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High · 8.1 CVE-2026-23401 EUVD-2026-17828GHSA-2g4m-3wvw-crq2

KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE

Published Apr 1, 2026 · Updated Nov 5, 2026 · Assigned by Linux

Vendor: Linux Product: Linux Package: kernel Package: linux Package: linux Package: linux-allwinner-5.19 Package: linux-aws Package: linux-aws-5.0 Package: linux-aws-5.11 Package: linux-aws-5.13 Package: linux-aws-5.15 Package: linux-aws-5.19 Package: linux-aws-5.3 Package: linux-aws-5.8 Package: linux-aws-6.14 Package: linux-aws-6.17 Package: linux-aws-6.2 Package: linux-aws-6.5 Package: linux-aws-6.8 Package: linux-aws-fips Package: linux-azure Package: linux-azure-5.11 Package: linux-azure-5.13 Package: linux-azure-5.15 Package: linux-azure-5.19 Package: linux-azure-5.3 Package: linux-azure-5.8 Package: linux-azure-6.11 Package: linux-azure-6.14 Package: linux-azure-6.17 Package: linux-azure-6.2 Package: linux-azure-6.5 Package: linux-azure-6.8 Package: linux-azure-edge Package: linux-azure-fde Package: linux-azure-fde-5.15 Package: linux-azure-fde-5.19 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.14 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.2 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.8 Package: linux-azure-fips Package: linux-azure-nvidia Package: linux-azure-nvidia-6.14 Package: linux-bluefield Package: linux-fips Package: linux-gcp Package: linux-gcp-5.11 Package: linux-gcp-5.13 Package: linux-gcp-5.15 Package: linux-gcp-5.19 Package: linux-gcp-5.3 Package: linux-gcp-5.8 Package: linux-gcp-6.11 Package: linux-gcp-6.14 Package: linux-gcp-6.17 Package: linux-gcp-6.2 Package: linux-gcp-6.5 Package: linux-gcp-6.8 Package: linux-gcp-fips Package: linux-gke Package: linux-gke-4.15 Package: linux-gke-5.15 Package: linux-gke-5.4 Package: linux-gkeop Package: linux-gkeop-5.15 Package: linux-gkeop-5.4 Package: linux-hwe Package: linux-hwe-5.11 Package: linux-hwe-5.13 Package: linux-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-hwe-5.8 Package: linux-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-hwe-6.14 Package: linux-hwe-6.17 Package: linux-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-hwe-6.8 Package: linux-hwe-edge Package: linux-ibm Package: linux-ibm-5.15 Package: linux-ibm-6.8 Package: linux-intel-5.13 Package: linux-intel-iot-realtime Package: linux-intel-iotg Package: linux-intel-iotg-5.15 Package: linux-kvm Package: linux-lowlatency Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 Package: linux-nvidia Package: linux-nvidia-6.11 Package: linux-nvidia-6.17 Package: linux-nvidia-6.2 Package: linux-nvidia-6.5 Package: linux-nvidia-6.8 Package: linux-nvidia-lowlatency Package: linux-nvidia-tegra Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-igx Package: linux-oem Package: linux-oem-5.10 Package: linux-oem-5.13 Package: linux-oem-5.14 Package: linux-oem-5.17 Package: linux-oem-5.6 Package: linux-oem-6.0 Package: linux-oem-6.1 Package: linux-oem-6.11 Package: linux-oem-6.14 Package: linux-oem-6.17 Package: linux-oem-6.5 Package: linux-oem-6.8 Package: linux-oracle Package: linux-oracle-5.0 Package: linux-oracle-5.11 Package: linux-oracle-5.13 Package: linux-oracle-5.15 Package: linux-oracle-5.3 Package: linux-oracle-5.8 Package: linux-oracle-6.14 Package: linux-oracle-6.17 Package: linux-oracle-6.5 Package: linux-oracle-6.8 Package: linux-raspi Package: linux-raspi-realtime Package: linux-raspi2 Package: linux-realtime Package: linux-realtime-6.14 Package: linux-realtime-6.17 Package: linux-realtime-6.8 Package: linux-riscv Package: linux-riscv-5.11 Package: linux-riscv-5.15 Package: linux-riscv-5.19 Package: linux-riscv-5.8 Package: linux-riscv-6.14 Package: linux-riscv-6.17 Package: linux-riscv-6.5 Package: linux-riscv-6.8 Package: linux-starfive-5.19 Package: linux-starfive-6.2 Package: linux-starfive-6.5 Package: linux-vmware Package: linux-xilinx Package: linux-xilinx-zynqmp Platform: Linux Ecosystem: Azure Linux Ecosystem: Debian Ecosystem: Ubuntu

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE

When installing an emulated MMIO SPTE, do so *after* dropping/zapping the
existing SPTE (if it's shadow-present). While commit a54aa15c6bda3 was
right about it being impossible to convert a shadow-present SPTE to an
MMIO SPTE due to a _guest_ write, it failed to account for writes to guest
memory that are outside the scope of KVM.

