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High · 7.5 CVE-2026-45944 EUVD-2026-32228GHSA-xp3w-6f4f-gvg7

iommu/vt-d: Clear Present bit before tearing down context entry

Published May 27, 2026 · Updated Oct 30, 2026 · Assigned by Linux

Vendor: Linux Product: Linux Package: kernel Package: linux Package: linux Package: linux-6.12 Package: linux-allwinner-5.19 Package: linux-aws Package: linux-aws-5.0 Package: linux-aws-5.11 Package: linux-aws-5.13 Package: linux-aws-5.15 Package: linux-aws-5.19 Package: linux-aws-5.3 Package: linux-aws-5.4 Package: linux-aws-5.8 Package: linux-aws-6.14 Package: linux-aws-6.17 Package: linux-aws-6.2 Package: linux-aws-6.5 Package: linux-aws-6.8 Package: linux-aws-fips Package: linux-aws-hwe Package: linux-azure Package: linux-azure-4.15 Package: linux-azure-5.11 Package: linux-azure-5.13 Package: linux-azure-5.15 Package: linux-azure-5.19 Package: linux-azure-5.3 Package: linux-azure-5.4 Package: linux-azure-5.8 Package: linux-azure-6.11 Package: linux-azure-6.14 Package: linux-azure-6.17 Package: linux-azure-6.2 Package: linux-azure-6.5 Package: linux-azure-6.8 Package: linux-azure-edge Package: linux-azure-fde Package: linux-azure-fde-5.15 Package: linux-azure-fde-5.19 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.14 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.17 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.2 Package: linux-azure-fde-6.8 Package: linux-azure-fips Package: linux-azure-nvidia Package: linux-azure-nvidia-6.14 Package: linux-bluefield Package: linux-fips Package: linux-gcp Package: linux-gcp-4.15 Package: linux-gcp-5.11 Package: linux-gcp-5.13 Package: linux-gcp-5.15 Package: linux-gcp-5.19 Package: linux-gcp-5.3 Package: linux-gcp-5.4 Package: linux-gcp-5.8 Package: linux-gcp-6.11 Package: linux-gcp-6.14 Package: linux-gcp-6.17 Package: linux-gcp-6.2 Package: linux-gcp-6.5 Package: linux-gcp-6.8 Package: linux-gcp-fips Package: linux-gke Package: linux-gke-4.15 Package: linux-gke-5.15 Package: linux-gke-5.4 Package: linux-gkeop Package: linux-gkeop-5.15 Package: linux-gkeop-5.4 Package: linux-hwe Package: linux-hwe-5.11 Package: linux-hwe-5.13 Package: linux-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-hwe-5.4 Package: linux-hwe-5.8 Package: linux-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-hwe-6.14 Package: linux-hwe-6.17 Package: linux-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-hwe-6.8 Package: linux-hwe-edge Package: linux-ibm Package: linux-ibm-5.15 Package: linux-ibm-5.4 Package: linux-ibm-6.8 Package: linux-intel-5.13 Package: linux-intel-iot-realtime Package: linux-intel-iotg Package: linux-intel-iotg-5.15 Package: linux-iot Package: linux-kvm Package: linux-lowlatency Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 Package: linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 Package: linux-lts-xenial Package: linux-nvidia Package: linux-nvidia-6.11 Package: linux-nvidia-6.17 Package: linux-nvidia-6.2 Package: linux-nvidia-6.5 Package: linux-nvidia-6.8 Package: linux-nvidia-lowlatency Package: linux-nvidia-tegra Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15 Package: linux-nvidia-tegra-igx Package: linux-oem Package: linux-oem-5.10 Package: linux-oem-5.13 Package: linux-oem-5.14 Package: linux-oem-5.17 Package: linux-oem-5.6 Package: linux-oem-6.0 Package: linux-oem-6.1 Package: linux-oem-6.11 Package: linux-oem-6.14 Package: linux-oem-6.17 Package: linux-oem-6.5 Package: linux-oem-6.8 Package: linux-oracle Package: linux-oracle-5.0 Package: linux-oracle-5.11 Package: linux-oracle-5.13 Package: linux-oracle-5.15 Package: linux-oracle-5.3 Package: linux-oracle-5.4 Package: linux-oracle-5.8 Package: linux-oracle-6.14 Package: linux-oracle-6.17 Package: linux-oracle-6.5 Package: linux-oracle-6.8 Package: linux-raspi Package: linux-raspi-5.4 Package: linux-raspi-realtime Package: linux-raspi2 Package: linux-realtime Package: linux-realtime-6.14 Package: linux-realtime-6.17 Package: linux-realtime-6.8 Package: linux-riscv Package: linux-riscv-5.11 Package: linux-riscv-5.15 Package: linux-riscv-5.19 Package: linux-riscv-5.8 Package: linux-riscv-6.14 Package: linux-riscv-6.17 Package: linux-riscv-6.5 Package: linux-riscv-6.8 Package: linux-starfive-5.19 Package: linux-starfive-6.2 Package: linux-starfive-6.5 Package: linux-vmware Package: linux-xilinx Package: linux-xilinx-zynqmp Platform: Linux Ecosystem: Azure Linux Ecosystem: Debian Ecosystem: Ubuntu

