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High · 7.8 Public exploit CVE-2025-40123 EUVD-2025-124960GHSA-f5hr-qj5q-hc8f

bpf: Enforce expected_attach_type for tailcall compatibility

Published Nov 12, 2025 · Updated Oct 15, 2026 · Assigned by Linux

Vendor: Linux Product: Linux Package: linux Package: linux Package: linux-allwinner-5.19 Package: linux-aws Package: linux-aws-5.0 Package: linux-aws-5.11 Package: linux-aws-5.13 Package: linux-aws-5.15 Package: linux-aws-5.19 Package: linux-aws-5.3 Package: linux-aws-5.4 Package: linux-aws-5.8 Package: linux-aws-6.14 Package: linux-aws-6.17 Package: linux-aws-6.2 Package: linux-aws-6.5 Package: linux-aws-6.8 Package: linux-aws-fips Package: linux-azure Package: linux-azure-5.11 Package: linux-azure-5.13 Package: linux-azure-5.15 Package: linux-azure-5.19 Package: linux-azure-5.3 Package: linux-azure-5.4 Package: linux-azure-5.8 Package: linux-azure-6.11 Package: linux-azure-6.14 Package: linux-azure-6.2 Package: linux-azure-6.5 Package: linux-azure-6.8 Package: linux-azure-edge Package: linux-azure-fde Package: linux-azure-fde-5.15 Package: linux-azure-fde-5.19 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.14 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.2 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.8 Package: linux-azure-fips Package: linux-azure-nvidia Package: linux-azure-nvidia-6.14 Package: linux-bluefield Package: linux-fips Package: linux-gcp Package: linux-gcp-5.11 Package: linux-gcp-5.13 Package: linux-gcp-5.15 Package: linux-gcp-5.19 Package: linux-gcp-5.3 Package: linux-gcp-5.4 Package: linux-gcp-5.8 Package: linux-gcp-6.11 Package: linux-gcp-6.14 Package: linux-gcp-6.17 Package: linux-gcp-6.2 Package: linux-gcp-6.5 Package: linux-gcp-6.8 Package: linux-gcp-fips Package: linux-gke Package: linux-gke-4.15 Package: linux-gke-5.15 Package: linux-gke-5.4 Package: linux-gkeop Package: linux-gkeop-5.15 Package: linux-gkeop-5.4 Package: linux-hwe Package: linux-hwe-5.11 Package: linux-hwe-5.13 Package: linux-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-hwe-5.4 Package: linux-hwe-5.8 Package: linux-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-hwe-6.14 Package: linux-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-hwe-6.8 Package: linux-hwe-edge Package: linux-ibm Package: linux-ibm-5.15 Package: linux-ibm-5.4 Package: linux-ibm-6.8 Package: linux-intel-5.13 Package: linux-intel-iot-realtime Package: linux-intel-iotg Package: linux-intel-iotg-5.15 Package: linux-iot Package: linux-kvm Package: linux-lowlatency Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 Package: linux-nvidia Package: linux-nvidia-6.11 Package: linux-nvidia-6.17 Package: linux-nvidia-6.2 Package: linux-nvidia-6.5 Package: linux-nvidia-6.8 Package: linux-nvidia-lowlatency Package: linux-nvidia-tegra Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-igx Package: linux-oem Package: linux-oem-5.10 Package: linux-oem-5.13 Package: linux-oem-5.14 Package: linux-oem-5.17 Package: linux-oem-5.6 Package: linux-oem-6.0 Package: linux-oem-6.1 Package: linux-oem-6.11 Package: linux-oem-6.14 Package: linux-oem-6.17 Package: linux-oem-6.5 Package: linux-oem-6.8 Package: linux-oracle Package: linux-oracle-5.0 Package: linux-oracle-5.11 Package: linux-oracle-5.13 Package: linux-oracle-5.15 Package: linux-oracle-5.3 Package: linux-oracle-5.4 Package: linux-oracle-5.8 Package: linux-oracle-6.14 Package: linux-oracle-6.17 Package: linux-oracle-6.5 Package: linux-oracle-6.8 Package: linux-raspi Package: linux-raspi-5.4 Package: linux-raspi-realtime Package: linux-raspi2 Package: linux-realtime Package: linux-realtime-6.14 Package: linux-realtime-6.17 Package: linux-realtime-6.8 Package: linux-riscv Package: linux-riscv-5.11 Package: linux-riscv-5.15 Package: linux-riscv-5.19 Package: linux-riscv-5.8 Package: linux-riscv-6.14 Package: linux-riscv-6.5 Package: linux-riscv-6.8 Package: linux-starfive-5.19 Package: linux-starfive-6.2 Package: linux-starfive-6.5 Package: linux-vmware Package: linux-xilinx Package: linux-xilinx-zynqmp Platform: Linux Ecosystem: Debian Ecosystem: Ubuntu

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bpf: Enforce expected_attach_type for tailcall compatibility

Yinhao et al. recently reported:

Our fuzzer tool discovered an uninitialized pointer issue in the
bpf_prog_test_run_xdp() function within the Linux kernel's BPF subsystem.
This leads to a NULL pointer dereference when a BPF program attempts to
deference the txq member of struct xdp_buff object.

