Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: prevent A-MSDU attacks in mesh networks
This patch is a mitigation to prevent the A-MSDU spoofing vulnerability
for mesh networks. The initial update to the IEEE 802.11 standard, in
response to the FragAttacks, missed this case (CVE-2025-27558). It can
be considered a variant of CVE-2020-24588 but for mesh networks.
This patch tries to detect if a standard MSDU was turned into an A-MSDU
by an adversary. This is done by parsing a received A-MSDU as a standard
MSDU, calculating the length of the Mesh Control header, and seeing if
the 6 bytes after this header equal the start of an rfc1042 header. If
equal, this is a strong indication of an ongoing attack attempt.
This defense was tested with mac80211_hwsim against a mesh network that
uses an empty Mesh Address Extension field, i.e., when four addresses
are used, and when using a 12-byte Mesh Address Extension field, i.e.,
when six addresses are used. Functionality of normal MSDUs and A-MSDUs
was also tested, and confirmed working, when using both an empty and
12-byte Mesh Address Extension field.
It was also tested with mac80211_hwsim that A-MSDU attacks in non-mesh
networks keep being detected and prevented.
Note that the vulnerability being patched, and the defense being
implemented, was also discussed in the following paper and in the
following IEEE 802.11 presentation:
https://papers.mathyvanhoef.com/wisec2025.pdf
https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/25/11-25-0949-00-000m-a-msdu-mesh-spoof-protection.docx
Affected products
| Vendor | Product | Affected | Fixed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux | 6.1.107 – < 6.1.146, 6.3 | 6.1.146 |
Fixed in Linux distributions
Distributions backport fixes, so the version that fixes this vulnerability differs per release — upgrade to at least the version shown. From the distributions' security trackers and advisories.
Debian
Security tracker ↗| Release | Package | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian 14 | linux | 6.16.3-1 | — |
| Debian 13 | linux | 6.12.41-1 | — |
| Debian 12 | linux | 6.1.147-1 | — |
| Debian 11 | linux-6.1 | 6.1.153-1~deb11u1 | DLA-4328-1 |
Ubuntu
Security tracker ↗| Release | Package | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 24.04 LTS | linux-bluefield | 6.8.0-1016.20 | — |
| Ubuntu 25.10 | linux-azure-fde | No fix yet | — |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux | 6.8.0-100.100 | USN-8028-1 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-aws +1 | 6.8.0-1046.49 | USN-8028-5 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-aws-6.14 +2 | 6.14.0-1017.17~24.04.1 | USN-7934-1, USN-7879-3 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-azure | 6.8.0-1046.52 | USN-8074-1 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-azure-fde | 6.8.0-1046.53 | — |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-azure-nvidia | 6.8.0-1039.42 | — |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-gcp | 6.8.0-1047.50 | USN-8031-3 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-gcp-6.14 | 6.14.0-1020.21~24.04.1 | USN-7879-4 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-gke | 6.8.0-1043.48 | USN-8031-3 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-gkeop | 6.8.0-1030.33 | USN-8028-5 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-hwe-6.14 | 6.14.0-36.36~24.04.1 | USN-7879-1 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-ibm | 6.8.0-1044.44 | USN-8028-8 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-intel +12 | No fix yet | — |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-lowlatency | 6.8.0-100.100.1 | USN-8052-1 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-nvidia-lowlatency | 6.8.0-1046.49.1 | USN-8028-7 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-nvidia-tegra | 6.8.0-1020.20 | — |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-oem-6.14 | 6.14.0-1016.16 | USN-7880-1 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-oracle | 6.8.0-1043.44 | USN-8028-5 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-raspi | 6.8.0-1047.51 | USN-8028-1 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-riscv-6.14 | 6.14.0-36.36.1~24.04.1 | — |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTS | linux-xilinx | 6.8.0-1023.24 | USN-8052-2 |
| Ubuntu 22.04 LTS | linux-aws-6.8 +1 | 6.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1 | USN-8028-5 |
| Ubuntu 22.04 LTS | linux-azure-6.8 | 6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1 | USN-8126-1 |
| Ubuntu 22.04 LTS | linux-azure-fde-6.8 | 6.8.0-1046.53~22.04.1 | — |
| Ubuntu 22.04 LTS | linux-gcp-6.8 | 6.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2 | USN-8031-1 |
| Ubuntu 22.04 LTS | linux-hwe-6.8 +1 | 6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1 | USN-8028-6 |
| Ubuntu 22.04 LTS | linux-ibm-6.8 | 6.8.0-1044.44~22.04.1 | USN-8028-8 |
| Ubuntu 22.04 LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 | 6.8.0-100.100.1~22.04.1 | USN-8028-6 |
| Ubuntu 22.04 LTS | linux-oracle-6.8 | 6.8.0-1043.44~22.04.1 | USN-8028-5 |
| Ubuntu 22.04 LTS | linux-riscv +32 | No fix yet | — |
| Ubuntu 20.04 LTS | linux-gke +28 | No fix yet | — |
Show 5 more (older releases, extended support, other products)Fewer releases
| Release | Package | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ubuntu 18.04 LTS | linux-gcp +14 | No fix yet | — |
