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High · 7.5 CVE-2025-39851 EUVD-2025-30349GHSA-mhrj-pfxm-4x9v

vxlan: Fix NPD when refreshing an FDB entry with a nexthop object

Published Sep 19, 2025 · Updated Oct 30, 2026 · Assigned by Linux

Vendor: Linux Product: Linux Package: kernel Package: linux Package: linux Package: linux-allwinner-5.19 Package: linux-aws Package: linux-aws-5.0 Package: linux-aws-5.11 Package: linux-aws-5.13 Package: linux-aws-5.15 Package: linux-aws-5.19 Package: linux-aws-5.3 Package: linux-aws-5.8 Package: linux-aws-6.14 Package: linux-aws-6.2 Package: linux-aws-6.5 Package: linux-aws-6.8 Package: linux-aws-fips Package: linux-azure Package: linux-azure-5.11 Package: linux-azure-5.13 Package: linux-azure-5.15 Package: linux-azure-5.19 Package: linux-azure-5.3 Package: linux-azure-5.8 Package: linux-azure-6.11 Package: linux-azure-6.14 Package: linux-azure-6.2 Package: linux-azure-6.5 Package: linux-azure-6.8 Package: linux-azure-edge Package: linux-azure-fde Package: linux-azure-fde-5.15 Package: linux-azure-fde-5.19 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.14 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.2 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.8 Package: linux-azure-fips Package: linux-azure-nvidia Package: linux-azure-nvidia-6.14 Package: linux-bluefield Package: linux-fips Package: linux-gcp Package: linux-gcp-5.11 Package: linux-gcp-5.13 Package: linux-gcp-5.15 Package: linux-gcp-5.19 Package: linux-gcp-5.3 Package: linux-gcp-5.8 Package: linux-gcp-6.11 Package: linux-gcp-6.14 Package: linux-gcp-6.2 Package: linux-gcp-6.5 Package: linux-gcp-6.8 Package: linux-gcp-fips Package: linux-gke Package: linux-gke-4.15 Package: linux-gke-5.15 Package: linux-gke-5.4 Package: linux-gkeop Package: linux-gkeop-5.15 Package: linux-gkeop-5.4 Package: linux-hwe Package: linux-hwe-5.11 Package: linux-hwe-5.13 Package: linux-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-hwe-5.8 Package: linux-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-hwe-6.14 Package: linux-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-hwe-6.8 Package: linux-hwe-edge Package: linux-ibm Package: linux-ibm-5.15 Package: linux-ibm-6.8 Package: linux-intel Package: linux-intel-5.13 Package: linux-intel-iot-realtime Package: linux-intel-iotg Package: linux-intel-iotg-5.15 Package: linux-kvm Package: linux-lowlatency Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 Package: linux-nvidia Package: linux-nvidia-6.11 Package: linux-nvidia-6.2 Package: linux-nvidia-6.5 Package: linux-nvidia-6.8 Package: linux-nvidia-lowlatency Package: linux-nvidia-tegra Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-igx Package: linux-oem Package: linux-oem-5.10 Package: linux-oem-5.13 Package: linux-oem-5.14 Package: linux-oem-5.17 Package: linux-oem-5.6 Package: linux-oem-6.0 Package: linux-oem-6.1 Package: linux-oem-6.11 Package: linux-oem-6.14 Package: linux-oem-6.5 Package: linux-oem-6.8 Package: linux-oracle Package: linux-oracle-5.0 Package: linux-oracle-5.11 Package: linux-oracle-5.13 Package: linux-oracle-5.15 Package: linux-oracle-5.3 Package: linux-oracle-5.8 Package: linux-oracle-6.14 Package: linux-oracle-6.5 Package: linux-oracle-6.8 Package: linux-raspi Package: linux-raspi-realtime Package: linux-raspi2 Package: linux-realtime Package: linux-realtime-6.14 Package: linux-realtime-6.8 Package: linux-riscv Package: linux-riscv-5.11 Package: linux-riscv-5.15 Package: linux-riscv-5.19 Package: linux-riscv-5.8 Package: linux-riscv-6.14 Package: linux-riscv-6.5 Package: linux-riscv-6.8 Package: linux-starfive-5.19 Package: linux-starfive-6.2 Package: linux-starfive-6.5 Package: linux-vmware Package: linux-xilinx Package: linux-xilinx-zynqmp Platform: Linux Ecosystem: Azure Linux Ecosystem: Debian Ecosystem: Ubuntu

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

vxlan: Fix NPD when refreshing an FDB entry with a nexthop object

VXLAN FDB entries can point to either a remote destination or an FDB
nexthop group. The latter is usually used in EVPN deployments where
learning is disabled.