The test initializes two programs of BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP: progA acts as the
entry point for bpf_prog_test_run_xdp() and its expected_attach_type can
neither be of be BPF_XDP_DEVMAP nor BPF_XDP_CPUMAP. progA calls into a slot
of a tailcall map it owns. progB's expected_attach_type must be BPF_XDP_DEVMAP
to pass xdp_is_valid_access() validation. The program returns struct xdp_md's
egress_ifindex, and the latter is only allowed to be accessed under mentioned
expected_attach_type. progB is then inserted into the tailcall which progA
calls.

The underlying issue goes beyond XDP though. Another example are programs
of type BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR. sock_addr_is_valid_access() as well
as sock_addr_func_proto() have different logic depending on the programs'
expected_attach_type. Similarly, a program attached to BPF_CGROUP_INET4_GETPEERNAME
should not be allowed doing a tailcall into a program which calls bpf_bind()
out of BPF which is only enabled for BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT.

In short, specifying expected_attach_type allows to open up additional
functionality or restrictions beyond what the basic bpf_prog_type enables.
The use of tailcalls must not violate these constraints. Fix it by enforcing
expected_attach_type in __bpf_prog_map_compatible().

Note that we only enforce this for tailcall maps, but not for BPF devmaps or
cpumaps: There, the programs are invoked through dev_map_bpf_prog_run*() and
cpu_map_bpf_prog_run*() which set up a new environment / context and therefore
these situations are not prone to this issue.

Affected products

VendorProductAffectedFixed
Linux Linux 4.17 5.10.270

Fixed in Linux distributions

Distributions backport fixes, so the version that fixes this vulnerability differs per release — upgrade to at least the version shown. From the distributions' security trackers and advisories.