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

iommu/vt-d: Clear Present bit before tearing down context entry

When tearing down a context entry, the current implementation zeros the
entire 128-bit entry using multiple 64-bit writes. This creates a window
where the hardware can fetch a "torn" entry — where some fields are
already zeroed while the 'Present' bit is still set — leading to
unpredictable behavior or spurious faults.

While x86 provides strong write ordering, the compiler may reorder writes
to the two 64-bit halves of the context entry. Even without compiler
reordering, the hardware fetch is not guaranteed to be atomic with
respect to multiple CPU writes.

Align with the "Guidance to Software for Invalidations" in the VT-d spec
(Section 6.5.3.3) by implementing the recommended ownership handshake:

1. Clear only the 'Present' (P) bit of the context entry first to
signal the transition of ownership from hardware to software.
2. Use dma_wmb() to ensure the cleared bit is visible to the IOMMU.
3. Perform the required cache and context-cache invalidation to ensure
hardware no longer has cached references to the entry.
4. Fully zero out the entry only after the invalidation is complete.

Also, add a dma_wmb() to context_set_present() to ensure the entry
is fully initialized before the 'Present' bit becomes visible.

Affected products

VendorProductAffectedFixed
Linux Linux 2.6.24 6.1.191

Fixed in Linux distributions

Distributions backport fixes, so the version that fixes this vulnerability differs per release — upgrade to at least the version shown. From the distributions' security trackers and advisories.