E.g. if host userspace modifies a shadowed gPTE to switch from a memslot
to emulted MMIO and then the guest hits a relevant page fault, KVM will
install the MMIO SPTE without first zapping the shadow-present SPTE.

------------[ cut here ]------------
is_shadow_present_pte(*sptep)
WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:484 at mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/4292
Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass
CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 4292 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015
RIP: 0010:mark_mmio_spte+0xb2/0xc0 [kvm]
Call Trace:
<TASK>
mmu_set_spte+0x237/0x440 [kvm]
ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm]
kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm]
kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm]
vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel]
kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm]
kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm]
__x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0
do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53
RIP: 0033:0x47fa3f
</TASK>
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---

Affected products

VendorProductAffectedFixed
Linux Linux 5.13 5.15.203

Fixed in Linux distributions

Distributions backport fixes, so the version that fixes this vulnerability differs per release — upgrade to at least the version shown. From the distributions' security trackers and advisories.

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian 14 linux 6.19.11-1 —
Debian 13 linux 6.12.85-1 —
Debian 12 linux 6.1.170-1 —
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 24.04 LTS linux-bluefield 6.8.0-1028.33 —
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 22.04 LTS linux-bluefield 5.15.0-1096.98 —
Ubuntu 25.10 linux +8 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux 6.8.0-136.136 USN-8567-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-aws 6.8.0-1061.64 USN-8595-2
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure 6.8.0-1063.71 USN-8606-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure-fde 6.8.0-1062.69 USN-8607-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gcp 6.8.0-1064.72 USN-8567-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gke 6.8.0-1059.67 USN-8567-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gkeop 6.8.0-1046.50 USN-8567-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-ibm 6.8.0-1061.62 USN-8574-3
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-lowlatency 6.8.0-136.136.2 USN-8574-2
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia 6.8.0-1059.62 USN-8596-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-lowlatency 6.8.0-1059.62.1 USN-8596-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra 6.8.0-1030.31 USN-8574-3
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-oracle 6.8.0-1058.61 USN-8574-2
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-raspi 6.8.0-1061.65 USN-8665-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-riscv +27 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-vmware 6.8.0-1008.8 —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-xilinx 6.8.0-1033.34 USN-8574-3
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux 5.15.0-186.196 USN-8575-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-aws 5.15.0-1112.119 USN-8575-2
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-aws-6.8 6.8.0-1061.64~22.04.1 USN-8595-3
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure +1 5.15.0-1117.126 USN-8610-1, USN-8575-3
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-6.8 6.8.0-1063.71~22.04.1 USN-8606-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-fde-6.8 6.8.0-1062.69~22.04.1 USN-8609-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gcp 5.15.0-1112.122 USN-8575-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gcp-6.8 6.8.0-1064.72~22.04.1 USN-8567-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gke 5.15.0-1108.114 USN-8575-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gkeop 5.15.0-1095.103 USN-8575-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-hwe-6.8 6.8.0-136.136~22.04.1 USN-8619-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-ibm 5.15.0-1106.110 USN-8575-2
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-ibm-6.8 6.8.0-1061.62~22.04.1 USN-8574-3
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-intel-iotg 5.15.0-1107.113 USN-8620-4
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-kvm 5.15.0-1104.109 USN-8575-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-lowlatency 5.15.0-184.194 USN-8575-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 6.8.0-136.136.2~22.04.1 USN-8574-2
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia 5.15.0-1107.108 USN-8575-2
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-6.8 6.8.0-1059.62~22.04.1 USN-8596-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra 5.15.0-1064.66 USN-8576-2
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra-igx 5.15.0-1053.53 USN-8576-2
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-oracle 5.15.0-1109.115 USN-8575-3
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-oracle-6.8 6.8.0-1058.61~22.04.1 USN-8595-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-raspi 5.15.0-1106.109 USN-8668-2
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-riscv +32 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-riscv-6.8 6.8.0-136.136~22.04.3 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-xilinx-zynqmp 5.15.0-1075.79 USN-8575-1