| Ubuntu 16.04 LTS | linux-hwe-edge | No fix yet | — |
| Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS | linux-raspi-realtime | 6.8.0-2037.38 | USN-8028-3 |
| Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS | linux-realtime | 6.8.1-1041.42 | USN-8028-3 |
| Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS | linux-realtime-6.14 | 6.14.0-1016.16~24.04.1 | USN-7879-2 |
| Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS | linux-realtime-6.8 | 6.8.1-1041.42~22.04.1 | USN-8028-2 |
| Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS | linux-aws-fips | 6.8.0-1046.49+fips1 | USN-8028-4 |
| Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS | linux-azure-fips | 6.8.0-1046.52+fips1 | USN-8074-2 |
| Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS | linux-fips | 6.8.0-100.100+fips1 | USN-8028-4 |
| Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS | linux-gcp-fips | 6.8.0-1047.50+fips1 | USN-8031-2 |
SUSE
Security tracker ↗| Release | Package | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| SLES 15 SP7 | kernel-64kb +6 | 6.4.0-150700.53.16.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:03290-1 |
| SLES 15 SP7 | kernel-azure +1 | 6.4.0-150700.20.15.2 | SUSE-SU-2025:03633-1 |
| SLES 15 SP7 | kernel-default-base | 6.4.0-150700.53.16.1.150700.17.11.2 | SUSE-SU-2025:03290-1 |
| SLES 15 SP7 | kernel-syms-azure | 6.4.0-150700.20.15.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:03633-1 |
| SLES 15 SP6 | kernel-64kb +6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:03301-1 |
| SLES 15 SP6 | kernel-azure +2 | 6.4.0-150600.8.52.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:03634-1 |
| SLES 15 SP6 | kernel-coco +3 | 6.4.0-15061.32.coco15sp6.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:03602-1 |
| SLES 15 SP6 | kernel-default-base | 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1.150600.12.30.2 | SUSE-SU-2025:03301-1 |
| SLES 12 SP5 | kernel-syms +2 | 4.12.14-122.272.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:03204-1 |
Show 10 more (older releases, extended support, other products)Fewer releases
| Release | Package | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| SLES for SAP 16.0 | kernel-64kb +8 | 6.12.0-160000.26.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:20599-1 |
| SLES for SAP 16.0 | kernel-default-base | 6.12.0-160000.26.1.160000.2.7 | SUSE-SU-2026:20599-1 |
| SLES 16.0 | kernel-64kb +8 | 6.12.0-160000.26.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:20615-1, SUSE-SU-2026:20599-1 |
| SLES 16.0 | kernel-default-base | 6.12.0-160000.26.1.160000.2.7 | SUSE-SU-2026:20599-1 |
| SLE Micro 6.2 | kernel-default-base | 6.12.0-160000.26.1.160000.2.7 | SUSE-SU-2026:20555-1 |
| SLE Micro 6.2 | kernel-rt +5 | 6.12.0-160000.26.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:20570-1, SUSE-SU-2026:20555-1 |
| SLE Micro 6.1 | kernel-default-base | 6.4.0-34.1.21.11 | SUSE-SU-2025:20669-1 |
| SLE Micro 6.1 | kernel-rt +1 | 6.4.0-36.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:20756-1 |
| SLE Micro 6.1 | kernel-source +2 | 6.4.0-34.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:20669-1 |
| SLE Micro 6.0 | kernel-default-base | 6.4.0-34.1.21.11 | SUSE-SU-2025:20653-1 |
| SLE Micro 6.0 | kernel-rt +1 | 6.4.0-36.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:20739-1 |
| SLE Micro 6.0 | kernel-source +2 | 6.4.0-34.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:20653-1 |
| SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 | kernel-default | 6.4.0-150700.53.16.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:03290-1 |
| SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_4 | 1-150700.1.3.2 | SUSE-SU-2025:03382-1 |
| SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_4 | 1-150700.15.3.2 | SUSE-SU-2025:03290-1 |
| SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 | kernel-default | 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:03301-1 |
| SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_15 | 1-150600.1.3.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:03272-1 |
| SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_15 | 1-150600.13.3.2 | SUSE-SU-2025:03301-1 |
| SLE Live Patching 12 SP5 | kernel-default | 4.12.14-122.272.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:03204-1 |
| SLE Live Patching 12 SP5 | kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP5_Update_72 | 1-8.3.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:03204-1 |
| SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP7 | kernel-rt +2 | 6.4.0-150700.7.16.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:03382-1 |
| SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP6 | kernel-rt +3 | 6.4.0-150600.10.52.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:03272-1 |
openSUSE
Security tracker ↗| Release | Package | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| openSUSE Leap 16.0 | kernel-default-base | 6.12.0-160000.26.1.160000.2.7 | openSUSE-SU-2026:20287-1 |
| openSUSE Leap 16.0 | kernel-rt +11 | 6.12.0-160000.26.1 | openSUSE-SU-2026:20287-1 |
| openSUSE Leap 15.6 | dtb-aarch64 +10 | 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:03301-1 |
| openSUSE Leap 15.6 | kernel-azure +2 | 6.4.0-150600.8.52.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:03634-1 |