However, when learning is enabled, an incoming packet might try to
refresh an FDB entry that points to an FDB nexthop group and therefore
does not have a remote. Such packets should be dropped, but they are
only dropped after dereferencing the non-existent remote, resulting in a
NPD [1] which can be reproduced using [2].

Fix by dropping such packets earlier. Remove the misleading comment from
first_remote_rcu().

[1]
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
[...]
CPU: 13 UID: 0 PID: 361 Comm: mausezahn Not tainted 6.17.0-rc1-virtme-g9f6b606b6b37 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary)
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.17.0-4.fc41 04/01/2014
RIP: 0010:vxlan_snoop+0x98/0x1e0
[...]
Call Trace:
<TASK>
vxlan_encap_bypass+0x209/0x240
encap_bypass_if_local+0xb1/0x100
vxlan_xmit_one+0x1375/0x17e0
vxlan_xmit+0x6b4/0x15f0
dev_hard_start_xmit+0x5d/0x1c0
__dev_queue_xmit+0x246/0xfd0
packet_sendmsg+0x113a/0x1850
__sock_sendmsg+0x38/0x70
__sys_sendto+0x126/0x180
__x64_sys_sendto+0x24/0x30
do_syscall_64+0xa4/0x260
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53

[2]
#!/bin/bash

ip address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo
ip address add 192.0.2.2/32 dev lo

ip nexthop add id 1 via 192.0.2.3 fdb
ip nexthop add id 10 group 1 fdb

ip link add name vx0 up type vxlan id 10010 local 192.0.2.1 dstport 12345 localbypass
ip link add name vx1 up type vxlan id 10020 local 192.0.2.2 dstport 54321 learning

bridge fdb add 00:11:22:33:44:55 dev vx0 self static dst 192.0.2.2 port 54321 vni 10020
bridge fdb add 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee dev vx1 self static nhid 10

mausezahn vx0 -a 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee -b 00:11:22:33:44:55 -c 1 -q

Affected products

VendorProductAffectedFixed
Linux Linux 5.8 6.1.191

Fixed in Linux distributions

Distributions backport fixes, so the version that fixes this vulnerability differs per release — upgrade to at least the version shown. From the distributions' security trackers and advisories.