Show 9 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-gke +28 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS linux-gcp +14 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS linux-hwe-edge No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-raspi-realtime 6.8.0-2050.52 USN-8665-1
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-realtime 6.8.1-1056.57 USN-8567-1
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-realtime-6.14 +1 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-intel-iot-realtime 5.15.0-1104.106 USN-8620-3
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime 5.15.0-1111.120 USN-8575-1
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime-6.8 6.8.1-1056.57~22.04.2 USN-8567-1
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-aws-fips 6.8.0-1061.64+fips1 USN-8595-3
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-azure-fips 6.8.0-1063.71+fips2 USN-8608-1
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-fips 6.8.0-136.136+fips2 USN-8574-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-gcp-fips 6.8.0-1064.72+fips1 USN-8574-1
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-aws-fips 5.15.0-1112.119+fips1 USN-8575-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-azure-fips 5.15.0-1117.126+fips1 USN-8620-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-fips 5.15.0-186.196+fips1 USN-8575-2
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-gcp-fips 5.15.0-1112.122+fips1 USN-8575-1
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-preview 22.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-aws-5.15 5.15.0-1112.119~20.04.1 USN-8575-2
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-azure-5.15 5.15.0-1117.126~20.04.1 USN-8620-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-azure-fde-5.15 5.15.0-1117.126~20.04.2 USN-8620-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-gcp-5.15 5.15.0-1112.122~20.04.1 USN-8668-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-hwe-5.15 5.15.0-186.196~20.04.1 USN-8575-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-ibm-5.15 +1 5.15.0-1106.110~20.04.1 USN-8597-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-intel-iotg-5.15 5.15.0-1107.113~20.04.1 USN-8620-3
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 5.15.0-184.194~20.04.1 USN-8575-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 5.15.0-1064.66~20.04.1 USN-8576-1
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux-oracle-5.15 5.15.0-1109.115~20.04.1 USN-8620-1
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
RHEL 10 rv +76 6.12.0-211.16.1.el10_2 RHSA-2026:19569
RHEL 9 rv +75 5.14.0-687.10.1.el9_8 RHSA-2026:19568
RHEL 8 kernel-rt +12 4.18.0-553.123.1.rt7.464.el8_10 RHSA-2026:13578
RHEL 8 kpatch-patch-4_18_0-553_109_1 1-6.el8_10 RHSA-2026:36530
RHEL 8 kpatch-patch-4_18_0-553_125_1 1-3.el8_10 RHSA-2026:36530
RHEL 8 kpatch-patch-4_18_0-553_53_1 1-13.el8_10 RHSA-2026:36530
RHEL 8 kpatch-patch-4_18_0-553_72_1 1-10.el8_10 RHSA-2026:36530
RHEL 8 kpatch-patch-4_18_0-553_85_1 1-8.el8_10 RHSA-2026:36530
RHEL 8 perf +26 4.18.0-553.123.1.el8_10 RHSA-2026:13577
Show 11 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
RHEL 10.0 EUS rv +77 6.12.0-55.72.1.el10_0 RHSA-2026:15883
RHEL 9.6 EUS kpatch-patch-5_14_0-570_116_1 1-3.el9_6 RHSA-2026:36534
RHEL 9.6 EUS kpatch-patch-5_14_0-570_17_1 1-18.el9_6 RHSA-2026:36534
RHEL 9.6 EUS kpatch-patch-5_14_0-570_39_1 1-9.el9_6 RHSA-2026:36534
RHEL 9.6 EUS kpatch-patch-5_14_0-570_66_1 1-8.el9_6 RHSA-2026:36534
RHEL 9.6 EUS kpatch-patch-5_14_0-570_94_1 1-6.el9_6 RHSA-2026:36534
RHEL 9.6 EUS rv +77 5.14.0-570.112.1.el9_6 RHSA-2026:14339
RHEL 9.4 EUS bpftool 7.3.0-427.124.1.el9_4 RHSA-2026:13932
RHEL 9.4 EUS rv +64 5.14.0-427.124.1.el9_4 RHSA-2026:13932
RHEL 9.4 E4S kpatch-patch-5_14_0-427_100_1 1-8.el9_4 RHSA-2026:36533
RHEL 9.4 E4S kpatch-patch-5_14_0-427_113_1 1-6.el9_4 RHSA-2026:36533
RHEL 9.4 E4S kpatch-patch-5_14_0-427_126_1 1-3.el9_4 RHSA-2026:36533
RHEL 9.4 E4S kpatch-patch-5_14_0-427_68_2 1-15.el9_4 RHSA-2026:36533
RHEL 9.4 E4S kpatch-patch-5_14_0-427_84_1 1-10.el9_4 RHSA-2026:36533
RHEL 9.2 E4S bpftool 7.0.0-284.172.1.el9_2 RHSA-2026:20593
RHEL 9.2 E4S kernel-rt +14 5.14.0-284.172.1.rt14.457.el9_2 RHSA-2026:19875
RHEL 9.2 E4S kpatch-patch-5_14_0-284_117_1 1-16.el9_2 RHSA-2026:36532
RHEL 9.2 E4S kpatch-patch-5_14_0-284_134_1 1-10.el9_2 RHSA-2026:36532
RHEL 9.2 E4S kpatch-patch-5_14_0-284_148_1 1-8.el9_2 RHSA-2026:36532
RHEL 9.2 E4S kpatch-patch-5_14_0-284_158_1 1-6.el9_2 RHSA-2026:36532
RHEL 9.2 E4S kpatch-patch-5_14_0-284_172_1 1-3.el9_2 RHSA-2026:36532
RHEL 9.2 E4S perf +47 5.14.0-284.172.1.el9_2 RHSA-2026:20593
RHEL 9.0 E4S kernel-rt +12 5.14.0-70.178.1.rt21.250.el9_0 RHSA-2026:14137
RHEL 9.0 E4S perf +28 5.14.0-70.178.1.el9_0 RHSA-2026:13936
RHEL 8.8 TUS perf +17 4.18.0-477.143.1.el8_8 RHSA-2026:19521
RHEL 8.8 E4S kpatch-patch-4_18_0-477_107_1 1-9.el8_8 RHSA-2026:36531
RHEL 8.8 E4S kpatch-patch-4_18_0-477_120_1 1-8.el8_8 RHSA-2026:36531
RHEL 8.8 E4S kpatch-patch-4_18_0-477_130_1 1-6.el8_8 RHSA-2026:36531
RHEL 8.8 E4S kpatch-patch-4_18_0-477_97_1 1-13.el8_8 RHSA-2026:36531
RHEL 8.8 E4S perf +18 4.18.0-477.143.1.el8_8 RHSA-2026:19521
RHEL 8.6 TUS perf +17 4.18.0-372.191.1.el8_6 RHSA-2026:14230
RHEL 8.6 E4S perf +25 4.18.0-372.191.1.el8_6 RHSA-2026:14230
RHEL 8.6 AUS perf +17 4.18.0-372.191.1.el8_6 RHSA-2026:14230