| openSUSE Leap 15.6 | kernel-default-base | 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1.150600.12.30.2 | SUSE-SU-2025:03301-1 |
| openSUSE Leap 15.6 | kernel-rt +3 | 6.4.0-150600.10.52.1 | SUSE-SU-2025:03272-1 |
Azure Linux
| Release | Package | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| Azure Linux 3 | kernel | 6.6.104.2-1 | — |
Oracle Linux
| Release | Package | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle Linux 9 | kernel-uek +34 | 6.12.0-103.40.4.1.el10uek | ELSA-2025-20551 |
Advisories 42
- WID-SEC-2025-1858 Linux Kernel: Mehrere Schwachstellen BSI CERT-Bund (WID) · Nov 10, 2026
- USN-8028-5 linux-aws, linux-aws-6.8, linux-gkeop, linux-nvidia, linux-nvidia-6.8, linux-oracle, linux-oracle-6.8 vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-8126-1 linux-azure-6.8 vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-8028-8 linux-ibm, linux-ibm-6.8 vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-8028-6 linux-hwe-6.8, linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-8052-1 linux-lowlatency vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-8052-2 linux-xilinx vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-8074-1 linux-azure vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-8074-2 linux-azure-fips vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-8031-3 linux-gcp, linux-gke vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-8028-1 linux, linux-raspi vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-8028-4 linux-aws-fips, linux-fips vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-8028-3 linux-realtime, linux-raspi-realtime vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-8028-2 linux-realtime-6.8 vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-8028-7 linux-nvidia-lowlatency vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-8031-2 linux-gcp-fips vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-8031-1 linux-gcp-6.8 vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-7934-1 linux-azure, linux-azure-6.14 vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-7879-4 linux-gcp-6.14, linux-raspi vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-7879-3 linux-aws-6.14, linux-oracle-6.14 vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-7880-1 linux-oem-6.14 vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- USN-7879-2 linux-realtime-6.14 vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Nov 3, 2026
- SUSE-SU-2026:20570-1 Security update for the Linux Kernel SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Jul 9, 2026
- USN-7879-1 linux, linux-aws, linux-gcp, linux-hwe-6.14, linux-oracle, linux-realtime vulnerabilities Ubuntu Security Notices (USN) · Jun 3, 2026
- openSUSE-SU-2026:20287-1 Security update for the Linux Kernel SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Mar 23, 2026
- SUSE-SU-2026:20615-1 Security update for the Linux Kernel SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Mar 23, 2026
- SUSE-SU-2026:20599-1 Security update for the Linux Kernel SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Mar 23, 2026
- SUSE-SU-2026:20555-1 Security update for the Linux Kernel SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Mar 23, 2026
- SUSE-SU-2025:03634-1 Security update for the Linux Kernel SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Mar 23, 2026
- SUSE-SU-2025:03272-1 Security update for the Linux Kernel SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Mar 23, 2026
- SUSE-SU-2025:03204-1 Security update for the Linux Kernel SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Mar 23, 2026
- SUSE-SU-2025:20669-1 Security update for the Linux Kernel SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Mar 23, 2026
- SUSE-SU-2025:03602-1 Security update for the Linux Kernel SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Mar 23, 2026
- SUSE-SU-2025:03382-1 Security update for the Linux Kernel SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Mar 23, 2026
- SUSE-SU-2025:20739-1 Security update for the Linux Kernel SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Mar 23, 2026
- SUSE-SU-2025:20756-1 Security update for the Linux Kernel SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Mar 23, 2026
- SUSE-SU-2025:03633-1 Security update for the Linux Kernel SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Mar 23, 2026
- SUSE-SU-2025:03290-1 Security update for the Linux Kernel SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Mar 23, 2026
- SUSE-SU-2025:20653-1 Security update for the Linux Kernel SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Mar 23, 2026
- DLA-4328-1 linux-6.1 - security update Debian Security (DSA / DLA) · Mar 9, 2026
- SUSE-SU-2025:03301-1 Security update for the Linux Kernel SUSE / openSUSE Security Updates · Feb 4, 2026
- ELSA-2025-20551 Important: Unbreakable Enterprise kernel security update (Oracle Linux 9) Oracle Linux Security Advisories (ELSA) · Sep 8, 2025
References
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e2c8a3c0388aef6bfc4aabfba07bc7dff16eea80
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec6392061de6681148b63ee6c8744da833498cdd
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e01851f6e9a665a6011b14714b271d3e6b0b8d32
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6e3b09402cc6c3e3474fa548e8adf6897dda05de
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/737bb912ebbe4571195c56eba557c4d7315b26fb