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian 14 linux 6.18.14-1 —
Debian 13 linux 6.12.100-1 —
Debian 12 linux No fix yet —
Debian 12 linux-6.12 6.12.100-1~deb12u1 —
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 24.04 LTS linux-bluefield 6.8.0-1033.38 —
Ubuntu Nvidia-BlueField 22.04 LTS linux-bluefield No fix yet —
Ubuntu 25.10 linux +8 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux 6.8.0-147.147 USN-8917-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-aws +1 6.8.0-1067.70 USN-9024-1, USN-8917-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-azure-fde 6.8.0-1069.76 USN-8918-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gcp +1 6.8.0-1071.79 USN-8918-1, USN-8917-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gke 6.8.0-1066.74 USN-8917-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-gkeop 6.8.0-1052.56 USN-8917-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-ibm 6.8.0-1067.68 USN-8917-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-lowlatency 6.8.0-147.147.1 USN-8917-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-lowlatency 6.8.0-1067.70.1 USN-9040-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-nvidia-tegra 6.8.0-1035.38 USN-8781-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-oracle 6.8.0-1064.67 USN-8917-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-raspi 6.8.0-1068.72 USN-9025-1
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-riscv +29 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS linux-vmware 6.8.0-1008.8 —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux +50 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-aws-6.8 6.8.0-1069.74~22.04.1 USN-9024-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-6.8 6.8.0-1073.82~22.04.1 USN-9026-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-azure-fde-6.8 6.8.0-1071.78~22.04.1 USN-9026-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-gcp-6.8 6.8.0-1073.81~22.04.1 USN-9024-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-hwe-6.8 6.8.0-149.149~22.04.1 USN-9066-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-ibm-6.8 6.8.0-1069.70~22.04.1 USN-9024-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 6.8.0-149.149.1~22.04.1 USN-9024-1
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS linux-oracle-6.8 6.8.0-1067.71~22.04.1 USN-9025-1
Show 18 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS linux-gke +28 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS linux-gcp +14 No fix yet —
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS linux-hwe-edge No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-raspi-realtime 6.8.0-2056.58 USN-9025-1
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-realtime 6.8.1-1062.63 USN-8917-1
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 24.04 LTS linux-realtime-6.14 +1 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime +1 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro Realtime 22.04 LTS linux-realtime-6.8 6.8.1-1064.65~22.04.1 USN-9024-1
Ubuntu Pro FIPS 20.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS 18.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS 16.04 LTS linux-fips No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-aws-fips 6.8.0-1067.70+fips1 USN-8917-1
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-fips 6.8.0-147.147+fips1 USN-8917-1
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS linux-gcp-fips +1 6.8.0-1071.79+fips1 USN-8918-1, USN-8917-1
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 20.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 18.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 16.04 LTS linux-fips No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro FIPS-preview 22.04 LTS linux-fips +3 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS linux +21 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS linux +12 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 16.04 LTS linux +7 No fix yet —
Ubuntu Pro 14.04 LTS linux +3 No fix yet —
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-64kb +7 6.4.0-150700.53.78.1 SUSE-SU-2026:5091-1, SUSE-SU-2026:3790-1
SLES 15 SP7 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-150700.53.78.1.150700.17.43.2 SUSE-SU-2026:5091-1, SUSE-SU-2026:3790-1
Show 7 more (older releases, extended support, other products)
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
SLES for SAP 16.0 kernel-64kb +8 6.12.0-160000.37.1 SUSE-SU-2026:24662-1, SUSE-SU-2026:23231-1, SUSE-SU-2026:23221-1
SLES for SAP 16.0 kernel-default-base 6.12.0-160000.37.1.160000.2.19 SUSE-SU-2026:24662-1, SUSE-SU-2026:23231-1, SUSE-SU-2026:23221-1
SLES 16.0 kernel-64kb +8 6.12.0-160000.37.1 SUSE-SU-2026:24662-1, SUSE-SU-2026:24651-1, SUSE-SU-2026:23237-1
SLES 16.0 kernel-default-base 6.12.0-160000.37.1.160000.2.19 SUSE-SU-2026:24662-1, SUSE-SU-2026:23231-1, SUSE-SU-2026:23221-1
SLE Micro 6.2 kernel-default-base 6.12.0-160000.37.1.160000.2.19 SUSE-SU-2026:24643-1, SUSE-SU-2026:23068-1
SLE Micro 6.2 kernel-rt +5 6.12.0-160000.37.1 SUSE-SU-2026:24648-1, SUSE-SU-2026:24643-1, SUSE-SU-2026:23068-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-159998.55.1.159998.21.41 SUSE-SU-2026:24619-1
SLE Micro 6.1 kernel-rt +4 6.4.0-51.1 SUSE-SU-2026:24619-1, SUSE-SU-2026:23194-1, SUSE-SU-2026:23193-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-default-base 6.4.0-159998.55.1.159998.21.42 SUSE-SU-2026:24550-1
SLE Micro 6.0 kernel-rt +4 6.4.0-51.1 SUSE-SU-2026:24550-1, SUSE-SU-2026:23244-1, SUSE-SU-2026:23241-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-default 6.4.0-150700.53.78.1 SUSE-SU-2026:5091-1, SUSE-SU-2026:3790-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_19 1-150700.1.5.1 SUSE-SU-2026:3810-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_20 1-150700.15.3.2 SUSE-SU-2026:3790-1
SLE Live Patching 15 SP7 kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_24 1-150700.15.3.1 SUSE-SU-2026:5091-1
SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP7 kernel-rt +2 6.4.0-150700.7.72.1 SUSE-SU-2026:3810-1
ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
openSUSE Leap 16.0 kernel-default-base 6.12.0-160000.37.1.160000.2.19 openSUSE-SU-2026:21555-1
openSUSE Leap 16.0 kernel-rt +11 6.12.0-160000.37.1 openSUSE-SU-2026:21555-1

Amazon Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Amazon Linux 2023 kernel-livepatch-6.18.15-14.217 +1 1:1.0-0.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-2057, ALAS2023-2026-1514
Amazon Linux 2023 perf6.12 +11 1:6.12.100-125.179.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-2057
Amazon Linux 2023 perf6.18 +14 1:6.18.15-14.217.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-1514

Azure Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Azure Linux 3 kernel No fix yet —

Oracle Linux

ReleasePackageFixed inAdvisory
Oracle Linux 9 kernel-uek +34 6.12.0-206.104.3.3.el10uek ELSA-2026-500248

Advisories 31

References