AlmaLinux

Errata ↗
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
AlmaLinux 10 rv +74 6.12.0-211.16.1.el10_2 ALSA-2026:19569
AlmaLinux 9 rv +73 5.14.0-687.10.1.el9_8 ALSA-2026:19568
AlmaLinux 8 kernel-rt +9 4.18.0-553.123.1.rt7.464.el8_10 ALSA-2026:13578
AlmaLinux 8 perf +24 4.18.0-553.123.1.el8_10 ALSA-2026:13577

Rocky Linux

Errata ↗
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Rocky Linux 10 kernel 6.12.0-211.16.1.el10_2.0.1 RLSA-2026:19569
Rocky Linux 9 kernel 5.14.0-687.10.1.el9_8.0.1 RLSA-2026:19568
Rocky Linux 8 kernel 4.18.0-553.123.1.el8_10 RXSA-2026:13577, RLSA-2026:13577
Rocky Linux 8 kernel-rt 4.18.0-553.123.1.rt7.464.el8_10 RLSA-2026:13578
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLE Micro 6.2 kernel-syms +1 6.12.0-160000.33.1 SUSE-SU-2026:21834-1

Amazon Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Amazon Linux 2023 kernel-livepatch-6.18.25-52.107 +2 1:1.0-0.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-1746, ALAS2023-2026-1681, ALAS2023-2026-1646
Amazon Linux 2023 perf +14 1:6.1.168-202.320.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-1681
Amazon Linux 2023 perf6.12 +14 1:6.12.80-105.147.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-1646
Amazon Linux 2023 perf6.18 +11 1:6.18.25-52.107.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-1746

Azure Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Azure Linux 3 kernel 6.6.134.1-2 —

Oracle Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Oracle Linux 10 rv +29 6.12.0-211.34.1.el10_2 ELSA-2026-19569
Oracle Linux 9 kernel-uek +34 6.12.0-200.74.27.1.el10uek ELSA-2026-50372, ELSA-2026-50232, ELSA-2026-50170
Oracle Linux 9 rv +28 5.14.0-687.17.1.el9_8 ELSA-2026-19568
Oracle Linux 8 kernel-uek +17 5.15.0-318.199.3.2.1.el9uek ELSA-2026-50261, ELSA-2026-50171
Oracle Linux 8 perf +19 4.18.0-553.123.1.el8_10 ELSA-2026-50261, ELSA-2026-50171, ELSA-2026-13577

Advisories 50

References