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Critical · 9.3 CVE-2026-52735 EUVD-2026-61166GHSA-gf9r-m956-97qx

ZEBRA: Consensus divergence via P2SH sigop undercount in pure-Rust disabled-opcode parser

Published Aug 18, 2026 · Updated Aug 18, 2026 · Assigned by GitHub_M

Description

ZEBRA is a Zcash node written entirely in Rust. Prior to 4.5.0, Zebra can accept a block that zcashd rejects because the P2SH signature-operation counter undercounts redeem scripts containing a disabled opcode followed by signature opcodes. In zebra-script/src/lib.rs, p2sh_input_sigop_count used the pure-Rust script::Code::sig_op_count path, whose try_fold parser stops at disabled opcodes such as OP_CODESEPARATOR and returns only the partial count accumulated before the error. The zcashd reference implementation continues static signature-operation counting through disabled opcodes, so an attacker can broadcast P2SH spends that Zebra counts below MAX_BLOCK_SIGOPS while zcashd counts above the 20,000-operation limit. If a Zebra miner includes those transactions, Zebra validators accept the block while zcashd validators reject it, creating a consensus chain split that affects network integrity and availability without requiring the attacker to produce a block. This issue is fixed in version 4.5.0.

Affected products

VendorProductAffectedFixed
ZcashFoundation zebra < 4.5.0 —

Affected packages

EcosystemPackageAffectedFixedRecord
crates.io zebra-script < 7.0.0 7.0.0 GHSA-gf9r-m956-97qx
crates.io zebrad < 4.5.0 4.5.0 GHSA-gf9r-m956-97qx

References