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian 14 linux 6.17.6-1 —
Debian 13 linux 6.12.57-1 —
Debian 12 linux 6.1.158-1 —
Debian 11 linux-6.1 6.1.158-1~deb11u1 DLA-4379-1
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 24.04 LTS linux-bluefield 6.8.0-1017.21 —
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 22.04 LTS linux-bluefield 5.15.0-1103.105 —
Ubuntu 25.10 linux 6.17.0-14.14 USN-8029-1
Ubuntu 25.10 linux-aws +2 6.17.0-1007.7 USN-8030-1, USN-8029-2
Ubuntu 25.10 linux-azure +1 6.17.0-1008.8 USN-8029-3, USN-8029-1
Ubuntu 25.10 linux-azure-fde No fix yet —
Ubuntu 25.10 linux-realtime 6.17.0-1006.7 USN-8029-1
Ubuntu 25.10 linux-riscv 6.17.0-14.14.1 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux 6.8.0-106.106 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-aws 6.8.0-1050.53 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-aws-6.17 +1 6.17.0-1007.7~24.04.1 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure 6.8.0-1051.57 USN-8125-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure-fde 6.8.0-1058.65 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure-nvidia 6.8.0-1039.42 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gcp 6.8.0-1052.55 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gcp-6.17 6.17.0-1008.8~24.04.1 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gke 6.8.0-1048.53 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gkeop 6.8.0-1035.38 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-ibm 6.8.0-1049.49 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-lowlatency 6.8.0-106.106.1 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia 6.8.0-1049.52 USN-8100-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-6.17 6.17.0-1008.8 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-lowlatency 6.8.0-1049.52.1 USN-8100-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra 6.8.0-1020.20 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-oem-6.17 6.17.0-1011.11 USN-8048-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-oracle 6.8.0-1047.48 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-raspi 6.8.0-1050.54 USN-8095-5
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-riscv +18 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-xilinx 6.8.0-1028.29 USN-8261-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux 5.15.0-202.212 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-aws 5.15.0-1119.126 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-aws-6.8 6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1 USN-8095-4
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure 5.15.0-1125.134 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-6.8 6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1 USN-8126-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-fde 5.15.0-1124.133 USN-8962-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-fde-6.8 6.8.0-1058.65~22.04.1 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gcp 5.15.0-1120.130 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gcp-6.8 6.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gke 5.15.0-1115.121 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gkeop 5.15.0-1102.110 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-hwe-6.8 +1 6.8.0-106.106~22.04.1 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-ibm 5.15.0-1113.117 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-ibm-6.8 6.8.0-1049.49~22.04.1 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-intel-iotg 5.15.0-1114.120 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-kvm 5.15.0-1111.116 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-lowlatency 5.15.0-197.207 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 6.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia 5.15.0-1114.115 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-6.8 6.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1 USN-8100-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra 5.15.0-1070.72 USN-8963-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra-igx 5.15.0-1059.59 USN-8963-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-oracle 5.15.0-1116.122 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-oracle-6.8 6.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1 USN-8095-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-raspi 5.15.0-1113.116 USN-9029-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-riscv +33 No fix yet —
Show 12 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-gke +28 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS linux-gcp +14 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS linux-hwe-edge No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-raspi-realtime 6.8.0-2040.41 USN-8095-5
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-realtime 6.8.1-1045.46 USN-8095-3
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-realtime-6.14 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-realtime-6.17 6.17.0-1006.7~24.04.1 —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-intel-iot-realtime 5.15.0-1111.115 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime 5.15.0-1118.127 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime-6.8 6.8.1-1045.46~22.04.1 USN-8095-3
Ubuntu Pro FIPS 20.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-aws-fips 6.8.0-1050.53+fips1 USN-8095-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-azure-fips 6.8.0-1052.58+fips1 USN-8165-1
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-fips 6.8.0-106.106+fips1 USN-8095-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-gcp-fips 6.8.0-1052.55+fips1 USN-8095-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-aws-fips 5.15.0-1119.126+fips1 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-azure-fips 5.15.0-1125.134+fips1 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-fips 5.15.0-202.212+fips1 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-gcp-fips 5.15.0-1120.130+fips1 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 20.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-preview 22.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux +10 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-aws-5.15 5.15.0-1119.126~20.04.1 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-azure-5.15 5.15.0-1125.134~20.04.1 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-azure-fde-5.15 5.15.0-1124.133~20.04.1 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-gcp-5.15 5.15.0-1120.130~20.04.1 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-hwe-5.15 5.15.0-202.212~20.04.1 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-ibm-5.15 5.15.0-1113.117~20.04.1 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-intel-iotg-5.15 5.15.0-1114.120~20.04.1 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 5.15.0-197.207~20.04.1 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 5.15.0-1070.72~20.04.1 USN-8963-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-oracle-5.15 5.15.0-1116.122~20.04.1 USN-8961-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-riscv-5.15 5.15.0-1113.117~20.04.2 —
Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS linux-aws-5.4 +6 No fix yet —
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-64kb +6 6.4.0-150700.53.28.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0315-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-azure +2 6.4.0-150700.20.24.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0281-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150700.53.28.1.150700.17.19.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0315-1
SLES 12 SP5 kernel-syms +2 4.12.14-122.290.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0316-1
Show 8 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLES for SAP 16.0 kernel-64kb +8 6.12.0-160000.9.1 SUSE-SU-2026:20220-1
SLES for SAP 16.0 kernel-default-base 6.12.0-160000.9.1.160000.2.6 SUSE-SU-2026:20220-1
SLES 16.0 kernel-64kb +8 6.12.0-160000.9.1 SUSE-SU-2026:20228-1, SUSE-SU-2026:20220-1
SLES 16.0 kernel-default-base 6.12.0-160000.9.1.160000.2.6 SUSE-SU-2026:20220-1
SLE Micro 6.2 kernel-default-base 6.12.0-160000.9.1.160000.2.6 SUSE-SU-2026:20207-1
SLE Micro 6.2 kernel-rt +5 6.12.0-160000.9.1 SUSE-SU-2026:20564-1, SUSE-SU-2026:20207-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-39.1.21.16 SUSE-SU-2026:20498-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-rt +1 6.4.0-40.1 SUSE-SU-2026:20876-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-source +2 6.4.0-39.1 SUSE-SU-2026:20498-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-39.1.21.16 SUSE-SU-2026:20477-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-rt +1 6.4.0-40.1 SUSE-SU-2026:20845-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-source +2 6.4.0-39.1 SUSE-SU-2026:20477-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-default 6.4.0-150700.53.28.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0315-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_8 1-150700.1.3.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0278-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_8 1-150700.15.3.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0315-1
SLE Live Patching 12 SP5 kernel-default 4.12.14-122.290.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0316-1
SLE Live Patching 12 SP5 kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP5_Update_76 1-8.7.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0316-1
SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP7 kernel-rt +2 6.4.0-150700.7.28.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0278-1
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
openSUSE Leap 16.0 kernel-default-base 6.12.0-160000.9.1.160000.2.6 openSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1
openSUSE Leap 16.0 kernel-rt +11 6.12.0-160000.9.1 openSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1

Amazon Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Amazon Linux 2023 kernel-livepatch-6.12.53-69.119 +1 1:1.0-0.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1254, ALAS2023-2025-1253
Amazon Linux 2023 perf +14 1:6.1.156-177.286.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1253
Amazon Linux 2023 perf6.12 +14 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1254

Public exploits

Exploit or proof-of-concept code for this vulnerability is publicly available, which lowers the bar for attackers. Treat it as a reason to patch sooner.

Third-party code, not reviewed by us. Public PoCs are sometimes fake or contain malware. Read the code first and run it only in an isolated lab, against systems you are authorised to test.

GitHub 1 repository

Sources: PoC-in-GitHub, Metasploit Framework, Exploit-DB — updated daily. Only links are listed; no exploit code is hosted here.

Advisories 36

References