_8 RHSA-2025:17570
RHEL 8.6 TUS perf +17 4.18.0-372.164.1.el8_6 RHSA-2025:18043
RHEL 8.6 E4S perf +25 4.18.0-372.164.1.el8_6 RHSA-2025:18043
RHEL 8.6 AUS perf +17 4.18.0-372.164.1.el8_6 RHSA-2025:18043
RHEL 8.4 EUS Long Life perf +17 4.18.0-305.179.1.el8_4 RHSA-2025:22752
RHEL 8.4 AUS perf +17 4.18.0-305.179.1.el8_4 RHSA-2025:22752
RHEL 8.2 AUS perf +17 4.18.0-193.173.1.el8_2 RHSA-2025:21667

AlmaLinux

Errata ↗
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
AlmaLinux 10 kernel-doc +1 6.12.0-55.31.1.el10_0 ALSA-2025:15447
AlmaLinux 9 rv +75 5.14.0-570.42.2.el9_6 ALSA-2025:15661
AlmaLinux 8 kernel-rt +9 4.18.0-553.75.1.rt7.416.el8_10 ALSA-2025:15786
AlmaLinux 8 perf +24 4.18.0-553.75.1.el8_10 ALSA-2025:15785

Rocky Linux

Errata ↗
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Rocky Linux 9 kernel 5.14.0-570.42.2.el9_6 RLSA-2025:15661
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-64kb +5 6.4.0-150700.53.11.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02997-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150700.20.11.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03011-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150700.53.11.1.150700.17.9.4 SUSE-SU-2025:02997-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-docs 6.4.0-150700.53.11.3 SUSE-SU-2025:02997-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-64kb +6 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02996-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150600.8.48.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02969-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-coco +3 6.4.0-15061.28.coco15sp6.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02923-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1.150600.12.28.4 SUSE-SU-2025:02996-1
SLES 12 SP5 kernel-syms +2 4.12.14-122.272.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03204-1
Show 10 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLES for SAP 16.0 kernel-64kb +7 6.12.0-160000.6.1 SUSE-SU-2025:21139-1
SLES for SAP 16.0 kernel-default-base 6.12.0-160000.6.1.160000.2.4 SUSE-SU-2025:21139-1
SLES 16.0 kernel-64kb +7 6.12.0-160000.6.1 SUSE-SU-2025:21179-1, SUSE-SU-2025:21139-1
SLES 16.0 kernel-default-base 6.12.0-160000.6.1.160000.2.4 SUSE-SU-2025:21139-1
SLE Micro 6.2 kernel-default-base 6.12.0-160000.6.1.160000.2.4 SUSE-SU-2025:21074-1
SLE Micro 6.2 kernel-rt +5 6.12.0-160000.6.1 SUSE-SU-2026:20560-1, SUSE-SU-2025:21074-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-32.1.21.10 SUSE-SU-2025:20602-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-rt +1 6.4.0-35.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20601-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-source +2 6.4.0-32.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20602-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-32.1.21.10 SUSE-SU-2025:20586-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-rt +1 6.4.0-35.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20577-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-source +2 6.4.0-32.1 SUSE-SU-2025:20586-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-default 6.4.0-150700.53.11.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02997-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_3 1-150700.1.5.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02853-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_3 1-150700.15.3.4 SUSE-SU-2025:02997-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-default 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02996-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_14 1-150600.1.5.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03023-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_14 1-150600.13.3.4 SUSE-SU-2025:02996-1
SLE Live Patching 12 SP5 kernel-default 4.12.14-122.272.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03204-1
SLE Live Patching 12 SP5 kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP5_Update_72 1-8.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03204-1
SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP7 kernel-rt +2 6.4.0-150700.7.13.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02853-1
SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP6 kernel-rt +3 6.4.0-150600.10.49.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03023-1
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
openSUSE Leap 16.0 kernel-default-base 6.12.0-160000.6.1.160000.2.4 openSUSE-SU-2025:20081-1
openSUSE Leap 16.0 kernel-rt +10 6.12.0-160000.6.1 openSUSE-SU-2025:20081-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 dtb-aarch64 +10 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02996-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150600.8.48.1 SUSE-SU-2025:02969-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1.150600.12.28.4 SUSE-SU-2025:02996-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-rt +3 6.4.0-150600.10.49.1 SUSE-SU-2025:03023-1

Amazon Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Amazon Linux 2023 kernel-livepatch-6.12.40-63.114 1:1.0-0.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1145
Amazon Linux 2023 perf6.12 +14 1:6.12.40-63.114.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1145

Azure Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Azure Linux 3 kernel 6.6.104.2-1 —
Azure Linux 2 (CBL-Mariner) kernel No fix yet —

Oracle Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Oracle Linux 10 rv +28 6.12.0-55.31.1.0.1.el10_0 ELSA-2025-15447
Oracle Linux 9 kernel-uek +34 6.12.0-103.40.4.1.el10uek ELSA-2025-20551
Oracle Linux 9 rv +28 5.14.0-570.42.2.0.1.el9_6 ELSA-2025-15661
Oracle Linux 8 perf +19 4.18.0-553.75.1.el8_10 ELSA-2025-15785

Advisories 50

References