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian 14 linux 6.16.6-1 —
Debian 13 linux 6.12.48-1 DSA-6008-1
Debian 12 linux No fix yet —
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 24.04 LTS linux-bluefield 6.8.0-1017.21 —
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 22.04 LTS linux-bluefield No fix yet —
Ubuntu 25.10 linux-azure-fde No fix yet —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux 6.8.0-106.106 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-aws 6.8.0-1050.53 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure 6.8.0-1051.57 USN-8125-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure-fde 6.8.0-1058.65 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure-nvidia 6.8.0-1039.42 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gcp 6.8.0-1052.55 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gke 6.8.0-1048.53 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gkeop 6.8.0-1035.38 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-ibm 6.8.0-1049.49 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-intel +19 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-lowlatency 6.8.0-106.106.1 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia 6.8.0-1049.52 USN-8100-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-lowlatency 6.8.0-1049.52.1 USN-8100-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra 6.8.0-1020.20 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-oracle 6.8.0-1047.48 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-raspi 6.8.0-1050.54 USN-8095-5
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-xilinx 6.8.0-1028.29 USN-8261-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux +49 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-aws-6.8 6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1 USN-8095-4
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-6.8 6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1 USN-8126-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-fde-6.8 6.8.0-1058.65~22.04.1 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gcp-6.8 6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-hwe-6.8 +1 6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-ibm-6.8 6.8.0-1049.49~22.04.1 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-6.8 6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1 USN-8100-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-oracle-6.8 6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1 USN-8095-1
Show 9 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-gke +28 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS linux-gcp +14 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS linux-hwe-edge No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-raspi-realtime 6.8.0-2040.41 USN-8095-5
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-realtime 6.8.1-1045.46 USN-8095-3
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-realtime-6.14 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime +1 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime-6.8 6.8.1-1045.46~22.04.1 USN-8095-3
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-aws-fips 6.8.0-1050.53+fips1 USN-8095-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-azure-fips 6.8.0-1052.58+fips1 USN-8165-1
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-fips 6.8.0-106.106+fips1 USN-8095-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-gcp-fips 6.8.0-1052.55+fips1 USN-8095-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-preview 22.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-aws-5.15 +10 No fix yet —
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-64kb +6 6.4.0-150700.53.22.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4057-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150700.20.18.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4132-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150700.53.22.1.150700.17.15.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4057-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-64kb +6 6.4.0-150600.23.78.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4140-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150600.8.55.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4128-1
SLES 15 SP6 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150600.23.78.1.150600.12.34.2 SUSE-SU-2025:4140-1
Show 9 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLES for SAP 16.0 kernel-64kb +7 6.12.0-160000.6.1 SUSE-SU-2025:21139-1
SLES for SAP 16.0 kernel-default-base 6.12.0-160000.6.1.160000.2.4 SUSE-SU-2025:21139-1
SLES 16.0 kernel-64kb +7 6.12.0-160000.6.1 SUSE-SU-2025:21179-1, SUSE-SU-2025:21139-1
SLES 16.0 kernel-default-base 6.12.0-160000.6.1.160000.2.4 SUSE-SU-2025:21139-1
SLE Micro 6.2 kernel-default-base 6.12.0-160000.6.1.160000.2.4 SUSE-SU-2025:21074-1
SLE Micro 6.2 kernel-rt +5 6.12.0-160000.6.1 SUSE-SU-2026:20560-1, SUSE-SU-2025:21074-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-36.1.21.13 SUSE-SU-2025:21056-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-rt +1 6.4.0-38.1 SUSE-SU-2025:21064-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-source +2 6.4.0-36.1 SUSE-SU-2025:21056-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-36.1.21.13 SUSE-SU-2025:21040-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-rt +1 6.4.0-38.1 SUSE-SU-2025:21052-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-source +2 6.4.0-36.1 SUSE-SU-2025:21040-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-default 6.4.0-150700.53.22.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4057-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_6 1-150700.1.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4141-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_6 1-150700.15.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4057-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-default 6.4.0-150600.23.78.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4140-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_17 1-150600.1.3.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4301-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP6 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_17 1-150600.13.5.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4140-1
SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP7 kernel-rt +2 6.4.0-150700.7.22.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4141-1
SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP6 kernel-rt +3 6.4.0-150600.10.58.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4301-1
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
openSUSE Leap 16.0 kernel-default-base 6.12.0-160000.6.1.160000.2.4 openSUSE-SU-2025:20081-1
openSUSE Leap 16.0 kernel-rt +10 6.12.0-160000.6.1 openSUSE-SU-2025:20081-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 dtb-aarch64 +10 6.4.0-150600.23.78.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4140-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150600.8.55.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4128-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150600.23.78.1.150600.12.34.2 SUSE-SU-2025:4140-1
openSUSE Leap 15.6 kernel-rt +3 6.4.0-150600.10.58.1 SUSE-SU-2025:4301-1

Amazon Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Amazon Linux 2023 kernel-livepatch-6.12.46-66.121 1:1.0-0.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1208
Amazon Linux 2023 perf6.12 +14 1:6.12.46-66.121.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1208

Azure Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Azure Linux 3 kernel No fix yet —
Azure Linux 2 (CBL-Mariner) kernel No fix yet —

Oracle Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Oracle Linux 9 kernel-uek +34 6.12.0-105.51.5.el10uek ELSA-2025-25754

Advisories 29

References